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Fishes
Special Issues
Neuroimmune Communication in Fishes
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Special Issue "Neuroimmune Communication in Fishes"

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2023 | Viewed by 3376

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Giacomo Zaccone

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
Interests: O2 chemoreceptors and associated innervation; immune cell and neuronal markers; gene expression; neuroimmune interactions; immunohistochemistry; qPCR; TEM and SEM; fish
Dr. Alessio Alesci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
Interests: zoology; immunology; confocal microscopy; immunohistochemistry; comparative anatomy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Interactions among the endocrine, immune and nervous systems are crucial in ensuring immunological homeostasis. Recent evidence of lower vertebrate cytokine sequences has provided an insight in the neuroimmune bidirectional communication in teleost fish. Investigations into the role of the immune system in regulating the neuroendocrine system and neuronal physiology have only recently emerged. The complex interactions between immune cells and neurons are important in governing the immune responses in all mucosal tissues in fish visceral organs. Fish have both nonspecific and specific immune mechanisms to eliminate pathogens, and the mucosal barriers collaborate immunologically, maintaining tissue homeostasis with specific strategies. This issue brings a perspective that will help define the principles that govern neuroimmune communication early in vertebrate evolution.

Prof. Dr. Giacomo Zaccone
Dr. Alessio Alesci
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immune cell–nerve interactions
  • neuroendocrine system
  • cell markers
  • gene expression
  • mucosal barriers

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

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Editorial
Immunity and Neuroimmune Interactions at the Mucosal Barriers in Fish
by
Giacomo Zaccone
Fishes 2022, 7(6), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060381 - 08 Dec 2022
Viewed by 405
Abstract
Immune and neuronal cells are often colocalized at defined anatomical sites, forming neuronal cell units, where both cells coordinate their responses [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroimmune Communication in Fishes)

Research

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Article
Localization of Acetylcholine, Alpha 7-NAChR and the Antimicrobial Peptide Piscidin 1 in the Macrophages of Fish Gut: Evidence for a Cholinergic System, Diverse Macrophage Populations and Polarization of Immune Responses
by
Giacomo Zaccone
,
Alessio Alesci
,
Doaa M. Mokhtar
,
Marialuisa Aragona
,
Maria Cristina Guerrera
,
Gioele Capillo
,
Marco Albano
,
Jorge de Oliveira Fernandes
,
Viswanath Kiron
,
Ramy K. A. Sayed
,
Marwa M. Hussein
,
Patrizia Lo Cascio
,
Michal Kuciel
,
Krystyna Zuwala
,
Antonino Germanà
,
Jose Manuel Icardo
and
Eugenia Rita Lauriano
Fishes 2023, 8(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8010043 - 08 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 678
Abstract
The recognition and elimination of invading pathogens are vital for host survival. Macrophages play a central role in host protection and cells functionally reminiscent of vertebrate macrophages are present in all multicellular organisms. A pattern responsible for bacterial recognition found on the surface [...] Read more.
The recognition and elimination of invading pathogens are vital for host survival. Macrophages play a central role in host protection and cells functionally reminiscent of vertebrate macrophages are present in all multicellular organisms. A pattern responsible for bacterial recognition found on the surface of macrophages is CD14. These cells possess a repertoire of antimicrobial molecules stored in their granules and lysosomes. Polarization states observed in mammalian macrophages termed M1 and M2 also likely exist in fish macrophages. Markers for macrophage subtypes are slowly but definitively emerging in fish species. In the present study cell markers such as CD14, acetylcholine, alpha 7 acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (nAChR) subtype, the inducible nitric oxidase synthase (iNOS), and the antimicrobial peptide piscidin 1 are reported for the first time in the intestinal macrophages of both catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) and the African bonytongue Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829) along the anterior and the posterior axis and the concentric muscle layers. Many antimicrobial effector responses of vertebrate macrophages including respiratory burst and NO induction are similar across the diverse animal taxa. Antibodies against calbindin coupled with ones to VAChT and tubulin revealed the localization of myenteric and submucosal plexuses, which are made up of enteric neurons, glial cells, and nerves near macrophages. Current studies allow for the elucidation of multiple roles of macrophages in disease models providing an insight into their in vivo function in fish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroimmune Communication in Fishes)
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Article
Designing a Multi-Parameter Method to Assess the Adaptation Period of Crucian Carp under Stress Conditions of the Bionic Robot Fish
by
Bin Wang
,
Hanping Mao
,
Jian Zhao
,
Yong Liu
,
Yafei Wang
and
Xiaoxue Du
Fishes 2022, 7(4), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7040198 - 08 Aug 2022
Viewed by 941
Abstract
Changes in the physiological and behavioral states of fish are affected by foreign substances. Therefore, fish need a certain adaptation period to eliminate the stress response. Herein, in order to determine the adaptation period, the bionic robot fish was used to obtain behavioral [...] Read more.
Changes in the physiological and behavioral states of fish are affected by foreign substances. Therefore, fish need a certain adaptation period to eliminate the stress response. Herein, in order to determine the adaptation period, the bionic robot fish was used to obtain behavioral information about crucian carp, which was tested at five time points (1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day) within 28 days. First, the fear response and exploratory behavior of crucian carp affected by three-color bionic robot fish were explored. Then, according to the measurement results of the behavior, morphology, and feeding, and the physiological and biochemical properties of the crucian carp, a multi-parameter evaluation method was proposed to determine the adaptation period of the crucian carp under this monitoring mode. The results showed that more than 4 areas were occupied by crucian carp from the 21st day. From the 16th day, the number of crucian carp swimming with clear outlines gradually increased. The number of abnormal swimming occurrences decreased on day 13. More than 80% of the crucian carp body color returned to dark on the 23rd day. The crucian carp did not respond to food until day 19, when most of the crucian carp began to scramble for food. Food consumption reached more than two thirds on day 22. In addition, glucose and total protein leveled off after day 21, when mean hemoglobin levels were highest. Triglycerides showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The pigmented area of the skin section gradually decreases and eventually stabilizes. In summary, it takes at least 23 days for the crucian carp to adapt to the influence of the bionic robot fish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroimmune Communication in Fishes)
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Review

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Review
Main Components of Fish Immunity: An Overview of the Fish Immune System
by
Doaa M. Mokhtar
,
Giacomo Zaccone
,
Alessio Alesci
,
Michal Kuciel
,
Manal T. Hussein
and
Ramy K. A. Sayed
Fishes 2023, 8(2), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8020093 - 05 Feb 2023
Viewed by 902
Abstract
Cellular immune responses consist of innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune mechanisms, where all leukocyte subpopulations are included. Among these are vital processes such as cell-mediated cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. The main cellular constituents of the fish immune system are macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells, NK [...] Read more.
Cellular immune responses consist of innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune mechanisms, where all leukocyte subpopulations are included. Among these are vital processes such as cell-mediated cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. The main cellular constituents of the fish immune system are macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells, and cytotoxic T cells. This review provides the latest information on cellular defense mechanisms of fish and provides an overview of the function of the mucosal immune system in maintaining the general health of fish. Here, we discuss the fundamental ideas that underpin mucosal immune responses in teleosts, as well as the innate and adaptive immune cells and the molecules that play a role in these immune responses. Moreover, cytokine molecules and pathways in teleosts have been reported to focus on several kinds of associated immunity. Importantly, we also review antigen processing and presentation. The knowledge reported here will enable better understanding, determination, and modulation of the pathways responsible for protective immunity, thus consequently improving the health of the fish in aquaculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroimmune Communication in Fishes)
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