Ghulam Mustafa completed his Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan, in December 2020. He participated in the Cultural Exchange Program at Karabuk University, Turkey, for one semester in 2020. He received a master's degree in the Bioinformatics and Pattern Recognition Lab at the Department of Computer Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan, South Korea, and is currently a researcher there. His research interests encompass machine learning, deep learning, trajectory pattern mining, object detection, intelligent transportation systems, and traffic data analysis.