Nutrients

Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

4 pages, 174 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents

by Antje Hebestreit¹

and Leonie H. Bogl^2,*

¹ Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, D-28359 Bremen, Germany

² Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1. Floor, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

Nutrients 2019, 11(8), 1849; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081849 - 9 Aug 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3990

Abstract

In recent years, diet- and lifestyle-related disorders have become a major health threat in Europe and worldwide [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

18 pages, 797 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pediatric-Adapted Liking Survey (PALS): A Diet and Activity Screener in Pediatric Care

by Kayla Vosburgh¹, Sharon R. Smith², Samantha Oldman¹, Tania Huedo-Medina¹ and Valerie B. Duffy^1,*

¹ Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA

² CT Children’s Medical Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, CT 06106 2, USA

Nutrients 2019, 11(7), 1641; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071641 - 18 Jul 2019

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3966

Abstract

Clinical settings need rapid yet useful methods to screen for diet and activity behaviors for brief interventions and to guide obesity prevention efforts. In an urban pediatric emergency department, these behaviors were screened in children and parents with the 33-item Pediatric-Adapted Liking Survey [...] Read more.

Clinical settings need rapid yet useful methods to screen for diet and activity behaviors for brief interventions and to guide obesity prevention efforts. In an urban pediatric emergency department, these behaviors were screened in children and parents with the 33-item Pediatric-Adapted Liking Survey (PALS) to assess the reliability and validity of a Healthy Behavior Index (HBI) generated from the PALS responses. The PALS was completed by 925 children (average age = 11 ± 4 years, 55% publicly insured, 37% overweight/obese by Body Mass Index Percentile, BMI-P) and 925 parents. Child–parent dyads differed most in liking of vegetables, sweets, sweet drinks, and screen time. Across the sample, child and parent HBIs were variable, normally distributed with adequate internal reliability and construct validity, revealing two dimensions (less healthy—sweet drinks, sweets, sedentary behaviors; healthy—vegetables, fruits, proteins). The HBI showed criterion validity, detecting healthier indexes in parents vs. children, females vs. males, privately- vs. publicly-health insured, and residence in higher- vs. lower-income communities. Parent’s HBI explained some variability in child BMI percentile. Greater liking of sweets/carbohydrates partially mediated the association between low family income and higher BMI percentile. These findings support the utility of PALS as a dietary behavior and activity screener for children and their parents in a clinical setting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 416 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Use of vitamin and mineral supplements among adolescents living in Germany—Results from EsKiMo II

by Hanna Perlitz^*, Gert B.M. Mensink

, Clarissa Lage Barbosa, Almut Richter, Anna-Kristin Brettschneider, Franziska Lehmann, Eleni Patelakis, Melanie Frank, Karoline Heide and Marjolein Haftenberger

Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 12101 Berlin, Germany

Nutrients 2019, 11(6), 1208; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061208 - 28 May 2019

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 7393

Abstract

Dietary supplements may contribute to nutrient intake; however, actual data on dietary supplement use among adolescents living in Germany are rare. The aim of this analysis was to describe the current use of dietary supplements, its determinants, and reasons of use. Changes in [...] Read more.

Dietary supplements may contribute to nutrient intake; however, actual data on dietary supplement use among adolescents living in Germany are rare. The aim of this analysis was to describe the current use of dietary supplements, its determinants, and reasons of use. Changes in supplement use over time were evaluated by comparing the results with those from EsKiMo I (2006). Data from the Eating Study as a KiGGS Module EsKiMo II (2015–2017) were used to analyze supplement intake according to sociodemographic, health characteristics, and physical exercise behavior of 12–17-year-olds (n = 1356). Supplement use during the past four weeks was assessed by a standardized computer assisted personal interview. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the association between supplement use and its determinants. Between 2015–2017, 16.4% (95%-CI: 13.0–19.7%) of the adolescents used dietary supplements, and its use decreased with lower levels of physical exercise and overweight. Most supplement users used only one supplement, often containing both vitamins and minerals. The most frequently supplemented nutrients were vitamin C and magnesium. The main reported reason to use supplements was ‘to improve health’. Prevalence of supplement use was slightly lower in 2015-2017 than in 2006 (18.5%; 95%-CI: 15.8–21.2%). The results underline the importance of including nutrient intake through dietary supplements in nutrition surveys. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 253 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mothers’ Vegetable Consumption Behaviors and Preferences as Factors Limiting the Possibility of Increasing Vegetable Consumption in Children in a National Sample of Polish and Romanian Respondents

by Barbara Groele¹, Dominika Głąbska^1,*

, Krystyna Gutkowska²

and Dominika Guzek²

¹ Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland

² Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland

Nutrients 2019, 11(5), 1078; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051078 - 15 May 2019

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3735

Abstract

Increasing the insufficient intake of vegetables in children may be difficult, due to the influence of parents and at-home accessibility. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between self-reported vegetable consumption behaviors and preferences of mothers and the behaviors and [...] Read more.

Increasing the insufficient intake of vegetables in children may be difficult, due to the influence of parents and at-home accessibility. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between self-reported vegetable consumption behaviors and preferences of mothers and the behaviors and preferences of their children, as declared by them. The nationally representative Polish (n = 1200) and Romanian (n = 1157) samples of mothers of children aged 3–10 were obtained using the random quota sampling method, and interviewed for their and their children’s general frequency of consumption and preferences of vegetables in years 2012–2014. A 24 h dietary recall of vegetable consumption was conducted for mothers and their children. Associations were observed for general number of servings consumed per day by mother–child pairs (p < 0.0001; R = 0.6522, R = 0.6573 for Polish and Romanian samples, respectively) and number of types indicated as preferred (p < 0.0001; R = 0.5418, R = 0.5433). The share of children consuming specific vegetables was 33.1–75.3% and 42.6–75.7% while their mothers also consumed, but 0.1–43.2% and 1.2–22.9% while their mothers did not. The share of children preferring specific vegetables was 16.7–74.1% and 15.2–100% when their mother shared the preference, but 1.3–46.9% and 0–38.3% when their mother did not. The mothers’ vegetable consumption behaviors and preferences may be a factor limiting the possibility of increasing vegetable consumption in their children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

15 pages, 238 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations between Physical Activity and Food Intake among Children and Adolescents: Results of KiGGS Wave 2

by Kristin Manz^*, Gert B. M. Mensink

, Jonas D. Finger, Marjolein Haftenberger, Anna-Kristin Brettschneider, Clarissa Lage Barbosa, Susanne Krug and Anja Schienkiewitz

Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany

Nutrients 2019, 11(5), 1060; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051060 - 11 May 2019

Cited by 58 | Viewed by 5940

Abstract

A balanced diet and sufficient physical activity are essential for the healthy growth of children and adolescents and for obesity prevention. Data from the second wave of the population-based German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2; 2014–2017) [...] Read more.

A balanced diet and sufficient physical activity are essential for the healthy growth of children and adolescents and for obesity prevention. Data from the second wave of the population-based German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2; 2014–2017) were used to analyse the association between food intake and physical activity among 6- to 17-year-old children and adolescents (n = 9842). Physical exercise (PE) and recommended daily physical activity (RDPA) were assessed with self-administered questionnaires and food intake by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse the association between food group intake (dependent variable) and level of PE or RDPA. High levels of physical activity (PE or RDPA) were associated with higher consumption of juice, water, milk, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables among both boys and girls, and among boys with a higher intake of bread, potatoes/pasta/rice, meat, and cereals. Higher PE levels were also less likely to be associated with a high soft drink intake. High levels of RDPA were associated with high intake of energy-dense foods among boys, which was not observed for PE. This study indicates that school-aged children and adolescents with higher levels of physical activity consume more beneficial foods and beverages compared to those with lower physical activity levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

13 pages, 576 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Combined Longitudinal Effect of Physical Activity and Screen Time on Food and Beverage Consumption in European Preschool Children: The ToyBox-Study

by María L. Miguel-Berges^1,2,*, Alba M. Santaliestra-Pasias^1,2,3,4

, Theodora Mouratidou¹, Pilar De Miguel-Etayo^1,2,4

, Odysseas Androutsos⁵, Marieke De Craemer⁶

, Sonya Galcheva⁷, Berthold Koletzko⁸

, Zbigniew Kulaga⁹

, Yannis Manios⁵, Luis A. Moreno^1,2,3,4

and on behalf of the ToyBox-study group

¹ Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain

² Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain

³ School of Health Science (EUCS), University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Saragossa, Spain

⁴ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain

⁵ Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece

⁶ Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium

⁷ Department of paediatrics. Medical University Varna, 55 Marin Drinov Str., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria

⁸ Dr von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, 80337 Munich, Germany

⁹ The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland

Nutrients 2019, 11(5), 1048; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051048 - 10 May 2019

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4905

Abstract

Lifestyle behavioral habits such as excess screen time (ST), a lack of physical activity (PA), and high energy-dense food consumption are associated with an increased risk of children being overweight or obese. This study aimed to (1) track longitudinal adherence to PA and [...] Read more.

Lifestyle behavioral habits such as excess screen time (ST), a lack of physical activity (PA), and high energy-dense food consumption are associated with an increased risk of children being overweight or obese. This study aimed to (1) track longitudinal adherence to PA and ST recommendations at baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1) and (2) assess the association between changes in adherence to PA and ST recommendations and food and beverage consumption at follow-up. The present study included 2321 preschool children (3.5 to 6) participating in the multicenter ToyBox-study. A lineal mixed effects model was used to examine the association between different types of food and beverages and their relationship with changes in adherence to PA and ST recommendations. Approximately half of the children (50.4%) did not meet the PA and ST recommendations at both baseline and follow-up. However, only 0.6% of the sample met both PA and ST recommendations. Preschool children who met both recommendations consumed fewer fizzy drinks, juices, sweets, desserts, and salty snacks and consumed more water, fruits and vegetables, and dairy products than did those not meeting both recommendations. In conclusion, the proportion of European preschool children adhering to both PA and ST recommendations was very low and was associated with a low consumption of energy-dense foods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 596 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Association of Infant Feeding Patterns with Taste Preferences in European Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Latent Profile Analysis

by Elida Sina^1,†

, Christoph Buck^1,†

, Hannah Jilani^1,2

, Michael Tornaritis³, Toomas Veidebaum⁴

, Paola Russo⁵, Luis A. Moreno⁶

, Denes Molnar⁷, Gabriele Eiben⁸

, Staffan Marild⁹, Valeria Pala¹⁰

, Wolfgang Ahrens^1,11

and Antje Hebestreit^1,*

¹ Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Achterstr. 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany

² Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research—IPP, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany

³ Research and Education Institute of Child Health, 2035 Lefcosia, Cyprus

⁴ Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, 11619 Tallin, Estonia

⁵ Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy

⁶ GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain

⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary

⁸ Department of Biomedicine and Public Health, School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, 54128 Skövde, Sweden

⁹ Department. of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden

¹⁰ Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy

¹¹ Faculty of Mathematics/Computer Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany

^† Shared first authorship.

Show full affiliation list Hide full affiliation list

Nutrients 2019, 11(5), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051040 - 9 May 2019

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 7023

Abstract

The aim was to investigate associations between the duration of infant feeding practices (FP) and taste preferences (TP) in European children and adolescents. A total of 5526 children (6–16 years old) of the I.Family study completed a Food and Beverage Preference Questionnaire to [...] Read more.

The aim was to investigate associations between the duration of infant feeding practices (FP) and taste preferences (TP) in European children and adolescents. A total of 5526 children (6–16 years old) of the I.Family study completed a Food and Beverage Preference Questionnaire to measure their preferences for sweet, fatty and bitter tastes. Mothers retrospectively reported the FPs duration in months: exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), exclusive formula milk feeding (EFMF), combined breastfeeding (BF&FMF) and the age at the introduction of complementary foods (CF). Using logistic regression analyses and latent class analysis (latent profiles of FP and CF were identified), we explored associations between profiles and TP, adjusting for various covariates, including the Healthy Diet Adherence Score (HDAS). A total of 48% of children had short durations of EBF (≤4 months) and BF&FMF (≤6 months) and were introduced to CF early (<6 months). No significant relationship was observed between the single FPs and TP, even when considering common profiles of FP. HDAS was inversely associated with sweet and fatty TP, but positively with bitter TP. Contrary to our hypotheses, we did not observe associations between FP and children’s TP later in life. Further studies with higher FP variation and longitudinal design are needed to investigate the causal associations between infant FP and taste preferences later in life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1055 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association of Breakfast Frequency and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Factors among Adolescents in Malaysia

by Norashikin Mustafa¹, Hazreen Abd Majid^2,3

, Zoi Toumpakari¹, Harriet Amy Carroll¹, Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin⁴

, Nabilla Al Sadat² and Laura Johnson^1,*

¹ Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UK

² Centre for Population Health (CePH) and Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

³ Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

⁴ Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Nutrients 2019, 11(5), 973; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11050973 - 28 Apr 2019

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 7545

Abstract

Breakfast frequency is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Western populations, possibly via the types of food eaten or the timing of food consumption, but associations in Malaysian adolescents are unknown. While the timing of breakfast is similar, the type of food [...] Read more.

Breakfast frequency is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Western populations, possibly via the types of food eaten or the timing of food consumption, but associations in Malaysian adolescents are unknown. While the timing of breakfast is similar, the type of food consumed at breakfast in Malaysia differs from Western diets, which allows novel insight into the mechanisms underlying breakfast–CVD risk associations. We investigated foods eaten for breakfast and associations between breakfast frequency and CVD risk factors in the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team study (MyHeARTs). Breakfast (frequency of any food/drink reported as breakfast in 7-day diet history interviews) and CVD risk factors (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were cross-sectionally associated using linear regression adjusting for potential confounders (n = 795, age 13 years). Twelve percent of adolescents never ate breakfast and 50% ate breakfast daily, containing mean (SD) 400 (±127) kilocalories. Commonly consumed breakfast foods were cereal-based dishes (primarily rice), confectionery (primarily sugar), hot/powdered drinks (primarily Milo), and high-fat milk (primarily sweetened condensed milk). After adjustment, each extra day of breakfast consumption per week was associated with a lower BMI (−0.34 kg/m², 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.02, −0.66), and serum total (−0.07 mmol/L 95% CI −0.02, −0.13) and LDL (−0.07 mmol/L 95% CI −0.02, −0.12) cholesterol concentrations. Eating daily breakfast in Malaysia was associated with slightly lower BMI and total and LDL cholesterol concentrations among adolescents. Longitudinal studies and randomized trials could further establish causality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1270 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Melanocortin-4 Receptor and Lipocalin 2 Gene Variants in Spanish Children with Abdominal Obesity: Effects on BMI-SDS after a Lifestyle Intervention

by Lydia Morell-Azanza^1,2, Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez^1,2, Johanna Giuranna³, Mª Cristina Azcona-SanJulián^2,4

, Johannes Hebebrand³, Amelia Marti^1,2,5,*

and Anke Hinney³

¹ Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, c/Irunlarrea, 1. 31008 Pamplona, Spain

² IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea, 3. 31008 Pamplona, Spain

³ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, D-45147 Essen, Germany

⁴ Department of Paediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, c/Piío XII, 36. 31008 Pamplona, Spain

⁵ Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. 28029 Madrid, Spain

Nutrients 2019, 11(5), 960; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11050960 - 26 Apr 2019

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4273

Abstract

Mutations leading to a reduced function of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) exert a major gene effect on extreme obesity. Recently it was shown that the bone derived hormone lipocalin 2 (LCN2) binds to the MC4R and activates a MC4R dependent anorexigenic pathway. We [...] Read more.

Mutations leading to a reduced function of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) exert a major gene effect on extreme obesity. Recently it was shown that the bone derived hormone lipocalin 2 (LCN2) binds to the MC4R and activates a MC4R dependent anorexigenic pathway. We identified mutations in both genes and screened the effects of MC4R and LCN2 mutations on eating behavior and weight change after a lifestyle intervention. One hundred and twelve children (11.24 ± 2.6 years, BMI-SDS 2.91 ± 1.07) with abdominal obesity participated in a lifestyle intervention. MC4R and LCN2 coding regions were screened by Sanger sequencing. Eating behavior was assessed at baseline with the Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). We detected three previously described non-synonymous MC4R variants (Glu42Lys, Thr150Ile, and Arg305Gln) and one non-synonymous polymorphism (Ile251Leu). Regarding LCN2, one known non-synonymous variant (Thr124Met) was detected. Eating behavior was described in carriers of the MC4R and LCN2 mutation and in non-carriers. MC4R and LCN2 mutations were detected in 2.42% and 0.84%, respectively, of Spanish children with abdominal obesity. A number of subjects with functional mutation variants in MC4R and LCN2 were able to achieve a reduction in BMI-SDS after a lifestyle intervention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 4044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Socioeconomic Disparities in Diet Vary According to Migration Status among Adolescents in Belgium

by Manon Rouche^1,*

, Bart de Clercq², Thérésa Lebacq^1,3, Maxim Dierckens², Nathalie Moreau^1,3

, Lucille Desbouys¹

, Isabelle Godin⁴ and Katia Castetbon^1,3

¹ Research Center in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1040 Brussels, Belgium

² Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University (UGent), 9000 Ghent, Belgium

³ Service d’Information Promotion Education Santé (SIPES), School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1040 Brussels, Belgium

⁴ Research Centre in Social Approaches to Health, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1040 Brussels, Belgium

Nutrients 2019, 11(4), 812; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040812 - 10 Apr 2019

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6049

Abstract

Little information concerning social disparities in adolescent dietary habits is currently available, especially regarding migration status. The aim of the present study was to estimate socioeconomic disparities in dietary habits of school adolescents from different migration backgrounds. In the 2014 cross-sectional “Health Behavior [...] Read more.

Little information concerning social disparities in adolescent dietary habits is currently available, especially regarding migration status. The aim of the present study was to estimate socioeconomic disparities in dietary habits of school adolescents from different migration backgrounds. In the 2014 cross-sectional “Health Behavior in School-Aged Children” survey in Belgium, food consumption was estimated using a self-administrated short food frequency questionnaire. In total, 19,172 school adolescents aged 10–19 years were included in analyses. Multilevel multiple binary and multinomial logistic regressions were performed, stratified by migration status (natives, 2nd- and 1st-generation immigrants). Overall, immigrants more frequently consumed both healthy and unhealthy foods. Indeed, 32.4% of 1st-generation immigrants, 26.5% of 2nd-generation immigrants, and 16.7% of natives consumed fish ≥two days a week. Compared to those having a high family affluence scale (FAS), adolescents with a low FAS were more likely to consume chips and fries ≥once a day (vs. <once a day: Natives aRRR = 1.39 (95%CI: 1.12–1.73); NS in immigrants). Immigrants at schools in Flanders were less likely than those in Brussels to consume sugar-sweetened beverages 2–6 days a week (vs. ≤once a week: Natives aRRR = 1.86 (95%CI: 1.32–2.62); 2nd-generation immigrants aRRR = 1.52 (1.11–2.09); NS in 1st-generation immigrants). The migration gradient observed here underlines a process of acculturation. Narrower socioeconomic disparities in immigrant dietary habits compared with natives suggest that such habits are primarily defined by culture of origin. Nutrition interventions should thus include cultural components of dietary habits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Different Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors Can Determine the Dietary Supplement Use in Children and Adolescents in Central-Eastern Poland

by Ewa Sicińska^*

, Barbara Pietruszka

, Olga Januszko and Joanna Kałuża

Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS—SGGW), 159c Nowoursynowska str., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

Nutrients 2019, 11(3), 658; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030658 - 18 Mar 2019

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4656

Abstract

Vitamin/mineral supplement (VMS) use has become increasingly popular in children and adolescents; however, different predictors may be associated with their usage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare determinants of VMS use in 1578 children and adolescents. Data was collected among [...] Read more.

Vitamin/mineral supplement (VMS) use has become increasingly popular in children and adolescents; however, different predictors may be associated with their usage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare determinants of VMS use in 1578 children and adolescents. Data was collected among parents of children (≤12 years old) and among adolescents (>12 years old) who attended public schools by a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for determining the predictors of VMS use. In children, the following determinants of VMS use were indicated: socioeconomic status (average vs. very good/good; OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.16–2.48), physical activity (1–5 vs. <1 h/week; OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.02–2.04), BMI (≥25 vs. 18.5–24.9 kg/m²; OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46–0.98), and presence of chronic diseases (yes vs. no; OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.46–3.69). In adolescents, gender (male vs. female; OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37–0.87), residential area (rural vs. urban; OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40–0.99), BMI (<18.5 vs. 18.5–24.9 kg/m²; OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17–0.73), and health status (average/poor vs. at least good; OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.13–3.39) were factors of VMS use. In both groups, the mother’s higher educational level, fortified food consumption and diet modification towards better food choices were predictors of VMS use. In conclusion, most of the predictors of VMS use were different in children and adolescents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 256 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Family Mealtime Observation Study (FaMOS): Exploring the Role of Family Functioning in the Association between Mothers’ and Fathers’ Food Parenting Practices and Children’s Nutrition Risk

by Kathryn Walton^1,*, Emma Haycraft²

, Kira Jewell³, Andrea Breen³, Janis Randall Simpson³ and Jess Haines³

¹ Department of Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada

² School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK

³ Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada

Nutrients 2019, 11(3), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030630 - 15 Mar 2019

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5537

Abstract

This cross-sectional study explores associations between mothers’ and fathers’ food parenting practices and children’s nutrition risk, while examining whether family functioning modifies or confounds the association. Home observations assessed parents’ food parenting practices during dinnertime (n = 73 families with preschoolers). Children’s [...] Read more.

This cross-sectional study explores associations between mothers’ and fathers’ food parenting practices and children’s nutrition risk, while examining whether family functioning modifies or confounds the association. Home observations assessed parents’ food parenting practices during dinnertime (n = 73 families with preschoolers). Children’s nutrition risk was calculated using NutriSTEP^®. Linear regression models examined associations between food parenting practices and NutriSTEP^® scores. An interaction term (family functioning × food parenting practice) explored effect modification; models were adjusted for family functioning to explore confounding. Among mothers, more frequent physical food restriction was associated with higher nutrition risk in their children (β = 0.40 NutriSTEP^® points, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 2.30, 7.58) and among both mothers and fathers, positive comments about the target child’s food were associated with lower nutrition risk (mothers: β = −0.31 NutriSTEP^® points, 95% CI = −0.54, −0.08; fathers: β = −0.27 NutriSTEP^® points, 95% CI = −0.75, −0.01) in models adjusted for parent education and child Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score. Family functioning did not modify these associations and they remained significant after adjustment for family functioning. Helping parents to use positive encouragement rather than restriction may help to reduce their children’s nutrition risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

20 pages, 879 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clustering of Multiple Energy Balance-Related Behaviors in School Children and its Association with Overweight and Obesity—WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI 2015–2017)

by Silvia Bel-Serrat^1,*, Ana Ojeda-Rodríguez^1,2, Mirjam M. Heinen¹

, Marta Buoncristiano³, Shynar Abdrakhmanova⁴

, Vesselka Duleva⁵, Victoria Farrugia Sant’Angelo⁶, Anna Fijałkowska⁷, Tatjana Hejgaard⁸, Constanta Huidumac⁹, Jolanda Hyska¹⁰, Enisa Kujundzic¹¹

, Sanja Musić Milanović^12,13, Guljemal Ovezmyradova¹⁴, Napoleón Pérez-Farinós¹⁵, Ausra Petrauskiene¹⁶, Ana Isabel Rito¹⁷, Lela Shengelia¹⁸, Radka Taxová Braunerová¹⁹, Harry Rutter²⁰

, Celine M. Murrin¹

, Cecily C. Kelleher¹ and João Breda³

Show full author list Hide full author list

¹ National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D4 Dublin, Ireland

² Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain

³ Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-course, WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, 125009 Moscow, Russia

⁴ National Center of Public Health, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan

⁵ National Center of Public Health and Analyses, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria

⁶ Primary Health Care, 1940 Floriana, Malta

⁷ Department of Cardiology, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland

⁸ Danish Health Authority,2300 København, Denmark

⁹ National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania

¹⁰ Institute of Public Health, 1001 Tirana, Albania

¹¹ Institute of Public Health of Montenegro, 8100 Podgorica, Montenegro

¹² Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

¹³ School of Medicine, School of Public Health Andrija Štampar, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

¹⁴ WHO Country Office in Turkmenistan, 744000 Ashgabat, Turkmenistan

¹⁵ Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN), 28071 Madrid, Spain

¹⁶ Department of Preventive Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania

¹⁷ National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P., 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal

¹⁸ National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia, 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia

¹⁹ Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, 113 94 Prague, Czech Republic

²⁰ Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK

Show full affiliation list Hide full affiliation list

Nutrients 2019, 11(3), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030511 - 27 Feb 2019

Cited by 46 | Viewed by 8113

Abstract

It is unclear how dietary, physical activity and sedentary behaviors co-occur in school-aged children. We investigated the clustering of energy balance-related behaviors and whether the identified clusters were associated with weight status. Participants were 6- to 9-year-old children (n = 63,215, 49.9% [...] Read more.

It is unclear how dietary, physical activity and sedentary behaviors co-occur in school-aged children. We investigated the clustering of energy balance-related behaviors and whether the identified clusters were associated with weight status. Participants were 6- to 9-year-old children (n = 63,215, 49.9% girls) from 19 countries participating in the fourth round (2015/2017) of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative. Energy balance-related behaviors were parentally reported. Weight and height were objectively measured. We performed cluster analysis separately per group of countries (North Europe, East Europe, South Europe/Mediterranean countries and West-Central Asia). Seven clusters were identified in each group. Healthier clusters were common across groups. The pattern of distribution of healthy and unhealthy behaviors within each cluster was group specific. Associations between the clustering of energy balance-related behaviors and weight status varied per group. In South Europe/Mediterranean countries and East Europe, all or most of the cluster solutions were associated with higher risk of overweight/obesity when compared with the cluster ‘Physically active and healthy diet’. Few or no associations were observed in North Europe and West-Central Asia, respectively. These findings support the hypothesis that unfavorable weight status is associated with a particular combination of energy balance-related behavior patterns, but only in some groups of countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 681 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Associated Factors in School-Going Adolescents of New Caledonia

by Guillaume Wattelez, Stéphane Frayon

, Yolande Cavaloc, Sophie Cherrier, Yannick Lerrant and Olivier Galy^*

Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, EA 7483, University of New Caledonia, Noumea BP R4 98851, New Caledonia

Nutrients 2019, 11(2), 452; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020452 - 21 Feb 2019

Cited by 29 | Viewed by 5856

Abstract

This cross-sectional study assessed sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and its associations with the sociodemographic and physical characteristics, behavior and knowledge of New Caledonian adolescents. The survey data of 447 adolescents from ages 11 to 16 years were collected in five secondary public schools [...] Read more.

This cross-sectional study assessed sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and its associations with the sociodemographic and physical characteristics, behavior and knowledge of New Caledonian adolescents. The survey data of 447 adolescents from ages 11 to 16 years were collected in five secondary public schools of New Caledonia between July 2015 and April 2016. These data included measured height and weight, SSB consumption, sociodemographic characteristics, body weight perception, physical activity, and knowledge (sugar quantity/SSB unit; energy expenditure required to eliminate a unit) and opinions about the SSB‒weight gain relationship. Ninety percent of these adolescents declared regularly drinking SSBs. Quantities were associated with living environment (1.94 L·week⁻¹ in urban environment vs. 4.49 L·week⁻¹ in rural environment, p = 0.001), ethnic community (4.77 L·week⁻¹ in Melanesians vs. 2.46 L·week⁻¹ in Caucasians, p < 0.001) and knowledge about energy expenditure (6.22 L·week⁻¹ in unknowledgeable adolescents vs. 4.26 L·week⁻¹ in adolescents who underestimated, 3.73 L·week⁻¹ in adolescents who overestimated, and 3.64 L·week⁻¹ in adolescents who correctly responded on the energy expenditure required to eliminate an SSB unit, p = 0.033). To conclude, community-based health promotion strategies should (1) focus on the physical effort needed to negate SSB consumption rather than the nutritional energy from SSB units and (2) highlight how to achieve sustainable lifestyles and provide tools for greater understanding and positive action. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 542 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of a Quality Score for the Home Food Environment Using the Home-IDEA2 and the Healthy Eating Index-2010

by Sarah K. Hibbs-Shipp¹, Richard E. Boles², Susan L. Johnson²

, Morgan L. McCloskey¹, Savannah Hobbs¹ and Laura L. Bellows^1,*

¹ Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA

² Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA

Nutrients 2019, 11(2), 372; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020372 - 12 Feb 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4901

Abstract

The home food environment (HFE) is an important factor in the development of food preferences and habits in young children, and the availability of foods within the home reflects dietary intake in both adults and children. Therefore, it is important to consider the [...] Read more.

The home food environment (HFE) is an important factor in the development of food preferences and habits in young children, and the availability of foods within the home reflects dietary intake in both adults and children. Therefore, it is important to consider the holistic quality of the HFE. The purpose of this study was to apply the Healthy Eating Index (HEI; a measure of diet quality in conformance to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans) algorithm to the Home-IDEA2, a valid and reliable food inventory checklist, to develop a Home-IDEA2 HEI Score. After an initial score was developed, it was psychometrically tested for content, criterion, and construct validity. Content validity testing resulted in 104 foods being retained. Internal criterion testing demonstrated that 42 foods (40%) changed component scores by >5%; however, no single food changed a total Home-IDEA2 HEI score by >5%. Testing of hypothetical HFEs resulted in a range of scores in the expected directions, establishing sensitivity to varied HFEs. This study resulted in a validated methodology to assess the overall quality of the HFE, thus contributing a novel approach for examining home food environments. Future research can test interventions modifying the HFE quality to improve individual dietary intake. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 341 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Emotional Eating, Health Behaviours, and Obesity in Children: A 12-Country Cross-Sectional Study

by Elli Jalo^1,*

, Hanna Konttinen^1,2, Henna Vepsäläinen¹

, Jean-Philippe Chaput³

, Gang Hu⁴

, Carol Maher⁵, José Maia⁶

, Olga L. Sarmiento⁷

, Martyn Standage⁸, Catrine Tudor-Locke⁹, Peter T. Katzmarzyk⁴ and Mikael Fogelholm¹

¹ Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland

² Sociology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland

³ Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada

⁴ Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA

⁵ Alliance for Research In Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia

⁶ CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal

⁷ School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia

⁸ Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK

⁹ Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA

Nutrients 2019, 11(2), 351; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020351 - 7 Feb 2019

Cited by 48 | Viewed by 9612

Abstract

Eating in response to negative emotions (emotional eating, EE) may predispose an individual to obesity. Yet, it is not well known how EE in children is associated with body mass index (BMI) and health behaviours (i.e., diet, physical activity, sleep, and TV-viewing). In [...] Read more.

Eating in response to negative emotions (emotional eating, EE) may predispose an individual to obesity. Yet, it is not well known how EE in children is associated with body mass index (BMI) and health behaviours (i.e., diet, physical activity, sleep, and TV-viewing). In the present study, we examined these associations in a cross-sectional sample of 5426 (54% girls) 9–11-year-old children from 12 countries and five continents. EE, food consumption, and TV-viewing were measured using self-administered questionnaires, and physical activity and nocturnal sleep duration were measured with accelerometers. BMI was calculated using measured weights and heights. EE factor scores were computed using confirmatory factor analysis, and dietary patterns were identified using principal components analysis. The associations of EE with health behaviours and BMI z-scores were analyzed using multilevel models including age, gender, and household income as covariates. EE was positively and consistently (across 12 study sites) associated with an unhealthy dietary pattern (β = 0.29, SE = 0.02, p < 0.0001), suggesting that the association is not restricted to Western countries. Positive associations between EE and physical activity and TV viewing were not consistent across sites. Results tended to be similar in boys and girls. EE was unrelated to BMI in this sample, but prospective studies are needed to determine whether higher EE in children predicts the development of undesirable dietary patterns and obesity over time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

12 pages, 690 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Effect of a Growing up Milk Lite vs. Cow’s Milk on Diet Quality and Dietary Intakes in Early Childhood: The Growing up Milk Lite (GUMLi) Randomised Controlled Trial

by Amy L. Lovell^1,*

, Tania Milne², Yannan Jiang³, Rachel X. Chen³

, Cameron C. Grant^4,5,6

and Clare R. Wall¹

¹ Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand

² Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand

³ Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand

⁴ Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Grafton 1023, New Zealand

⁵ Centre for Longitudinal Research He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland 1743, New Zealand

⁶ General Paediatrics, Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand

Nutrients 2019, 11(1), 203; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010203 - 20 Jan 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5828

Abstract

Summary scores provide an alternative approach to measuring dietary quality. The Growing Up Milk-Lite (GUMLi) Trial was a multi-centre, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial of children randomised to receive a reduced protein GUM (GUMLi) or unfortified cow’s milk (CM). In a secondary analysis of [...] Read more.

Summary scores provide an alternative approach to measuring dietary quality. The Growing Up Milk-Lite (GUMLi) Trial was a multi-centre, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial of children randomised to receive a reduced protein GUM (GUMLi) or unfortified cow’s milk (CM). In a secondary analysis of the GUMLi Trial, we used the Probability of Adequate Nutrient Intake (PANDiet) to determine the nutritional adequacy of the diets of participating children living in Auckland. The PANDiet was adapted to the New Zealand Nutrient Reference Values and data from four 24 h Recalls (24HR) collected at months 7, 8, 10, and 11 post-randomisation were used. Differences between randomised groups (GUMLi vs. CM) of the PANDiet and its components were made. Eighty-three Auckland participants were included in the study (GUMLi n = 41 vs. CM n = 42). Total PANDiet scores were significantly higher in the GUMLi group (p < 0.001), indicating better overall nutrient adequacy and diet quality. Dietary intakes of children in both groups met the recommendations for fat, total carbohydrates and most micronutrients; however, protein intakes exceeded recommendations. Consumption of GUMLi was associated with higher nutritional adequacy, with an increased likelihood of meeting nutrient requirements; however, the impact of the family diet and GUMLi on dietary diversity requires further evaluation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 256 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Parents’ Reports of Preschoolers’ Diets: Relative Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire and Dietary Patterns

by Liisa Korkalo^1,†

, Henna Vepsäläinen^1,*,†

, Carola Ray², Essi Skaffari¹, Reetta Lehto², Helena Henrietta Hauta-alus³

, Kaija Nissinen⁴, Jelena Meinilä^2,5, Eva Roos^2,6

and Maijaliisa Erkkola¹

¹ Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland

² Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250 Helsinki, Finland

³ Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2 C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland

⁴ Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Kampusranta 11, 60101 Seinäjoki, Finland

⁵ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 22, 00014 Helsinki, Finland

⁶ Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland

^† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Nutrients 2019, 11(1), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010159 - 13 Jan 2019

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5914

Abstract

The accurate assessment of food consumption is crucial in nutritional studies. Since modern nutrition science has become more interested in diet as a whole, studies validating food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and exploratory dietary patterns are needed. We aimed at examining the relative validity [...] Read more.

The accurate assessment of food consumption is crucial in nutritional studies. Since modern nutrition science has become more interested in diet as a whole, studies validating food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and exploratory dietary patterns are needed. We aimed at examining the relative validity of a 47-item FFQ against three-day food records among three- to six-year-old Finnish children, as well as investigating the consistency of the dietary patterns derived using the principal component analysis (PCA), with food record and FFQ data as inputs. We conducted the PCA without forcing the food record data to match the FFQ items. Altogether, 75% or more of the participants were classified into the same or adjacent quarter of vegetables and fruits as well as sugary food consumption. Furthermore, the intake of folate and vitamin C increased linearly in the quarters of vegetable and fruit consumption, as did the intake of sucrose in quarters of sugary food consumption. Three fairly similar dietary patterns were identified from food records and FFQ data. Concerning the patterns, more than 70% of the participants were classified into the same or adjacent quarter. However, the Spearman correlation coefficients between the respective pattern scores were low (0.25–0.33). The FFQ showed acceptable validity when ranking food group consumption compared to food records. Additionally, the FFQ-derived dietary patterns were consistent with those derived using food record data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

19 pages, 983 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Patterns in Primary School are of Prospective Relevance for the Development of Body Composition in Two German Pediatric Populations

by Maike Wolters^1,*,†

, Gesa Joslowski^2,†, Sandra Plachta-Danielzik³, Marie Standl⁴, Manfred J. Müller³, Wolfgang Ahrens¹

and Anette E. Buyken^2,5

¹ Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Department: Epidemiological Methods and Etiologic Research, Achterstr. 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany

² IEL—Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany

³ Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, Germany

⁴ Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany

⁵ Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Science, University Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany

^† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Nutrients 2018, 10(10), 1442; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101442 - 5 Oct 2018

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5209

Abstract

This study performed comparative analyses in two pediatric cohorts to identify dietary patterns during primary school years and examined their relevance to body composition development. Nutritional and anthropometric data at the beginning of primary school and two or four years later were available [...] Read more.

This study performed comparative analyses in two pediatric cohorts to identify dietary patterns during primary school years and examined their relevance to body composition development. Nutritional and anthropometric data at the beginning of primary school and two or four years later were available from 298 and 372 participants of IDEFICS-Germany (Identification and prevention of Dietary-induced and lifestyle-induced health Effects In Children and infants Study) and the KOPS (Kiel Obesity Prevention Study) cohort, respectively. Principal component analyses (PCA) and reduced rank regression (RRR) were used to identify dietary patterns at baseline and patterns of change in food group intake during primary school years. RRR extracted patterns explaining variations in changes in body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), and waist-to-height-ratio (WtHR). Associations between pattern adherence and excess gain in BMI, FMI, or WtHR (>75th percentile) during primary school years were examined using logistic regression. Among PCA patterns, only a change towards a more Mediterranean food choice during primary school years were associated with a favorable body composition development in IDEFICS-Germany (p < 0.05). In KOPS, RRR patterns characterized by a frequent consumption of fast foods or starchy carbohydrate foods were consistently associated with an excess gain in BMI and WtHR (all p < 0.005). In IDEFICS-Germany, excess gain in BMI, FMI, and WtHR were predicted by a frequent consumption of nuts, meat, and pizza at baseline and a decrease in the consumption frequency of protein sources and snack carbohydrates during primary school years (all p < 0.01). The study confirms an adverse impact of fast food consumption on body composition during primary school years. Combinations of protein and carbohydrate sources deserve further investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

24 pages, 1637 KiB

Open AccessReview

International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE): Contributions to Understanding the Global Obesity Epidemic

by Peter T. Katzmarzyk^1,*, Jean-Philippe Chaput²

, Mikael Fogelholm³

, Gang Hu¹

, Carol Maher⁴, Jose Maia⁵

, Timothy Olds⁴

, Olga L. Sarmiento⁶

, Martyn Standage⁷

, Mark S. Tremblay² and Catrine Tudor-Locke⁸

¹ Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA

² Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada

³ Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland

⁴ School of Health Sciences, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia

⁵ Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal

⁶ School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 11001000, Colombia

⁷ Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK

⁸ Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA

Nutrients 2019, 11(4), 848; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040848 - 15 Apr 2019

Cited by 60 | Viewed by 15007

Abstract

The purpose of this review is to summarize the scientific contributions of the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) in extending our understanding about obesity in children from around the world. ISCOLE was a multi-national study of 9 to [...] Read more.

The purpose of this review is to summarize the scientific contributions of the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) in extending our understanding about obesity in children from around the world. ISCOLE was a multi-national study of 9 to 11 year-old children from sites in 12 countries from all inhabited continents. The primary purpose was to investigate relationships between lifestyle behaviors and obesity, and the influence of higher-order characteristics such as behavioral settings, and physical, social and policy environments. ISCOLE has made several advances in scientific methodology related to the assessment of physical activity, dietary behavior, sleep and the neighborhood and school environments. Furthermore, ISCOLE has provided important evidence on (1) epidemiological transitions in obesity and related behaviors, (2) correlates of obesity and lifestyle behaviors at the individual, neighborhood and school levels, and (3) 24-h movement behaviors in relation to novel analytical techniques. A key feature of ISCOLE was the development of a platform for international training, data entry, and data quality for multi-country studies. Finally, ISCOLE represents a transparent model for future public-private research partnerships across low, middle and high-income countries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 900 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Interventions Aimed at Increasing Dairy and/or Calcium Consumption of Preschool-Aged Children: A Systematic Literature Review

by Victoria Srbely¹, Imtisal Janjua², Andrea C. Buchholz³ and Genevieve Newton^1,*

¹ Department of Human Health & Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada

² Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada

³ Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada

Nutrients 2019, 11(4), 714; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040714 - 27 Mar 2019

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5140

Abstract

Dairy product consumption is important during childhood, as dairy products provide nutrients to support growth and development. However, a high proportion of children globally are not meeting recommended daily intakes, which may have long-term health implications. Accumulating evidence suggests that interventions aimed at [...] Read more.

Dairy product consumption is important during childhood, as dairy products provide nutrients to support growth and development. However, a high proportion of children globally are not meeting recommended daily intakes, which may have long-term health implications. Accumulating evidence suggests that interventions aimed at instilling healthy lifestyle habits are most effective when initiated during the preschool years. Therefore, the purpose of the review was to identify the characteristics of effective dairy and/or calcium interventions targeting preschool-aged children. A systematic literature review identified 14 intervention studies published between 1998–2018 addressing dairy/calcium intakes in the preschool population (1.5 to 5 years). Intervention reporting was assessed using intervention intensity, behavior change techniques and Workgroup for Intervention Development and Evaluation Research (WIDER), with the quality of studies evaluated using risk of bias and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Five of the 14 studies included in the review reported significant improvements in children’s dairy (4/5) or calcium (1/5) intake. Characteristics that may enable intervention effectiveness include the delivery of interventions in one setting (preschool facility), using specific behavior change techniques (environmental restructuring and teach to use prompts/cues), and targeting both parent and child. Overall, the interventions assessed demonstrated variable success and highlighted the need for developing effective interventions designed to increase dairy and/or calcium intakes in preschool-aged children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 424 KiB

Open AccessReview

Design, Development and Construct Validation of the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index

by Samira Khan^1,2, Michael D. Wirth^1,2,3,4, Andrew Ortaglia³, Christian R. Alvarado^1,3, Nitin Shivappa^1,2,3, Thomas G. Hurley^1,2 and James R. Hebert^1,2,3,*

¹ Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CPCP), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA

² Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA

³ Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA

⁴ College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA

Nutrients 2018, 10(8), 993; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10080993 - 30 Jul 2018

Cited by 61 | Viewed by 8256

Abstract

Objective: To design and validate a literature-derived, population-based Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII)^TM. Design: The C-DII was developed based on a review of literature through 2010. Dietary data obtained from children in 16 different countries were used to create a reference [...] Read more.

Objective: To design and validate a literature-derived, population-based Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII)^TM. Design: The C-DII was developed based on a review of literature through 2010. Dietary data obtained from children in 16 different countries were used to create a reference database for computing C-DII scores based on consumption of macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and whole foods. Construct validation was performed using quantile regression to assess the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and C-DII scores. Data Sources: All data used for construct validation were obtained from children between six and 14 years of age (n = 3300) who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005–2010). Results: The C-DII was successfully validated with blood CRP concentrations in this heterogeneous sample of 3300 children from NHANES (52% male; 29% African American, 25% Mexican American; mean age 11 years). The final model was adjusted for sex, age, race, asthma, body mass index (BMI), and infections. Children in level 3 (i.e., quartiles 3 and 4 combined) of the C-DII (i.e., children with the most pro-inflammatory diets) had a CRP value 0.097 mg/dL higher than that in level 1 (i.e., quartile 1) for CRP values at the 75th percentile of CRP using quantile regression (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The C-DII predicted blood CRP concentrations among children 6–14 years in the NHANES. Further construct validation with CRP and other inflammatory markers is required to deepen understanding of the relationship between the C-DII and markers of inflammation in children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents)

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (22 papers)

Editorial

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI