Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Environment: Transmission, Fate and Mitigation Strategies

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 795

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
Interests: antibiotics residue; antibiotic resistance genes; drug-resistant bacteria; polymicrobial interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil & Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
Interests: agricultural waste treatment; antimicrobial resistance; emerging organic contaminants; biodegradation and bioremediation; biogeochemical cycling and microbial processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The widespread use of antibiotics in agriculture—primarily to promote growth, prevent disease, and treat infections in livestock and aquaculture—has made the agro-environment a critical hotspot for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Although antibiotics play an essential role in safeguarding animal health and ensuring food security, their release into the environment via manure application, wastewater irrigation, and surface runoff poses a serious threat to global public health. This environmental reservoir of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) creates continuous selection pressure, fostering the enrichment of resistant bacteria and facilitating the horizontal transfer of ARGs to human pathogens.

This Special Issue of Antibiotics seeks to gather high-quality research and review articles that address the complex challenges associated with antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. We aim to advance understanding of the full lifecycle of antibiotics—from their use and environmental fate to their ecological impacts and the development of resistance. Particular emphasis will be placed on innovative strategies for monitoring, risk assessment, and mitigation. By integrating insights from diverse disciplines, this Special Issue aspires to inform sustainable agricultural practices and policy development, ultimately helping preserve the effectiveness of existing antibiotics for future generations.

Prof. Dr. Yongzhen Ding
Dr. Zulin Zhang
Dr. Hui Lin
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)
  • veterinary antibiotic
  • manure and soil amendment
  • horizontal gene transfer
  • one health
  • environmental impact assessment
  • biodegradation and bioremediation
  • antimicrobial stewardship in agriculture
  • emerging contaminants

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 5155 KB  
Article
Plasmid-Mediated Spread of Antibiotic Resistance by Arsenic and Microplastics During Vermicomposting
by Rui Xin, Huai Lin, Zijun Li and Fengxia Yang
Antibiotics 2025, 14(12), 1230; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14121230 - 6 Dec 2025
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Abstract
Background: The efficiency of vermicomposting in reducing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in dairy manure may be compromised by co-pollutants like arsenic (As) and microplastics. Specifically, plasmids serving as carriers and vectors of ARGs were largely distributed in this process. However, the impact of [...] Read more.
Background: The efficiency of vermicomposting in reducing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in dairy manure may be compromised by co-pollutants like arsenic (As) and microplastics. Specifically, plasmids serving as carriers and vectors of ARGs were largely distributed in this process. However, the impact of As and microplastics on plasmids carrying ARGs during vermicomposting is largely unknown. Methods: This study utilized a controlled experimental design and applied plasmid metagenomics to investigate the individual and combined effects of As and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics on plasmid-mediated ARG dynamics during vermicomposting. Results: We found that vermicomposting alone mainly enriched non-mobilizable plasmids, while PET microplastics selectively promoted conjugative and mobilizable plasmids, whereas As significantly increased all plasmid types. Moreover, both PET or As alone and combined exposure (PET and As) increased total ARG abundance, with their combination inducing synergistic ARG enrichment despite unchanged total plasmid abundance. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis combined with ARGs/plasmid ratio assessments demonstrated that As influences ARGs through co-selective pressure by enriching ARGs co-localized with As resistance genes (e.g., the ars operon) on plasmids while simultaneously promoting horizontal gene transfer (HGT) via activation of oxidative stress and SOS response pathways. In contrast, PET primarily facilitates ARG dissemination through a “metabolism-resistance” coupling strategy by enriching colonizing bacteria with PET-degrading capacity. Their co-exposure formed As-enrichment hotspots on PET microplastic surfaces, functioning as a “super-mixer” that selectively screened for superbugs carrying potent resistance mechanisms (e.g., blaOXA-50 and mdtB/mdtE). Conclusions: This study provides the first plasmidome-level evidence of synergistic ARG propagation by As and PET microplastics during vermicomposting, highlighting mobile genetic elements’ critical role in co-pollutant risk assessments. Full article
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Review

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27 pages, 1481 KB  
Review
Exploring the Relationship Between Farmland Management and Manure-Derived Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Their Prevention and Control Strategies
by Chengcheng Huang, Yuanye Zeng, Fengxia Yang, Qixin Wu and Yongzhen Ding
Antibiotics 2025, 14(11), 1117; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14111117 - 5 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: The application of manure introduces antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into farmland, posing a significant public health risk. While tillage and fertilization practices are known to influence soil ecosystems, a systematic synthesis of how tillage patterns specifically regulate the fate of manure-derived ARGs [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The application of manure introduces antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into farmland, posing a significant public health risk. While tillage and fertilization practices are known to influence soil ecosystems, a systematic synthesis of how tillage patterns specifically regulate the fate of manure-derived ARGs is lacking. Methods: This review bridges this critical knowledge gap by systematically analyzing the interactions between conventional/conservation tillage and the distribution, persistence, and transmission of these ARGs. Results: It is observed that conservation tillage (e.g., no tillage), while beneficial for soil health, can lead to ARG accumulation at the soil surface, potentially increasing runoff risks, whereas conventional tillage promotes vertical mixing and dilution. A key unique contribution of this review is the systematic comparison of conventional versus conservation tillage, revealing quantitative reductions in ARG abundance. under practices like no till or deep plowing. Conclusions: We further con-solidate and propose integrated management strategies, combining precision agriculture, optimized fertilization, and scientific soil management, to mitigate ARG pollution. This work provides a targeted framework for developing more effective intervention measures to ensure agricultural sustainability and safeguard human health. Full article
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