Key Scientific Issues and Intelligent Regulation in Non-Ferrous Metal Production and Smelting Processes

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 664

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Interests: resource utilization; extractive metallurgy; concentrate; separation and purification; sulphide mineral; matte; short process metallurgy
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Guest Editor
Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Interests: metallurgical process simulation and intelligence; energy storage materials; semiconductor material

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Driven by increasing resource constraints and the goals of green and low-carbon development, non-ferrous metal production and smelting processes are facing multiple challenges related to efficiency improvement, process optimization, and comprehensive resource utilization. Smelting processes involve complex thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors, multiphase reactions, and interfacial transport phenomena. A fundamental understanding of these mechanisms, together with effective process regulation, directly determines metal yield, energy consumption, and the recovery efficiency of associated metals. Meanwhile, the limitations of conventional smelting routes in terms of energy efficiency, environmental impact, and resource utilization have become increasingly evident, highlighting the urgent need for coordinated breakthroughs at both the fundamental scientific and engineering levels.

This Special Issue focuses on key scientific issues and intelligent regulation technologies in non-ferrous metal production and smelting processes. Topics of interest include the thermodynamic and kinetic fundamentals of non-ferrous smelting, electrometallurgy, hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes, the development of novel smelting technologies and short-process preparation routes, as well as the efficient recovery and comprehensive utilization of associated metals during smelting. In addition, this Special Issue seeks to address data-driven and model-integrated intelligent regulation methods for smelting processes, along with clean treatment and resource recovery technologies for metallurgical solid wastes.

We sincerely invite researchers and engineers working in non-ferrous metallurgy, process engineering, resource utilization, and intelligent manufacturing to contribute to this Special Issue, with the aim of advancing theories, technologies, and intelligent regulation methods for non-ferrous metal production and smelting, and promoting the industrial application of related research outcomes.

Prof. Dr. Jia Yang
Prof. Dr. Yanqing Hou
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • thermodynamics and kinetics of non-ferrous metal smelting
  • electrometallurgy
  • hydrometallurgy
  • pyrometallurgy
  • novel smelting technologies
  • intelligent regulation and control
  • short-process preparation technologies
  • efficient recovery and utilization of associated metals
  • clean treatment and recycling technologies for metallurgical solid wastes

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 1856 KB  
Article
Element Distribution Behavior and Thermodynamics in Top-Blown Oxygen-Enriched Lead Smelting Processes
by Yujia Zhang, Huizhe Liu, Ni Yang, Bo Yang, Yanqing Hou and Gang Xie
Metals 2026, 16(3), 313; https://doi.org/10.3390/met16030313 - 11 Mar 2026
Viewed by 454
Abstract
Based on industrial production data, the distribution patterns of elements in the oxygen-enriched top-blown Isa smelting process for lead were studied. The focus was on investigating the thermodynamic effects of different slag types and oxygen-enrichment levels on lead content in slag, and analyzing [...] Read more.
Based on industrial production data, the distribution patterns of elements in the oxygen-enriched top-blown Isa smelting process for lead were studied. The focus was on investigating the thermodynamic effects of different slag types and oxygen-enrichment levels on lead content in slag, and analyzing the equilibrium distribution of Pb, S, Fe, and Zn between slag and gas phases in different slag systems, thereby enabling the optimization of the smelting process and improving the lead grade in the slag phase. The optimized parameters obtained from simulation calculations were applied to the actual oxygen-enriched top-blown Isa lead smelting process. The results show that the most suitable smelting parameters are: CaO content of 3.5–4%, SiO2 content of 5.5–6%, SiO2/Fe ratio of approximately 0.9, CaO/SiO2 ratio of approximately 0.3, and oxygen-enrichment level maintained at around 60%. Under these conditions, the lead grade in the slag phase is approximately 50%, representing a relative increase of about 8% compared to that before optimization. Full article
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