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Clinical Translation of Technological Innovations in Diabetes Therapeutics

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Dr. Nowreen Haq

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University of Maryland Affiliated Practice, Baltimore, and Luminis Healthcare Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
Interests: diabetes and obesity care innovation; artificial intelligence based healthcare solutions; internet of things (IoT) platforms; point-of-care endocrine diagnostic assays; portable health technologies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global diabetes epidemic, projected to affect 783 million people by 2045, demands innovative technologies with which to improve management and reduce complications. Challenges include delayed glycemic monitoring, limited real-time data access in remote settings, and high healthcare costs.

This Special Issue, "Clinical Translation of Technological Innovations in Diabetes Therapeutics”, aims to highlight breakthroughs in remote patient monitoring (RPM) and diagnostics within clinical practice.

We invite submissions on AI/ML-driven platforms for predictive glycemic control with a clinical perspective and clinical innovation in diabetes management. The scope encompasses clinical trials and interdisciplinary innovations bridging engineering and medicine. By showcasing scalable, patient-centered solutions, we aim to enhance diabetes management in diverse settings. Join us in mobilizing researchers, clinicians, and industry leaders to advance diabetes management through cutting-edge technology.

Dr. Nowreen Haq
Guest Editor

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Research

11 pages, 432 KB

Open AccessArticle

Guts, Glucose, and Gallbladders: The Protective Role of GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonists Against Biliary Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

by Muhammad Ali Ibrahim Kazi, Sanmeet Singh and Nowreen Haq

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(24), 8882; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14248882 - 16 Dec 2025

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Abstract

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) face elevated risk of hepatobiliary complications. The biliary safety of GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists in this population is uncertain. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TrinetX LIVE global health research network. Adults (≥18 years) with coexisting T2DM and IBD were assigned to exposure (semaglutide or tirzepatide) or comparator (no GLP-1/GIP therapy) cohorts. The index was first prescription (or matched date). Primary outcomes—cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, and cholangitis—were identified by ICD-10 codes. Propensity score matching (1:1 greedy nearest neighbor; caliper 0.1 SD) balanced demographics, comorbidities, GI surgeries, and antidiabetic medications. Results: After propensity score matching, 32,052 patients were included (16,026 per cohort), achieving excellent covariate balance with standardized mean differences < 0.1 for nearly all variables. GLP-1/GIP agonist use was associated with significantly lower risks of multiple biliary complications. Cholelithiasis occurred in 3.5% of GLP-1/GIP users compared with 6.3% of nonusers (risk ratio [RR] 1.81, 95% CI 1.64–2.00; hazard ratio [HR] 1.27, 95% CI 1.14–1.41; p < 0.001). Cholecystitis similarly occurred less frequently among users (0.8% vs. 2.2%; RR 2.74, 95% CI 2.24–3.34; HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.50–2.27; p < 0.001). Choledocholithiasis was also reduced in the GLP-1/GIP cohort (0.6% vs. 1.5%; RR 2.72, 95% CI 2.14–3.46; HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.48–2.44; p < 0.001). Cholangitis events were rare in both groups (0.1% vs. 0.2%) with no significant difference on survival analysis (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.58–1.97; p = 0.08). Conclusions: In adults with T2DM and IBD, GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists are associated with substantially reduced risks of gallstone-related complications. These real-world data support the gastrointestinal safety of GLP-1–based therapy in a high-risk population and suggest possible biliary protective effects warranting prospective, agent-specific studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Translation of Technological Innovations in Diabetes Therapeutics)

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8 pages, 633 KB

Open AccessArticle

Optimizing Perioperative Glycaemic Control with Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregestational Diabetes: Feasibility and Comparative Analysis of Two Systems: A Pilot Study

by Joanna Kacperczyk-Bartnik, Aleksandra Urban, Paweł Bartnik, Piotr Świderczak, Aneta Malinowska-Polubiec, Aleksandra Bender, Ewa Romejko-Wolniewicz, Krzysztof Czajkowski and Jacek Sieńko

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(18), 6670; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14186670 - 22 Sep 2025

Viewed by 949

Abstract

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has changed the clinical practice in diabetes management during pregnancy; however, its application during caesarean section remains understudied. This feasibility study evaluates the performance, reliability, and clinical utility of two CGM systems—FreeStyle Libre 2 and Medtronic Guardian Connect—during caesarean delivery and the early postpartum period in a patient with pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM). Methods: A prospective, single-patient study was conducted. A 32-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes underwent elective caesarean section at 38 weeks of gestation. Both CGM systems were applied over 18 h prior to surgery and monitored continuously through the intraoperative and five-day postpartum period. Glucose data, device performance, and usability were assessed. Results: Both CGM systems provided uninterrupted, high-quality glucose data throughout the perioperative period, including during spinal anaesthesia, surgical manipulation, and postoperative recovery. No sensor displacement nor signal loss occurred. Glycaemic readings remained within the normoglycaemic range (90–100 mg/dL) during surgery, with mild elevations observed during anaesthesia initiation. Postoperatively, both systems showed comparable glucose trends, with slightly lower readings from FreeStyle Libre 2. Conclusions: CGM is feasible and reliable during caesarean section in PGDM patients. These findings support the integration of CGM into obstetric surgical care and highlight the need for larger studies to validate clinical benefits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Translation of Technological Innovations in Diabetes Therapeutics)

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