Fernando Soares Schlindwein graduated in electric/electronic engineering in 1979 from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and then got an MSc from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1982, and a PhD in biomedical engineering from the University of Leicester, UK, in 1990. He has extensive experience in real-time signal processing, having made scientific contributions in the areas of ultrasound for monitoring cerebral circulation in neonates and then in cardiology, especially in the characterization of atrial fibrillation. He is currently an honorary reader in bioengineering at the University of Leicester, UK.