Prof. Milan Makale received his PhD degree in physiology from the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, in 1980, and his MBeng (Biomedical Engineering) from The George Washington University, Washington DC, in 2000. He was a US National Research Council fellow studying the radio-neurophysiology of the brain and autonomic nervous system at the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) in Bethesda, MD, USA. Beginning in 1992, he spent four years pursuing neuropharmacology research in the drug discovery division at ProNeuron, Inc., in Rockville, Maryland. Subsequently, at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in Bethesda, Maryland, he researched functional mapping of brain neurocognitive function. In 2001, he joined the Biomedical Engineering Department at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), and was involved with the development of implantable glucose sensors. He is currently on faculty at the Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences Department at UCSD, pursuing various interventions, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), to treat radiotherapy-induced brain injury and neuropsychiatric disorders.