Zhiru Xiao received her B.S. degree in Armored Vehicle Engineering from the North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi in 2022. She is currently pursuing her M.S. degree in Armament Science and Technology at the North University of China. Her research interests include machine learning, fault diagnosis, and signal processing.

Yanfang Xu received her B.S. degree in Vehicle Engineering in 1991 and her Ph.D. in Weapon Systems in 2012. She worked as an engineer at Jiangyang Chemical Plant from 1991 to 2001. Since 2001, she has been teaching at the North University of China, where she was promoted to Associate Professor and Master's Degree Supervisor in 2006. Her research interests include vehicles, energy and power systems, and mechatronic system intelligence.

Junjie Cui received his B.S. degree in Vehicle Engineering from Taiyuan Institute of Machinery, Taiyuan, Shanxi, in 1990, and his M.S. degree in Armament Science and Technology from the North University of China, Taiyuan, in 2007. Since 2001, he has been an Associate Professor with the Faculty of Mechatronics Engineering at the North University of China. His research interests include machine vision and fault diagnosis.