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2. Have you encountered any challenges in your research?
In the realm of scientific investigation, we are perpetually confronted with a myriad of challenges. These encompass a broad spectrum, ranging from technical difficulties, the necessity for design enhancements, and the exploration of novel materials to the demands of our applications, among others.
Moreover, we grapple with substantial obstacles that are inherently tied to the constraints of physics. A case in point is the miniaturization of actuators, a task that becomes increasingly complex as the performance variables of interest inversely scale with volume or area. This scenario presents formidable challenges to both our creative capacities and the technologies at our disposal.

3. Could you share your experience of overcoming these issues?
Minor obstacles are surmounted through relentless diligence and perseverance, fortuitously culminating in the genesis of new scholarly publications and projects. More substantial challenges and innovative ideas persistently linger, serving as a source of inspiration for the research collective, particularly for nascent doctoral candidates. These challenges are not merely hurdles to overcome, but catalysts that drive our pursuit of knowledge and innovation.

4. What do you believe the hot topics in the field of miniature actuators research will be over the next few years, and why do you think these subjects will become important?
Based on recent trends and advancements, here are some potential hot topics in the field of miniature actuators research:

1. Material research: The development of new materials such as polymers, organic materials, piezoelectric materials, nitrides, shape memory alloys, thermoelectric materials, and other functional thin-film materials. These materials can significantly enhance the performance of miniature actuators;
2. Fabrication technologies: Innovative processes and fabrication technologies for miniaturized actuator systems are expected to be a major focus. This includes deposition techniques, lithography, etching and ablation techniques, hybrid technologies, and three-dimensional (3D) printing;
3. Functional surfaces: The creation of functional surfaces in actuator microdevices, such as hydrophobic/hydrophilic functionalization, tribological functions, and biomimetic surfaces;
4. Modeling and simulation: As the complexity of these systems increases, so does the need for more sophisticated modeling and simulation tools. This includes CAD tools and simulations, from the packaged systems down to the device level;
5. Actuation principles: Research into various physical actuation principles, such as electrostatic, piezoelectric, mechanical, thermal, acoustic, and magnetic, will continue to be important;
6. Bioactuators and artificial muscles: The development of chemical actuators and bioactuators, as well as artificial muscles, is a promising area of research;
7. System integration: The integration of miniature actuators into larger systems, including interface electronics, packaging and assembly, 3D integration techniques, micro-mechatronics, and micro-robotics, will be crucial;
8. Applications and markets: The exploration of new applications and markets for miniaturized actuators/micro-actuators, including monitoring, control, and measurement systems, will be a key area of focus.

These topics are driven by the increasing demand for smaller, more efficient, and more capable devices in a variety of fields, including robotics, biotechnology, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The miniaturization of robots with locomotion abilities is a challenge with a significant technological impact in many applications where large-scale robots have physical or cost restrictions.

5. As the session chair of IECAT2024, what kind of meeting you are looking forward to in particular?
In general, I am looking forward to gaining knowledge about the latest research and learning about the latest findings and methods in the field of actuators before they are even published in the journal.
Networking is also important for research teams, and a conference is a good opportunity to meet experts and like-minded individuals in our field, which can lead to collaborations and partnerships.
Interdisciplinary learning approaches, bringing together researchers from different areas, will clearly be a part of IECAT. Regarding career development, attending conferences can lead to learning about career-changing prospects and forging strong working relationships.

6. With numerous conferences being organized each year, do you have any suggestions that would make our conference more meaningful for scholars and students?
In order to enhance the value and impact of our conference, it would be beneficial to incorporate tutorials and webinars into our program. These sessions, led by esteemed researchers, could offer insights and nuances of their work that are typically not included in published papers. Additionally, scheduling an in-person gathering every two years could significantly increase the benefits of the conference, fostering stronger connections and collaborations among attendees. This hybrid model could provide a more comprehensive and enriching experience for all participants.
In addition, speaker incentives may also motivate submissions. Currently, the conference will provide six awards, including Best Oral Presentation Award and Best Poster Award. I would also like to propose waiving the Article Processing Charges (APCs) for keynote speakers and offering a greater discount than the currently announced 20% for invited speakers. As a nascent conference, I believe this would be a beneficial investment that could aid in its promotion.