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Special Issue "Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease in Fish"

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A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Welfare, Health and Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 June 2023 | Viewed by 3571

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Bei Wang

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Guest Editor

College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
Interests: fish bacteriology; vaccines for fishing; fish immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over 80% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water. Fish are ubiquitous inhabitants of this ecosystem. In both natural environments and in aquaculture, disease has a serious impact on fish. Disease is universally recognized as one of the most serious threats to the commercial success of aquaculture. In the absence of effective husbandry management, disease prevention strategies and appropriate biosecurity measures, infectious diseases will continue to challenge the sustainability of global aquaculture. Various strategies are used to diagnose and reduce the impact of fish disease, and I am pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue of Fishes titled “Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease in Fish”, which will address related topics.

Areas of interest regularly covered by the journal include:

Diagnostic methods;
Epidemiology;
Pathogenic biology;
Pathophysiology;
Treatment;
Host-pathogen relationships

Prof. Dr. Bei Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

fish disease
diagnostic techniques
pathology
treatment
nutrition

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

A New Conditionally Immortalized Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Heart Cell Line: Establishment and Functional Characterization as a Promising Tool for Tilapia Myocarditis Studies

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Fishes 2023, 8(3), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8030167 - 18 Mar 2023

Viewed by 274

Abstract

A new cell line named the tilapia heart cell line (TAH-11) was established from the heart of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by enzymatic digestion and mechanical separation. The TAH-11 cell line has been stably subcultured for over 80 generations and resuscitated after being frozen in liquid nitrogen for six months, with exuberant cell growth. The optimal culture condition of TAH-11 is L-15 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 25 °C. Sequencing of the mitochondrial 18S rRNAs confirmed that TAH-11 cells were derived from the tilapia. TAH-11 was also identified as a myocardial cell line based on the mRNA expression of the troponin I, α-actin and myoglobin genes. Simultaneously, TAH-11 could be successfully transfected with the GFP reporter gene, suggesting that the TAH-11 cell line could be used for exogenous gene expression in vitro. The TAH-11 cells showed susceptibility to CGSIV, which was demonstrated by the presence of a severe cytopathic effect, suggesting that the TAH-11 cell line is an ideal tool for studying host–virus interaction and potential vaccines. In addition, the expression of inflammatory factors in TAH-11 cells can be remarkably induced following Streptococcus agalactiae or Streptococcus iniae. The present data lays a foundation to further explore the mechanism of how Streptococcus spp. causes tilapia myocarditis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease in Fish)

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Open AccessArticle

Cinnamaldehyde Decreases the Pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila by Inhibiting Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation

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Fishes 2023, 8(3), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8030122 - 21 Feb 2023

Viewed by 421

Abstract

Antibiotics were the main fishery drugs for treating Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) infection, which would generate selective pressure and result in the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system provides a new alternative strategy against A. hydrophila infection. QS inhibitors can reduce bacterial virulence behaviors by disrupting QS, which has no effect on bacterial growth. Therefore, we studied the effect of cinnamaldehyde from a natural plant extract on the QS of A. hydrophila aiming to reduce its pathogenicity. The efficacy of cinnamaldehyde against A. hydrophila was evaluated from various aspects, including the effects on aerolysin, lipase, protease, swarming motility, biofilm formation, acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), and QS-related genes. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of cinnamaldehyde in vitro and in vivo was studied. The results showed that cinnamaldehyde could decrease the virulence phenotypes of A. hydrophila regulated by QS. Moreover, the transcriptions of related genes (aerA, ahyR, and ahyI) were downregulated following the addition of cinnamaldehyde. The in vitro and in vivo therapeutic assays show that cinnamaldehyde could reduce the aerolysin-mediated A549 cell injury and increase the survival rate of crucian carp infected with A. hydrophila. These results indicate that cinnamaldehyde would be a candidate QS inhibitor against A. hydrophila infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease in Fish)

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Open AccessArticle

A Case of Mycobacteriosis in Cultured Japanese Seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) in Southern China

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Fishes 2023, 8(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8010033 - 03 Jan 2023

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Abstract

Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus) is an important species of cultured marine fish with high economic value in China. Nevertheless, from May to November 2019, mass mortality among cultured Japanese seabass occurred in Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province of China. Approximately 0.2–0.5% mortality was recorded daily, and the cumulative mortality was up to 30% during this disease outbreak. In this study, the clinical signs and pathological characteristics of diseased fish were investigated. Furthermore, the pathogenicity and antibiotic sensitivity of identified pathogenic bacteria from diseased fish were analyzed. The infected fish showed clinical signs of uncoordinated swimming; anorexia; pigment changes; and a number of 1–5 mm grayish-white nodules in the liver, spleen, and kidney tissues was also found. A bacterial strain, which was designated as ZHLJ2019, was isolated from the diseased fish. To ensure that ZHLJ2019 isolate was the causative agent, a Koch postulate trial was performed. Healthy Japanese seabass were infected by the intraperitoneal injection of 5 × 10⁴, 5 × 10⁵ and 5 × 10⁶ CFU/fish, and cumulative mortalities within 42 days were 75%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. The bacteria colony had traditional morphological and biochemical characteristics similar to that of Mycobacterium marinum. Phylogenetic molecular analyses of 16S rRNA, rpoB, hsp65, erp, and ITS genes confirmed that the isolated strain ZHLJ2019 was M. marinum. The granulomatous inflammation in internal organs of Japanese seabass naturally and experimentally infected with ZHLJ2019 isolate was consistent with the classic pathological features of mycobacteriosis. Drug susceptibility of ZHLJ2019 isolate to 11 antibiotics was determined by broth dilution method in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of minocycline, rifampicin, ethambutol, isoniazid, streptomycin, doxycycline hydrochloride, kanamycin sulfate, levofloxacin, roxithromycin, and prothionamide against the strain ZHLJ2019 were 4, 2, 8, 4, 16, 8, 8, 8, 4, and 8 μg/mL, respectively. The results of this study suggest that M. marinum is the causal agent responsible for the morbidity and mortality of Japanese seabass cultured in intensive brackish water dirt ponds in southern China. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease in Fish)

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Open AccessArticle

Effects of Dietary Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Extract on Growth, Muscle Composition, Hepatopancreas Histology, Immune Responses and Microcystin-LR Resistance of Juvenile Red Claw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus)

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Fishes 2023, 8(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8010020 - 28 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 673

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different doses of dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on juvenile red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). A total number of 720 red claw crayfish (initial body weight of 0.24 ± 0.01 g) were randomly assigned to six groups and fed diets containing 0 (Diet 1), 0.5 (Diet 2), 1 (Diet 3), 2 (Diet 4), 4 (Diet 5) and 10 (Diet 6) g dry weight (dw) ELE kg (dw)⁻¹ diets for eight weeks and challenged with microcystin-LR stress. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with 1–2 g dw ELE kg (dw)⁻¹ diet could significantly improve the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of crayfish. Muscle crude protein contents of crayfish fed Diet 2, Diet 3, and Diet 4 were significantly higher than those of the control group. Compared with the control group, dietary ELE could increase total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and phenoloxidase (PO) activities and decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) level of crayfish. Dietary ELE significantly increased the relative expression levels of SOD, thioredoxin 1 (TRX1), GPx, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) and C-type lysozyme (C-LZM) mRNA of crayfish compared with the control group during the feeding experiment. When subjected to MC-LR stress for 48 h, the mRNA expression levels of SOD, GPx, Se-GPx, glutathione-s-transferase 1 (GST1), ALF, hemocyanin (HEM), and C-LZM in the hepatopancreas could be improved to varying degrees compared with the Diet 1. Supplementation of 1–2 g dw ELE kg (dw)⁻¹ diet could improve the survival rate (SR) of crayfish under MC-LR stress. These results indicated that dietary ELE (1–2 g dw ELE kg (dw)⁻¹ diet) could improve the growth performance, muscle protein, and non-specific immune response and increase the SR of crayfish under MC-LR stress by regulating the mRNA expression levels of the immune- and antioxidant-related genes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease in Fish)

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Open AccessArticle

Identification and Characterization of Heme Oxygenase-1 from Litopenaeus vannamei Involved in Antioxidant and Anti-Apoptosis under Ammonia Stress

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Fishes 2022, 7(6), 356; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060356 - 28 Nov 2022

Viewed by 420

Abstract

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-inducible enzyme with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. In this study, the HO-1 gene from Litopenaeus vannamei (Lv-HO-1) was identified. The open reading frame of Lv-HO-1 is 747 bp, encoding a peptide of 248 amino acids as well as a conserved HemO structural domain. Lv-HO-1 is 70–90% homological to crustaceans and about 50% homological to arthropods. The transcript levels of Lv-HO-1 were highest in the hepatopancreas and lower in other tissues. Knockdown of Lv-HO-1 led to structural destruction of the hepatopancreas. After ammonia exposure, Lv-HO-1 was significantly induced. Knockdown of Lv-HO-1 during ammonia exposure resulted in a significant decrease in antioxidant capacity and cellular autophagy levels compared to the control and increased apoptosis. The transcriptional levels of SOD and GSH-Px were considerably reduced (p < 0.05), as were the transcriptional levels of Atg3, Atg4, Atg5, and Atg10. The results indicated that Lv-HO-1 from L. vannamei can be induced by oxidative stress and may have important roles in regulating the host antioxidant system, reducing cell apoptosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease in Fish)

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Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Costimulatory Molecules CD80/86 Trigger Non-Specific Cytotoxic Cell of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to Kill CIK Cells

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Fishes 2022, 7(6), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060353 - 28 Nov 2022

Viewed by 540

Abstract

The teleost non-specific cytotoxic cell (NCC), as the evolutionary precursors of NK cells, is an important cytotoxic cell population in the innate immune system of teleost. We have recently realized that costimulatory CD80/86 have conservation in structural and interactional features with its ligand CD28 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). However, the ability of CD80/86 to regulate NCC activity has not been fully investigated. In the present study, we first obtained the recombinant fusion CD80/86 protein from O. niloticus (rOn-CD80/86). Then, NCC incubation with rOn-CD80/86 resulted in a significant production of NCC effector cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cellular apoptosis susceptibility and NK-lysin. Furthermore, NCC treatment with rOn-CD80/86 could significantly improve the ability to kill kidney cells of Grass carp (CIK) and up-regulate the activities of caspase-1 and caspase-3 in CIKs. The yeast, two-hybrid assay showed that On-CD80/86 cannot directly interact with non-specific cytotoxic cell receptor protein-1 of O. niloticus (On-NCCRP-1). The single-cell RNA-Seq data of Nile tilapia head kidney lymphocytes analysis found On-CD28 did not exhibit expression on NCCs subsets. The above results suggest that costimulatory molecules On-CD80/86 is independent of On-NCCRP-1 and On-CD28 receptor in modulating NCC killing activity in vitro of Nile tilapia. The results also provide more insights into the mechanism of NCC activity regulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease in Fish)

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