Production of Hydrogen from Biomass and Organic Waste

A special issue of Hydrogen (ISSN 2673-4141).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 915

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Guest Editor
ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department, Research Center of Trisaia, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy
Interests: green chemistry; process intensification; biofuels and e-fuels production; biomass for fuels and chemicals; thermochemical processes; catalytic processes; hydrogen production; power-to-X; waste-to-chemical and waste-to-energy; enabling technologies; sustainable chemical processes; LCA

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The urgent need to decarbonize global energy systems has positioned hydrogen at the forefront of sustainable energy research. As a clean and versatile energy carrier with high gravimetric energy density and zero emissions at the point of use, hydrogen is expected to play a pivotal role in achieving climate neutrality and supporting the transition to a circular, low-carbon economy. At present, however, industrial hydrogen production remains heavily reliant on fossil fuels—particularly natural gas through steam methane reforming—resulting in substantial greenhouse gas emissions. This dependency underscores the necessity of developing renewable and environmentally sustainable hydrogen production pathways. Among the most promising alternatives is the valorization of biomass and organic waste streams. These feedstocks are abundant, renewable, and often underutilized, offering a dual benefit: the generation of clean hydrogen and the mitigation of environmental burdens associated with waste management. Hydrogen can be derived from biomass and organic residues through a range of thermochemical (e.g., gasification, pyrolysis, and reforming), biochemical (e.g., dark fermentation, anaerobic digestion, and photofermentation), and emerging hybrid processes such as photocatalysis and electro-biochemical systems. Each pathway presents unique challenges and opportunities in terms of efficiency, scalability, feedstock variability, and integration with the existing energy infrastructures.

This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances, challenges, and opportunities in hydrogen production from biomass and organic waste. We welcome contributions addressing, but not limited to, the following:

  • Innovative thermochemical and biochemical conversion technologies.
  • Catalytic systems and process intensification strategies.
  • Feedstock characterization, pre-treatment, and valorization.
  • Integration with carbon capture and utilization (CCU).
  • Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA).
  • Policy, regulatory, and market frameworks.
  • Pilot- and industrial-scale demonstrations.

By assembling original research articles, reviews, case studies, and perspectives, this Special Issue seeks to provide a comprehensive platform for advancing scientific knowledge, technological innovation, and policy insight. Our objective is to foster interdisciplinary dialogue and collaboration among researchers, engineers, and decision-makers, thereby accelerating the deployment of biomass- and waste-derived hydrogen systems. Ultimately, this Special Issue aspires to chart a path forward for sustainable hydrogen production, leveraging the untapped potential of organic resources to enhance energy security, environmental sustainability, and circular economy principles.

Dr. Nadia Cerone
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • hydrogen production
  • biomass valorization
  • organic waste conversion
  • thermochemical processes (gasification, pyrolysis, reforming)
  • biochemical processes (fermentation, anaerobic digestion)
  • catalysis and process intensification
  • feedstock pre-treatment and characterization
  • life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis
  • waste-to-energy systems
  • circular economy and sustainability

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

19 pages, 5820 KB  
Review
From Wastewater to Bio-Hydrogen: Advancing Microbial Electrolysis Cells Through Challenges, Innovations, and Process Integration
by Angela Marchetti, Geremia Sassetto, Daniele Cabras, Seyedmehdi Hosseini, Stefano Milia and Marco Zeppilli
Hydrogen 2026, 7(2), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen7020085 - 19 Jun 2026
Viewed by 221
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable energy carriers has intensified interest in hydrogen production from renewable resources and waste-derived substrates. In this context, microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) have emerged as a promising technology for the simultaneous treatment of organic waste and biohydrogen generation. This [...] Read more.
The growing demand for sustainable energy carriers has intensified interest in hydrogen production from renewable resources and waste-derived substrates. In this context, microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) have emerged as a promising technology for the simultaneous treatment of organic waste and biohydrogen generation. This review provides an overview of recent advances in MEC systems, focusing on reactor configurations, performance indicators such as hydrogen production rate, coulombic efficiency, and chemical oxygen demand removal. Attention is given to the valorization of real waste streams, including municipal and agro-industrial effluents, highlighting the differences between laboratory- and pilot-scale applications. While numerous studies have demonstrated the technical feasibility of MECs, several bottlenecks still limit their large-scale implementation, including challenges associated with the use of complex substrates. In particular, untreated wastewater often leads to reduced process efficiency due to its variable composition and the occurrence of competing microbial pathways. To overcome these limitations, integrated approaches are also discussed, with emphasis on the coupling of dark fermentation, capable of enhancing substrate biodegradability through the production of volatile fatty acids, with MEC systems. Overall, MEC technology represents a promising pathway for sustainable hydrogen production within circular waste management frameworks, although further advancements are required to enable its practical application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production of Hydrogen from Biomass and Organic Waste)
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