Yun Ye received a B.Sc. degree in information and computing sciences from the School of Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China, in 2022. She is currently pursuing an M.Sc. degree in Instrument and Meter Engineering with the Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China. Her research interest is inertial navigation technology.

Hongyang He received a B.Sc. degree in mechanical design and automation from the School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China, in 2011, and M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in navigation engineering from the Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China, in 2013 and 2016, respectively. He is currently working as a Lecture with the Naval University of Engineering. His research interests include inertial navigation systems and position navigation and timing.

Enfan Lin received a B.Eng. degree in School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China, in 2019, and an M.S. degree in control engineering from College of Electrical Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China, in 2022. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. degree in solid mechanics with the College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China. His current research interests include fluid–structure interaction and water entry.

Hongqiong Tang received a B.Sc. degree from Liaoning University, Shenyang, China, in 2018, and an M.Sc. degree from the Engineering University of PAP, Xi’an, China, in 2020. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. degree in navigation, guidance, and control with the Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China. His research interests include inertial navigation and its inertial-based integrated navigation systems for underwater.