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Dear Colleagues,

Calcium phosphate-based nanostructured materials have a significant relevance in several research fields, and in particular in biomaterials and the conservation of cultural heritage.

In fact, calcium phosphates have unique properties that make them suitable for a variety of applications in different environmental conditions. In addition, they can easily accommodate foreign ions, which can significantly alter their morphology, lattice parameters, and physical-mechanical properties and can have important biological role, i.e., can impart antimicrobial properties, favor osseointegration, etc.

These ion substitutions can be desired or can derive from substrate contaminations, which is an important aspect to be evaluated for application to cultural heritage conservation.

Nanostructuration is also important, as it permits the regulation of the dissolution profile, microbial/cells adhesion and, eventually, drug delivery profile.

The aim of this Special Issue is to document the current advances and the future perspectives in the field of calcium phosphates-based nanostructured materials, and their fields of application.

The topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

Calcium phosphates in biomedicine and cultural heritage conservation
Synthesis or deposition of calcium phosphate nanostructured coatings and their applications
Functionalized calcium phosphates
Relevance of specific ion substitutions (e.g., magnesium, strontium, silver, copper, zinc, etc.) on the properties and/or the behavior of ion-substituted calcium phosphates.
Advanced characterization techniques to investigate the properties of the nanostructured materials (composition, morphology, mechanical properties, solubility, crystallinity, ion release in different media, etc.).

Dr. Gabriela Graziani
Prof. Dr. Elisa Boanini
Guest Editors

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Keywords

calcium phosphates
nanostructured coatings
nanoparticles
orthopaedics
dentistry
craniofacial surgery
cultural heritage
stone conservation

Published Papers (1 paper)

Research

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Synthesis Conditions on Gadolinium-Substituted Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics and Its Physicochemical, Biological, and Antibacterial Properties

Margarita A. Sadovnikova

and

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(5), 852; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12050852 - 03 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 761

Abstract

Gadolinium-containing calcium phosphates are promising contrast agents for various bioimaging modalities. Gadolinium-substituted tricalcium phosphate (TCP) powders with 0.51 wt% of gadolinium (0.01Gd-TCP) and 5.06 wt% of (0.1Gd-TCP) were synthesized by two methods: precipitation from aqueous solutions of salts (1) (Gd-TCP-pc) and mechano-chemical activation (2) (Gd-TCP-ma). The phase composition of the product depends on the synthesis method. The product of synthesis (1) was composed of β-TCP (main phase, 96%), apatite/chlorapatite (2%), and calcium pyrophosphate (2%), after heat treatment at 900 °C. The product of synthesis (2) was represented by β-TCP (main phase, 73%), apatite/chlorapatite (20%), and calcium pyrophosphate (7%), after heat treatment at 900 °C. The substitution of Ca²⁺ ions by Gd³⁺ in both β-TCP (main phase) and apatite (admixture) phases was proved by the electron paramagnetic resonance technique. The thermal stability and specific surface area of the Gd-TCP powders synthesized by two methods were significantly different. The method of synthesis also influenced the size and morphology of the prepared Gd-TCP powders. In the case of synthesis route (1), powders with particle sizes of tens of nanometers were obtained, while in the case of synthesis (2), the particle size was hundreds of nanometers, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. The Gd-TCP ceramics microstructure investigated by scanning electron microscopy was different depending on the synthesis route. In the case of (1), ceramics with grains of 1–50 μm, pore sizes of 1–10 µm, and a bending strength of about 30 MPa were obtained; in the case of (2), the ceramics grain size was 0.4–1.4 μm, the pore size was 2 µm, and a bending strength of about 39 MPa was prepared. The antimicrobial activity of powders was tested for four bacteria (S. aureus, E. coli, S. typhimurium, and E. faecalis) and one fungus (C. albicans), and there was roughly 30% of inhibition of the micro-organism’s growth. The metabolic activity of the NCTC L929 cell and viability of the human dental pulp stem cell study demonstrated the absence of toxic effects for all the prepared ceramic materials doped with Gd ions, with no difference for the synthesis route. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Calcium Phosphates-Based Nanostructured Materials in Biomedicine and Cultural Heritage Conservation)

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