Kaixuan Li received a B.S. degree in mathematics and applied mathematics from Northwest Normal University in 2017. Now, she is a Ph.D. student in Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Her research interests include data security and differential privacy. E-mail: lkx1118@bupt.edu.cn.

Hua Zhang received a B.S. degree in telecommunications engineering from the Xidian University in 1998, an M.S. degree in cryptology from Xidian University in 2005 and a Ph.D degree in cryptology from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications in 2008. Now, she is a professor of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Her research interests include cryptography, information security and network security. E-mail: zhanghua_288@bupt.edu.cn.

Yanxin Xu received a B.S. degree in information security from Shandong University of Science and Technology in 2020. Now, she is currently pursuing a Ph.D. degree in Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Her research interests include federated learning and privacy protection. E-mail: yanxinxu@bupt.edu.cn.

Zhenyan Liu received his B.S. degree in computer science and technology from Qingdao University of Science and Technology in 2022. He is now a postgraduate student of Beijing University of Posts and telecommunications. His research interests include federated learning and privacy protection. E-mail: zhyliu@bupt.edu.cn.