PT J
AU Kasraian, D
   Adhikari, S
   Kossowsky, D
   Luubert, M
   Hall, BG
   Hawkins, J
   Habib, KN
   Roorda, MJ
AF Kasraian, Dena
   Adhikari, Sneha
   Kossowsky, David
   Luubert, Michael
   Hall, Brent G.
   Hawkins, Jason
   Habib, Khandker Nurul
   Roorda, Matthew J.
TI Evaluating pedestrian perceptions of street design with a 3D stated preference survey
SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Pedestrians; perception of attractiveness; stated preference; 3D survey; CityEngine
ID walking; walkability; environment; features; level
AB In many places, streets are still primarily designed for the convenience of motorists, considering mobility function as the principal design goal. There is a scarcity of empirical evidence on the relationship between the design of a street and how it is experienced by pedestrians who use it. This work focuses on quantifying pedestrians' perception of walkability through a stated preference survey using a dynamic 3D representation of various street designs in Toronto, Canada. The stated preference scenarios are generated through a rule-based 3D environment (Esri's CityEngine) and animated using a gaming engine (Unity). A random sample of 600 Torontonians is used for the empirical investigation by estimating a mixed multinomial logit model. The results indicate that there is a high preference for (i) streets that include transit lanes as opposed to car-exclusive lanes, (ii) the presence of trees on the sidewalk, and (iii) two-way cycle paths on the curb lane. Furthermore, pedestrians are willing to trade sidewalk width for the presence of trees and outdoor dining. The survey's innovative presentation mode and its findings can contribute to the development of much-needed evidence-based design tools to assess the trade-offs required between the many possible uses of roadway space, while focusing on the overlooked role of the pedestrian experience.
C1 [Kasraian, Dena] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Built Environm, Urbanism & Urban Architecture, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
   [Adhikari, Sneha] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   [Kossowsky, David; Luubert, Michael; Hall, Brent G.] Esri Canada Ltd, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   [Hawkins, Jason; Habib, Khandker Nurul] Univ Toronto, Civil & Mineral Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   [Roorda, Matthew J.] Univ Toronto, Civil Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada.
C3 Eindhoven University of Technology; University of Toronto; University of Toronto; University of Toronto
RP Roorda, MJ (通讯作者)，Univ Toronto, Dept Civil & Mineral Engn, 35 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada.
EM matt.roorda@utoronto.ca
FU Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence Round 7 Project [07-039]; City of Toronto; Esri Canada
CR Adkins A, 2012, J URBAN DES, V17, P499, DOI 10.1080/13574809.2012.706365
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NR 38
TC 30
Z9 38
U1 9
U2 87
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 2399-8083
EI 2399-8091
J9 ENVIRON PLAN B-URBAN
JI Env. Plan. B-Urban Anal. City Sci.
PD SEP 15
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 7
BP 1787
EP 1805
DI 10.1177/2399808320946050
EA AUG 2020
PG 19
WC Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA UO4HU
UT WOS:000563829500001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Lin, BS
   Cho, YH
   Hsieh, C
AF Lin, Bau-Show
   Cho, Yin-Hua
   Hsieh, Cheng-, I
TI Study of the thermal environment of sidewalks within varied urban road structures
SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING
LA English
DT Article
DE ENVI-met V4; Leaf area index (LAI); Mean radiant temperature; Planting strip; Physiological equivalent temperature; Road orientation
ID human heat-stress; hot dry climate; comfort; canyon; microclimate; temperature; trees; model
AB Vehicle-oriented transportation has been dominating road design for decades and worsening the urban outdoor thermal environment. Introducing the concept of human-oriented design in road reconstruction, this study considered road orientation, number of planting strips, and leaf area index (LAI) of trees when developing alternative road structures that aims to provide pedestrians a more satisfying walking experience. The ENVI-met V4 model, was used to simulate the thermal environment of sidewalks within the scenarios. Results demonstrated that road orientation had significant but time-varied effects on mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) and physiological equivalent temperature (PET). Two Tmrt and PET peaks were noticed in East-West (EW) oriented roads; but only one peak was found in North-South (NS) roads due to that the aisle buildings on NS roads shaded sidewalks and reduced the solar radiation received in the morning. Changing tree's LAI from low to high on EW and NS roads can reduce the mean Tmrt by 5.5 and 3.0 degrees C, and the mean PET by 3.2 and 1.7 degrees C, respectively. Simulation results also showed that adding one more planting strip in the middle of roads did not reduce the mean Tmrt (all cases less than 1.7 degrees C) and mean PET (all cases less than 1.2 degrees C) much. A significant synergistic cooling effect from road orientation, number of planting strips, and LAI of trees on the sidewalks' Tmrt and PET was observed. Thus, the number of planting strips and LAI of trees could be more precisely applied while considering road orientation. These results provide quantitative and alternative information for designers to create a better walking experience for pedestrians.
C1 [Lin, Bau-Show; Cho, Yin-Hua] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
   [Hsieh, Cheng-, I] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioenvironm Syst Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
C3 National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University
RP Hsieh, C (通讯作者)，Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Bioenvironm Syst Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
EM doralin@ntu.edu.tw; yuli80718@gmail.com
FU Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [MOST 107-2410-H-002-172, MOST 109-2410-H-002-111]; National Taiwan University, Taiwan [NTU-CC-109L892803, NTU-CC-109L203313, NTU-CC-110L890903]
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NR 33
TC 19
Z9 23
U1 5
U2 78
PU ELSEVIER GMBH
PI MUNICH
PA HACKERBRUCKE 6, 80335 MUNICH, GERMANY
SN 1618-8667
EI 1610-8167
J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE
JI Urban For. Urban Green.
PD JUL 15
PY 2021
VL 62
IS 
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127137
EA APR 2021
PG 12
WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies
GA SV3MA
UT WOS:000663725400009
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Dogan, U
AF Dogan, Umut
TI Examining Urban Design Characteristics of City Centers Using Walkability Criteria: Case of Turkey
SO JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Urban design; Walkability; Fuzzy logic; Space syntax; Geographic information system
ID physical-activity; built environments; walking; hierarchy; health; quality; lessons; streets
AB This study aims to explore the success in the urban design endeavors of Turkish cities throughout the years, which is mostly distinguished by a variety of city plans. The criteria for walkability will be the focal point in the exploration of urban design success levels. A hybrid [fuzzy logic + space syntax analysis + geographic information system (GIS)] method, which is not commonly used in current research, will be used as the method for this study. Five cities will be selected as samples and an expert group of 49 people formed. The analysis will be according to the determined criteria and various results were obtained. The results show that Turkish cities' success levels in walkability is very low. Therefore, these results show that Turkey should question its spatial planning decisions. The design of cities is shaped according to the needs of motor vehicles and priority for pedestrians is seldom considered. This shows that negative conditions persist in Turkish cities for urban design standards. This study could be applied to different cities with its methodology and content. Therefore, it could contribute to the improvement in the urban design level of cities and help to ensure that walkability becomes the priority in these designs.
C1 [Dogan, Umut] Erciyes Univ, Fac Architecture, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
C3 Erciyes University
RP Dogan, U (通讯作者)，Erciyes Univ, Fac Architecture, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
EM umutdogan@erciyes.edu.tr
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NR 63
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 53
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9488
EI 1943-5444
J9 J URBAN PLAN DEV
JI J. Urban Plan. Dev
PD JUN 1
PY 2021
VL 147
IS 2
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000663
PG 15
WC Engineering, Civil; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Engineering; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA RZ4TN
UT WOS:000648590100023
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Ki, D
   Lee, S
AF Ki, Donghwan
   Lee, Sugie
TI Analyzing the effects of Green View Index of neighborhood streets on walking time using Google Street View and deep learning
SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING
LA English
DT Article
DE Walking time; Green View Index; Google Street View; Deep learning; Semantic segmentation
ID built environment; physical-activity; empirical-evidence; visual enclosure; high-density; urban form; big data; health; space; associations
AB Previous research has reported that greenery is an important factor in walking activities, with greenery existing in various forms, including trees, gardens, green walls, and other examples. However, traditional methods of measuring urban greenery involve limitations in coverage of various forms of greenery and do not reflect the actual degree of exposure to pedestrians. Accordingly, this study examined the street Green View Index (GVI) and its associations with walking activities by different income groups using survey data on walking behaviors in 2350 residents in Seoul, Korea. This study utilized Google Street View (GSV) and deep learning to calculate the GVI by semantic segmentation, referring to greenness from the visual perspective of pedestrians. Correlation analyses between traditional greenery variables and GVI were conducted to examine differences, and multiple regression models were applied to identify the relationships between walking time and greenery variables. The results of this study show differences between conventional greenery variables and GVI in terms of specific greenery forms and perspectives. As hypothesized, GVI was more closely associated with walking time than the traditional greenery variables. Also, this study found that the low-income residents generally lived in low GVI neighborhood, but walking time is more sensitive to GVI. These results were because GVI represents the actual greenery exposure to pedestrians, and there was a difference between income groups in the degree of vehicle usage in daily life. The results of this study indicate that, when analyzing the relationship between urban greenness and walking behavior, it is necessary to examine the relationship from multiple angles and to in-vestigate the importance of eye-level street greenery. Our findings provide useful insights for public policies to promote pedestrian walking environments.
C1 [Ki, Donghwan; Lee, Sugie] Hanyang Univ, Dept Urban Planning & Engn, Sci & Technol Bldg 303-1,222 Wangsimni Ro, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
C3 Hanyang University
RP Lee, S (通讯作者)，Hanyang Univ, Dept Urban Planning & Engn, Sci & Technol Bldg 303-1,222 Wangsimni Ro, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
EM orient1477@naver.com; sugielee@hanyang.ac.kr
FU Hanyang University
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NR 64
TC 304
Z9 338
U1 46
U2 558
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-2046
EI 1872-6062
J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN
JI Landsc. Urban Plan.
PD JAN 15
PY 2021
VL 205
IS 
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103920
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA OS1GF
UT WOS:000589911800002
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Cole, R
   Sugiyama, M
   Owen, N
   Sugiyama, T
AF Cole, Rachel
   Sugiyama, Masaaki
   Owen, Neville
   Sugiyama, Takemi
TI Variations between major and regional Australian cities in physically active and sedentary travel behaviors
SO CITIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Walking; Cycling; Car use; Public transport; Travel surveys
ID built-environment; utilitarian walking; mode choice; urban; associations; prevalence; transport; time; city
AB Promoting active travel is a public health priority. However, existing studies on active travel tend to focus on major cities: little is known about travel in regional cities. This study examined differences in the prevalence of walking, cycling, public transport use, and car use among adult residents of major, satellite, and regional cities in Queensland, Australia. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the odds of travel behaviors according to city type. Overall, 14.8% of participants reported any walking, 7.3% walking at least 30 min/d, 1.9% cycling, 4.7% using public transport, and 42.3% using cars over 1 h/d. Compared with residents of major city, residents of satellite and regional cities had significantly lower odds of participating in any walking, walking >30 min/d, and using public transport; and residents of regional cities had a significantly higher odds of cycling and lower odds of using a car >1 h/d. Differences in travel behaviors between city type were more pronounced for working-age adults (18-64 years) than older adults (65-84 years). Our findings suggest that working-age residents of satellite cities are the least active for transport. Initiatives to promote active travel in Australia may need to prioritize areas outside of major cities.
C1 [Cole, Rachel] Univ Sunshine Coast, Sch Hlth & Sports Sci, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia.
   [Sugiyama, Masaaki; Sugiyama, Takemi] Australian Catholic Univ, Mary MacKillop Inst Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
   [Sugiyama, Masaaki] Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Human Life Sci, Osaka, Japan.
   [Owen, Neville; Sugiyama, Takemi] Baker Heart & Diabet Inst, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
   [Owen, Neville; Sugiyama, Takemi] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Urban Transit, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
   [Owen, Neville] Univ Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
   [Owen, Neville] Univ Melbourne, Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
C3 University of the Sunshine Coast; Australian Catholic University; Osaka Metropolitan University; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute; Swinburne University of Technology; University of Queensland; University of Melbourne
RP Cole, R (通讯作者)，Univ Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Qld 4556, Australia.
EM rcole@usc.edu.au; masaaki.sugiyama@acu.edu.au; neville.owen@baker.edu.au; tsugiyama@swin.edu.au
FU NHMRC [569940]; Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program;  [1003960]; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) [569940] Funding Source: National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
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NR 42
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 18
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0264-2751
EI 1873-6084
J9 CITIES
JI Cities
PD JUL 15
PY 2021
VL 114
IS 
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1016/j.cities.2021.103200
EA APR 2021
PG 7
WC Urban Studies
SC Urban Studies
GA SI2ED
UT WOS:000654637700007
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Han, SJ
   Chang, JS
AF Han, Sangjin
   Chang, Justin S.
TI Identifying Priority Crosswalk Locations in Urban Road Networks
SO JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Pedestrian crosswalks; Crossings; Total travel costs; Network connectivity; Dial algorithm
ID pedestrian crossing behavior; built environment; walking; walkability; assignment; choice; safety; models; index; city
AB Pedestrian crosswalks are not always placed at optimal locations, and some crosswalks cause walkers to detour from their shortest routes. Some walkers run the risk of jaywalking to avoid detours, and it becomes the cause of fatalities and serious injuries. However, it is not easy to find systematic procedures to identify preferred locations of pedestrian crossings at the network level from the pedestrian viewpoint. This study proposes a method for identifying high priority crosswalk locations in urban road networks by assessing measures such as total travel costs and network connectivity. The total travel costs were calculated using conventional shortest path algorithms and network connectivity was measured by employing a modified Dial's algorithm (1971). Application of the proposed method to a test network showed that total travel cost was a suitable metric to identify appropriate crosswalk locations and connectivity clarified priority among candidate crosswalks. The proposed method is useful to help plan better pedestrian environments in urban road networks by providing crossing locations in the viewpoint of pedestrians.
C1 [Han, Sangjin] Korea Transport Inst, Ctr Transport Safety, Sejong 30147, South Korea.
   [Chang, Justin S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Environm Planning, Transportat Studies Grp, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
C3 Korea Transport Institute; Seoul National University (SNU)
RP Chang, JS (通讯作者)，Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Environm Planning, Transportat Studies Grp, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
EM han@koti.re.kr; jsc@snu.ac.kr
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NR 46
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 19
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9488
EI 1943-5444
J9 J URBAN PLAN DEV
JI J. Urban Plan. Dev
PD JUN 1
PY 2021
VL 147
IS 2
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000679
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Engineering; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA RZ4TN
UT WOS:000648590100031
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Xiao, WY
   Wei, YD
AF Xiao, Weiye
   Wei, Yehua Dennis
TI Multiscale Analysis of Urban Walkability and Pedestrian's Destination Choice
SO JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Walkability; Transport; Built environment; Destination choice; Spatial analysis
ID land-use measures; salt lake county; physical-activity; built environment; public-transit; leisure-time; social-class; neighborhood; walking; accessibility
AB Much attention has been paid to the relationship between the built environment and walking behavior. However, the findings are mixed due to different quantitative measures based on different research purposes or at different geographical scales. Various geographical scales to define neighborhood increase spatial uncertainty, which could make research outcomes biased. Drawing upon a household travel survey in Salt Lake County, Utah, this study implements a multiscale analysis to explore the people's walking behavior. A spatial filtering method is employed to examine the determinants of the walking density of the trip ends at the block level. We also construct a destination choice model to explore the determinants of people's mobility by walking at the trip level. The results suggest that a compact design and high population density contribute to high walking density but decrease walking mobility. Furthermore, mixed-land use does not help generate walking trips but creates destinations for walking and increases walking mobility. The geographically weighted regression (GWR) model suggests that the impact of mix-land use on people's walking behavior is sensitive to the local context. We also find that air pollution and traffic volume negatively influence the walking density and mobility.
C1 [Xiao, Weiye; Wei, Yehua Dennis] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
C3 Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah
RP Wei, YD (通讯作者)，Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
EM weiye.xiao@utah.edu; wei@geog.utah.edu
FU National Institute for Transportation Communities [69A3551747112]
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NR 52
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 42
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9488
EI 1943-5444
J9 J URBAN PLAN DEV
JI J. Urban Plan. Dev
PD MAR 15
PY 2021
VL 147
IS 1
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000638
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Engineering; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA TH8CV
UT WOS:000672312300008
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Sevtsuk, A
AF Sevtsuk, Andres
TI Estimating Pedestrian Flows on Street Networks Revisiting the Betweenness Index
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE betweenness; pedestrian mobility; route assignment; trip distribution; trip generation
AB Problem, research strategy, and findings City governments and planners alike commonly seek to increase pedestrian activity on city streets as part of broader sustainability, community building, and economic development strategies. Though walkability has received ample attention in planning literature, most planners still lack practical methods for predicting how development proposals could affect pedestrian activity on specific streets or public spaces at different times of the day. Cities typically require traffic impact assessments (TIAs) but not pedestrian impact assessments. In this study I present a methodology for estimating pedestrian trip generation and distribution between detailed origins and destinations in both existing and proposed built environments. Using the betweenness index from network analysis, I introduce a number of methodological improvements that allow the index to model pedestrian trips with parameters and constraints to account for pedestrian behavior in different settings. I demonstrate its application in the Kendall Square area of Cambridge (MA), where estimated foot traffic is compared during lunch and evening peak periods with observed pedestrian counts. Takeaway for practice The proposed approach can be particularly useful for TIAs, neighborhood plans, and large-scale development projects, where pedestrian flow estimates can be used to guide pedestrian infrastructure and safety improvements and public space investments or for locating pedestrian priority streets during the COVID-19 pandemic.
C1 [Sevtsuk, Andres] MIT, Urban Sci & Planning, City Form Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
C3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
RP Sevtsuk, A (通讯作者)，MIT, Urban Sci & Planning, City Form Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM asevtsuk@mit.edu
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NR 84
TC 51
Z9 62
U1 5
U2 47
PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0194-4363
EI 1939-0130
J9 J AM PLANN ASSOC
JI J. Am. Plan. Assoc.
PD OCT 2
PY 2021
VL 87
IS 4
BP 512
EP 526
DI 10.1080/01944363.2020.1864758
EA FEB 2021
PG 15
WC Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA WA2BW
UT WOS:000630674100001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Majumdar, BB
   Sahu, PK
   Patil, M
   Vendotti, N
AF Majumdar, Bandhan B.
   Sahu, Prasanta K.
   Patil, Mallikarjun
   Vendotti, Nikitha
TI Pedestrian Satisfaction-Based Methodology for Prioritization of Critical Sidewalk and Crosswalk Attributes Influencing Walkability
SO JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Sidewalk; Crosswalk; Pedestrian perception; TOPSIS; Importance-satisfaction analysis (ISA)
ID perceptions; evaluate; city; level; model; risk
AB Rapid urbanization combined with limited attention to walk-facilities has resulted in a substantial increase in overall pedestrian injuries and deaths in India. Developing policies based on user perception to improve existing pedestrian infrastructure is key to promoting safe and walkable pedestrian movement in urban areas. This paper demonstrates a pedestrian satisfaction-based methodology to prioritize an essential set of attributes influencing safety and walkability at sidewalks and crosswalks. Initially, an exhaustive set of 15 sidewalk- and 11 crosswalk-related attributes influencing safety and walkability were identified from a literature review. Subsequently, pedestrian perceptions of associated importance and satisfaction toward the identified attributes were collected using a five-point Likert scale. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at selected pedestrian crash-prone locations in Hyderabad, India. The data was analyzed using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a widely used multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method to rank the attributes based on user priority. Importance-satisfaction analysis (ISA) was then used to group the attributes in a set of quadrants based on associated standardized satisfaction and importance, respectively. The relative strength and weakness of different sidewalk and crosswalk attributes were measured and compared simultaneously using TOPSIS and ISA. Both TOPSIS and ISA were simultaneously used to estimate and compare various sidewalk and crosswalk attribute relative strengths and weaknesses. Results indicated that physical separation from traffic, sidewalk amenities, sidewalk width, sidewalk continuity, and sidewalk cleanliness were the most important sidewalk attributes, but were rated as less than satisfactory, requiring immediate intervention. The crosswalk-specific priority attributes requiring urgent attention were vehicle stop-line behavior, conflicts with turning traffic, zebra crossing, pedestrian holding space. These research findings are expected to be critical inputs for rational decision-making regarding pedestrian infrastructure improvement in developing countries in general and Indian cities in particular.
C1 [Majumdar, Bandhan B.; Sahu, Prasanta K.; Patil, Mallikarjun; Vendotti, Nikitha] BITS Pilani, Dept Civil Engn, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
C3 Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani (BITS Pilani)
RP Majumdar, BB (通讯作者)，BITS Pilani, Dept Civil Engn, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
EM bandykolkata@gmail.com; prasantsahu222@gmail.com; mallikarjunavpatil@gmail.com
FU DST SERB [SRG/2019/000725]; Awareness in Action
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NR 54
TC 39
Z9 46
U1 3
U2 72
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9488
EI 1943-5444
J9 J URBAN PLAN DEV
JI J. Urban Plan. Dev
PD SEP 15
PY 2021
VL 147
IS 3
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000718
PG 16
WC Engineering, Civil; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Engineering; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA TH8DH
UT WOS:000672313600023
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Koohsari, MJ
   Nakaya, T
   McCormack, GR
   Shibata, A
   Ishii, K
   Yasunaga, A
   Hanibuchi, T
   Oka, K
AF Koohsari, Mohammad Javad
   Nakaya, Tomoki
   McCormack, Gavin R.
   Shibata, Ai
   Ishii, Kaori
   Yasunaga, Akitomo
   Hanibuchi, Tomoya
   Oka, Koichiro
TI Traditional and novel walkable built environment metrics and social capital
SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING
LA English
DT Article
DE Urban design; Social capital; Walkability; Neighborhood; Urban form; Social sustainability
ID physical-activity; neighborhood walkability; sedentary behaviors; street connectivity; land-use; walking; urban; associations; community; sense
AB A rapidly growing body of literature has explored associations between urban design attributes, which are conducive to walking, and social capital. The current study aimed to build on the limitations of previous research. Specifically, this study estimated the associations between traditional and novel walkable built environment metrics and social capital among a sample of adults in Japan. Data (n = 1010) from a randomly selected cross-section of residents (40-69 years old) from two areas in Japan were included. Social capital was assessed by questionnaires. Several objective and perceived walkable built environment attributes were calculated. Covariate-adjusted multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate associations between neighborhood built attributes and the three social capital scores. Street connectivity was negatively associated with activities with neighbors (b = -0.21, 95% CI -0.31, -0.11). Perceived population density was negatively associated with all three social capital scores, including social cohesion, activities with neighbors, and social participation (b = -0.21, 95% CI -0.30, -0.11, b = -0.15, 95% CI -0.24, -0.06, and b = -0.16, 95% CI -0.29, -0.02, respectively). Traditional walkability and Walk Score (R) were negatively associated with activities with neighbors (b = -0.04, 95% CI -0.07, -0.00 and b = -0.09, 95% CI -0.15, -0.04, respectively). No significant associations were observed between perceived walkability and social capital scores. Space syntax walkability was negatively associated with social cohesion and activities with neighbors (b = -0.12, 95% CI -0.23, -0.01 and b = -0.11, 95% CI -0.21, -0.01, respectively). This study provided unique findings demonstrating that walkable built environments may not necessarily support social capital in ultrahigh-density Asian cities.
C1 [Koohsari, Mohammad Javad; McCormack, Gavin R.; Ishii, Kaori; Oka, Koichiro] Waseda Univ, Fac Sport Sci, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
   [Koohsari, Mohammad Javad] Baker Heart & Diabet Inst, Behav Epidemiol Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
   [Koohsari, Mohammad Javad] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
   [Nakaya, Tomoki; Hanibuchi, Tomoya] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
   [McCormack, Gavin R.] Univ Calgary, Cumming Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Calgary, AB, Canada.
   [McCormack, Gavin R.] Univ Calgary, Fac Kinesiol, Calgary, AB, Canada.
   [McCormack, Gavin R.] Univ Calgary, Sch Architecture Planning & Landscape, Calgary, AB, Canada.
   [Shibata, Ai] Univ Tsukuba, Fac Hlth & Sport Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
   [Yasunaga, Akitomo] Bunka Gakuen Univ, Fac Liberal Arts & Sci, Tokyo, Japan.
C3 Waseda University; University of Melbourne; Tohoku University; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Tsukuba
RP Koohsari, MJ (通讯作者)，2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 3591192, Japan.
EM mkoohsari@unimelb.edu.au; tomoki.nakaya.c8@tohoku.ac.jp; Gavin.McCormack@ucalgary.ca; Shibata.ai.ga@u.tsukuba.ac.jp; ishiikaori@waseda.jp; yasunaga@bunka.ac.jp; koka@waseda.jp
FU JSPS KAKENHI [20H00040]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research Foundations Scheme Grant [FDN-154331]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences (KAKENHI ) [18KK0371, 17H00947]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [20H04113]; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17H00947, 18KK0371] Funding Source: KAKEN
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NR 94
TC 32
Z9 39
U1 2
U2 57
PU ELSEVIER
PI AMSTERDAM
PA RADARWEG 29, 1043 NX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0169-2046
EI 1872-6062
J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN
JI Landsc. Urban Plan.
PD OCT 15
PY 2021
VL 214
IS 
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104184
PG 11
WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA TU5YM
UT WOS:000681111700005
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, Q
   Lin, H
   Bao, JY
AF Zhou, Qi
   Lin, Hao
   Bao, Junya
TI Spatial autoregressive analysis of nationwide street network patterns with global open data
SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Street network pattern; urban form; orientation entropy; landscape factor; spatial autoregressive model
AB The study of street network patterns is beneficial in understanding the layout or physical form of a city. Many studies have analyzed street network patterns, but the similarity and/or difference of street network patterns across a country or region are rarely quantitatively understood. To fill this gap, this research proposes a quantitative analysis of street network patterns nationwide. Specifically, the street network patterns across a country or region were first mapped, and then the relationship between such patterns and various landscape factors (calculated based on global open data) was quantitatively investigated by employing three regression models (ordinary least squares, spatial lag model, and spatial error model). Not only the whole region of China but also its subregions were used as study areas, which involved a total of 362 prefecture-level cities and 2081 built-up areas for analysis. Results showed that (1) similar street network patterns are spatially aggregated; (2) a number of factors, including both land-cover and terrain factors, are found to be significantly correlated with street network patterns; and (3) the spatial lag model is preferred in most of the application scenarios. Not only the analytical method and data can be applied to other countries and regions but also these findings are useful for understanding street network patterns and their associated urban forms in a country or region.
C1 [Zhou, Qi; Lin, Hao; Bao, Junya] China Univ Geosci, Sch Geog & Informat Engn, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
C3 China University of Geosciences
RP Zhou, Q (通讯作者)，China Univ Geosci, Sch Geog & Informat Engn, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
EM zhouqi@cug.edu.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41771428]
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NR 43
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 52
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 2399-8083
EI 2399-8091
J9 ENVIRON PLAN B-URBAN
JI Env. Plan. B-Urban Anal. City Sci.
PD NOV 15
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 9
BP 2743
EP 2760
DI 10.1177/2399808320987846
EA JAN 2021
PG 18
WC Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA XG9JW
UT WOS:000626705000001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Li, MY
   Liu, JX
   Lin, YF
   Xiao, LZ
   Zhou, JP
AF Li, Miaoyi
   Liu, Jixiang
   Lin, Yifei
   Xiao, Longzhu
   Zhou, Jiangping
TI Revitalizing historic districts: Identifying built environment predictors for street vibrancy based on urban sensor data
SO CITIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Historic district; Urban vibrancy; Pedestrian volume; Urban sensor data; Built environment; Beijing; China
ID space syntax; walking behavior; air-quality; vitality; weather; comfort; safety; preservation; impact; areas
AB Vibrancy is indispensable and beneficial for revitalization of historic districts. Hence, identifying built environment predictors for vibrancy is of great interest to urban practitioners and policy makers. However, it is challenging. On the one hand, there is no consensus in selection of appropriate proxy for vibrancy. On the other hand, the built environment is multidimensional, but limited studies examined its impacts on vibrancy from different dimensions simultaneously. The Baitasi Area is a typical historic district in Beijing, China. In this study, on the basis of a long-term repeatedly measured dataset generated from the Citygrid sensors, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of street vibrancy in Baitasi Area and examined its built environment predictors in two seasons (i.e., summer/autumn and winter), with pedestrian volume as the proxy for vibrancy and built environment portrayed from four different dimensions (i.e., morphology, configuration, function, and landscape). We found that (1) the street vibrancy in Baitasi Area is temporally relatively evenly distributed, but with higher spatial concentration; (2) microclimate and built environment are more significant in winter than in summer/autumn; (3) street morphology and configuration features are more significant predictors than street function and landscape features; (4) generally, streets with higher point of interest (POI) diversity, higher buildings, and stronger network connection tend to have higher vibrancy. This study provides decision makers with insights in revitalizing historic districts.
C1 [Li, Miaoyi; Lin, Yifei] Fuzhou Univ, Sch Architecture & Urban & Rural Planning, Fuzhou, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Jixiang; Zhou, Jiangping] Univ Hong Kong, Fac Architecture, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Xiao, Longzhu] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Architecture & Civil Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Fuzhou University; University of Hong Kong; City University of Hong Kong
RP Liu, JX (通讯作者)，Univ Hong Kong, Dept Urban Planning & Design, Room 841,Knowles Bldg,Pok Fu Lam Rd, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM myli@fzu.edu.cn; u3004679@hku.hk; longzxiao2-c@my.cityu.edu.hk
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [52008112]
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NR 93
TC 99
Z9 107
U1 26
U2 315
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0264-2751
EI 1873-6084
J9 CITIES
JI Cities
PD OCT 15
PY 2021
VL 117
IS 
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1016/j.cities.2021.103305
EA JUN 2021
PG 14
WC Urban Studies
SC Urban Studies
GA UI4OM
UT WOS:000690588600012
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Lee, H
   Mayer, H
AF Lee, Hyunjung
   Mayer, Helmut
TI Solar elevation impact on the heat stress mitigation of pedestrians on tree-lined sidewalks of E-W street canyons-Analysis under Central European heat wave conditions
SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING
LA English
DT Article
DE ENVI-met simulations; Human heat stress mitigation; Shading patterns; Solar elevation impact; Tree crown projection areas
AB For both tree-lined sidewalks of a shallow and deep E-W street canyon located in the city of Freiburg (Southwest Germany), the solar elevation impact on the magnitude of the daytime human heat stress mitigation (hhsm) is analysed in dependence of different tree scenarios. Identic ENVI-met simulations are carried out on the summer solstice day 21 June 2003 and heat wave day 4 August 2003. All simulation scenarios indicate an almost negligible solar elevation impact on hhsm in terms of spatiotemporal averaged air temperature. The results achieved on both simulation days for the spatiotemporal averaged mean radiation temperature (T-mrt) and physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) as well as spatially high-resolution PET reflect that the north-facing sidewalk in both street canyons is entirely shaded by the south-bounding building. Secondarily it is influenced by lower radiant flux densities from the trees near the curb edges of both sidewalks. On both simulation days, the south-facing sidewalk in the shallow street canyon is only shaded by the tree crowns. In the deep street canyon, however, the south-facing sidewalk is completely shaded on 4 August by the south-bounding building, while on 21 June this shade is limited to its southern half, i.e. its northern half is directly influenced by the shade of trees. Due to these shading conditions, the results focused on pedestrians on both sidewalks show different patterns of the solar elevation impact on T-mrt and PET as well as hhsm in terms of T-mrt and PET. While increasing tree crown projection areas lead to a lower solar elevation impact on T-mrt and PET, they cause a more distinct hhsm in terms of T-mrt and PET for higher solar elevations. The non-negligible magnitude of the solar elevation impact in all scenarios leads to the recommendation to carry out ensemble simulations in order to achieve T-mrt, PET, hhsm-T-mrt and hhsm-PET results, which are reliable for planning applications.
C1 [Lee, Hyunjung] City Stuttgart, Off Environm Protect, Dept Urban Climatol, Gaisburgstr 4, D-70182 Stuttgart, Germany.
   [Mayer, Helmut] Albert Ludwigs Univ Freiburg, Chair Environm Meteorol, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany.
C3 University of Freiburg
RP Lee, H (通讯作者)，City Stuttgart, Off Environm Protect, Dept Urban Climatol, Gaisburgstr 4, D-70182 Stuttgart, Germany.
EM Hyunjung.Lee@stuttgart.de
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NR 41
TC 30
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER GMBH
PI MUNICH
PA HACKERBRUCKE 6, 80335 MUNICH, GERMANY
SN 1618-8667
EI 1610-8167
J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE
JI Urban For. Urban Green.
PD MAR 15
PY 2021
VL 58
IS 
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126905
EA FEB 2021
PG 12
WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies
GA QK8UV
UT WOS:000620656100008
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Liu, L
   Silva, EA
   Yang, ZS
AF Liu, Lun
   Silva, Elisabete A.
   Yang, Zhenshan
TI Similar outcomes, different paths: Tracing the relationship between neighborhood-scale built environment and travel behavior using activity-based modelling
SO CITIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Built environment; Neighborhood-scale; Travel behavior; Activity-based model; Beijing
AB The relationship between the built environment and travel behavior has long been a hot research topic. However, most existing research focus on aggregate measures of the patterns of daily travel (e.g. vehicle miles travelled, total distance travelled), while the mechanisms and processes that lead to these outcomes are much less researched. We therefore propose an activity-based model that simulates people's detailed decision making in daily travel and the influences of the neighborhood-scale built environment throughout the process, using Beijing as the study case. More specifically, it deals with eight activity types, eleven most common activity plans, 652 traffic analysis zones, six time slots and four travel modes. The model is then applied to simulate how people's travel behavior would change in response to changes in the built environment. The simulation is implemented by changing the built environment conditions. The major advantage of the model lies in its ability to 'trace back' the influence of the built environment on aggregate travel outcomes to detailed travel aspects, such as activity frequency, travel distance for various purposes, mode choice, etc. The simulation results show that although compact design generally reduce VMT, the mechanisms of influence by different built environment variables vary, e.g. through a major impact on the mode choice or through distributed impacts on several travel aspects.
C1 [Liu, Lun] Peking Univ, Sch Govt, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Silva, Elisabete A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Land Econ, Lab Interdisciplinary Spatial Anal, Cambridge, England.
   [Yang, Zhenshan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Peking University; University of Cambridge; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS
RP Liu, L (通讯作者)，Peking Univ, Liaokaiyuan Bldg, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
EM liu.lun@pku.edu.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [52008005]
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NR 44
TC 20
Z9 23
U1 3
U2 93
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0264-2751
EI 1873-6084
J9 CITIES
JI Cities
PD MAR 15
PY 2021
VL 110
IS 
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1016/j.cities.2020.103061
PG 10
WC Urban Studies
SC Urban Studies
GA QH8SY
UT WOS:000618544000008
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Alhajaj, N
   Daghistani, F
AF Alhajaj, Nawaf
   Daghistani, Farouk
TI Hybrid method for measuring the accessibility and safety of students' walking routes in car-dominated campuses
SO URBAN DESIGN INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Measuring method; Walking route; University campus; Accessibility; Safety
ID irvine-minnesota inventory; measure built environments; physical-activity; transportation; walkability; validity; city
AB Creating a systematic, simple, and inexpensive method to measure walking route accessibility and safety is important for improving walkability in car-dominated university campuses. This study is the first to design and test a method to improve walking environments in Saudi Arabia's university campuses. The chosen method involved two strategies that created accessibility and safety indices: a student perception questionnaire rating students' frequently used walking routes (five-point Likert scale) and a walking route checklist rating the same walking routes through field observations (three-point Likert scale). After testing the method on four study zones in King Abdulaziz University campus, the results confirmed its simplicity and efficiency in measuring numerous walkability items. The method effectively highlights walking routes that require improvements, and administrations worldwide can adopt the method to plan and manage campus facilities.
C1 [Alhajaj, Nawaf; Daghistani, Farouk] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Architecture & Planning, POB 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
C3 King Abdulaziz University
RP Alhajaj, N (通讯作者)，King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Architecture & Planning, POB 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
EM nalhajaj@kau.edu.sa; fdaghistani@kau.edu.sa
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NR 55
TC 7
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 40
PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND
SN 1357-5317
EI 1468-4519
J9 URBAN DES INT
JI Urban Des. Int.
PD MAR 15
PY 2021
VL 26
IS 1
BP 53
EP 66
DI 10.1057/s41289-020-00149-z
EA JAN 2021
PG 14
WC Architecture; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Architecture; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA QU2XP
UT WOS:000607341100001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Boumaraf, H
   Amireche, L
AF Boumaraf, Hocine
   Amireche, Louisa
TI Thermal comfort and pedestrian behaviors in urban public spaces in cities with warm and dry climates
SO OPEN HOUSE INTERNATIONAL-SUSTAINABLE & SMART ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN STUDIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Public space; Socially and culturally sustainable architecture and urban design; Behaviors of pedestrians; Duration of stations; Microclimatic characteristics; Occupancy density
ID outdoor; environment; hot; microclimate; perception; region; choice
AB Purpose The purpose of this paper is to move beyond the stage of analysis of exclusively physical microclimatic phenomena and extending ourselves to the study of the impact of the microclimate environment on the user behavior in public spaces. This paper will open up new opportunities for the development of urban open spaces and facilitate the decision-making for urban decision-makers, city managers and planners to make the right urban planning decision. Design/methodology/approach The methodology for identifying the links between microclimatic quality of urban routes and behaviors was developed on the basis of the results obtained from field surveys carried out in nine public urban areas of the city of Biskra, three urban space are located in a traditional urban fabric (the medina) and the other five in new urban areas, in the two climatic seasons (winter, summer) of 2019. For this exploratory research, two types of instruments were used to collect data from environmental and human monitoring. Findings Improving microclimatic conditions in urban spaces can allow people to spend more time outside, with the possibility of increasing their social cohesion. The overall objective of this research is to better understand the impact of microclimatic characteristics on pedestrian behavior of nine selected public urban spaces in the city of Biskra, Algeria. To characterize this impact, the authors developed an approach based on crossing data of field surveys, including structured interviews with a questionnaire and observations of human activities (video recordings), as well as microclimate monitoring, conducted during the two climatic seasons (winter, summer) 2019. The analysis of the results allowed to verify the impact of the two climatic seasons (winter, summer) on the variation in the density of occupancy of the different urban areas studied and the duration of the user stations. The authors also illustrated that the number of individuals higher in the traditional urban spaces of the city of Biskra or the conditions of climate comfort are more comfortable than the urban spaces in the new urban areas of the city of Biskra during the summer, which is the season most problematic. Originality/value In recent years, there has been a proliferation of scientific studies on the subject of control of microclimatic characteristics and, in particular, on the consideration of the thermal comfort of persons by qualitative analysis, prediction and representation of the perception of external environments. Improving microclimatic conditions in urban spaces can allow people to spend more time outside, with the possibility of increasing their social cohesion. This study highlights the importance of climate-conscious urban design and design flexibility. Urban environments can be modified in summer and winter to provide a better outdoor thermal environment for users. In addition, this study also shows the importance of harmony between microclimate and urban design. Such harmony can be achieved by including requirements for a climate-conscious urban design in the planning regulations for cities in arid zones.
C1 [Boumaraf, Hocine] Univ Sci & Technol Houari Boumediene, Fac Earth Sci & Country Planning, Algiers, Algeria.
   [Amireche, Louisa] Houari Boumediene Univ Sci & Technol, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria.
C3 University Science & Technology Houari Boumediene; University Science & Technology Houari Boumediene
RP Boumaraf, H (通讯作者)，Univ Sci & Technol Houari Boumediene, Fac Earth Sci & Country Planning, Algiers, Algeria.
EM hocineboumaraf@yahoo.fr; amirechelouisa@gmail.com
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NR 43
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 47
PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD
PI Leeds
PA Floor 5, Northspring 21-23 Wellington Street, Leeds, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 0168-2601
EI 2633-9838
J9 OPEN HOUSE INT
JI Open House Int.
PD JUN 15
PY 2021
VL 46
IS 1
BP 143
EP 159
DI 10.1108/OHI-06-2020-0060
PG 17
WC Architecture; Environmental Studies; Urban Studies
SC Architecture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies
GA TV0UT
UT WOS:000681444500010
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Jordan, SW
   Ivey, S
AF Jordan, Samuel W.
   Ivey, Stephanie
TI Complete Streets: Promises and Proof
SO JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Complete streets; Outcomes; Benefits; Analysis
ID urban transport; people; impact
AB The Complete Streets movement has been steadily gaining attention in the United States over the last 16 years. Adoption of policies that encourage street designers to consider the needs of all users-and not only automobile users-have become more widespread, with over 1,400 US jurisdictions formally embracing Complete Streets policies. The promised benefits of Complete Streets policies are far reaching, but rigorous studies proving these benefits are rare. This paper reviews the state of the practice of Complete Streets and some attempts to catalogue the outputs and outcomes of Complete Streets projects, and analyzes case studies to determine best practices.
C1 [Jordan, Samuel W.; Ivey, Stephanie] Univ Memphis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Engn Admin Bldg Room 302D,3795 Cent Ave, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
C3 University of Memphis
RP Jordan, SW (通讯作者)，Univ Memphis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Engn Admin Bldg Room 302D,3795 Cent Ave, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
EM swjordan@memphis.edu; ssalyers@memphis.edu
FU Intermodal Freight Transportation Institute at the University of Memphis; Dwight D. Eisenhower Transportation Fellowship Program
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NR 75
TC 22
Z9 30
U1 7
U2 72
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9488
EI 1943-5444
J9 J URBAN PLAN DEV
JI J. Urban Plan. Dev
PD JUN 1
PY 2021
VL 147
IS 2
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000684
PG 10
WC Engineering, Civil; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Engineering; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA RZ4TN
UT WOS:000648590100025
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Sun, GB
   Webster, C
   Zhang, XH
AF Sun, Guibo
   Webster, Chris
   Zhang, Xiaohu
TI Connecting the city: A three-dimensional pedestrian network of Hong Kong
SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Connectivity; high-density city; three-dimensional; pedestrian network; urban design
ID physical-activity; accessibility; map
AB The purpose of the paper is to investigate how a three-dimensional pedestrian network reshapes connectivity and helps to integrate the built environment of high-density cities. Using the case of Hong Kong, first, we elaborate how a continuous three-dimensional network constitutes an entirely different urban morphological spatial hierarchy compared to two-dimensional because of the footbridge system, underground connected with metro stations, and paths connected with mall developments. Second, we construct a three-dimensional pedestrian network model classifying segments into 23 categories with multi-height levels (e.g. sidewalk, footbridge, underground, crosswalk, ramp, paths on the building roof). Then we map the three-dimensional network for Hong Kong territory in a geographic information system, finding that the three-dimensional pedestrian network is 2.4 times in length and 8.5 times in link size greater than the road network. Connectivity comparison through a betweenness measure found striking differences between the two networks and indicated that footbridges and underground links could enhance walkability when they are well connected with the ground-level networks. Since road networks are widely used as a proxy for pedestrian analysis, we suggest that active travel optimisation planning, especially in high-density cities, requires a bespoke three-dimensional pedestrian model. The three-dimensional pedestrian network, enabling multi-level city living in a vertical metropolis, is a fundamental consideration in urban planning and design practices for high-density cities.
C1 [Sun, Guibo; Webster, Chris; Zhang, Xiaohu] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Urban Planning & Design, KB821, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Hong Kong
RP Zhang, XH (通讯作者)，Univ Hong Kong, Dept Urban Planning & Design, KB821, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM siufu@connect.hku.hk
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NR 24
TC 70
Z9 77
U1 9
U2 138
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 2399-8083
EI 2399-8091
J9 ENVIRON PLAN B-URBAN
JI Env. Plan. B-Urban Anal. City Sci.
PD JAN 15
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 1
BP 60
EP 75
DI 10.1177/2399808319847204
PG 16
WC Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA PY6EO
UT WOS:000612136400005
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Lesan, M
   Gjerde, M
AF Lesan, Maryam
   Gjerde, Morten
TI Sidewalk design in multi-cultural settings: a study of street furniture layout and design
SO URBAN DESIGN INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Street furniture; Sidewalks; Social activity; Multi-culturalism
ID public space design; urban; culture
AB Public space, and all the complexities surrounding its creation and management, continues to be the domain of urban designers. In multi-cultural societies, the users of public space come from a diverse range of social and ethnic backgrounds, each with some unique needs and interests. Because of this, it can be assumed that social, cultural, and economic characteristics of people living in an area should be evident in the design and use of the public spaces. The research reported in this paper identifies the sidewalk design characteristics and furniture arrangements that can foster social activities amongst people from diverse cultural backgrounds. The research followed a mixed, multi-staged methodology. Stage one used structured field observations and surveys of street users. Three suburban centre streets in two New Zealand cities were studied in this way to understand the patterns of usage along their length. Stage two sought people's preferences for different street design configurations through an on-line survey. The main conclusion from this research is that the seating preferences of different ethnicities are in many ways similar. However, people make specific decisions on where to sit based on the location, orientation and arrangement of seating and how it relates to different land-use activities. The findings confirm that a complex set of factors influence social activity along streets and that, in light of this, designers should become familiar with the diverse needs and expectations of those who make use of the sidewalks.
C1 [Lesan, Maryam] Noshirvani Univ Technol, Shariati Ave, Babol Sar 4714871167, Mazandaran, Iran.
   [Gjerde, Morten] Victoria Univ Wellington, Fac Architecture & Design, 139 Vivian St, Wellington 6011, New Zealand.
C3 Babol Noshirvani University of Technology; Victoria University Wellington
RP Lesan, M (通讯作者)，Noshirvani Univ Technol, Shariati Ave, Babol Sar 4714871167, Mazandaran, Iran.
EM m.lesan@nit.ac.ir
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NR 48
TC 22
Z9 30
U1 7
U2 110
PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND
SN 1357-5317
EI 1468-4519
J9 URBAN DES INT
JI Urban Des. Int.
PD MAR 15
PY 2021
VL 26
IS 1
BP 21
EP 41
DI 10.1057/s41289-020-00121-x
EA MAR 2020
PG 21
WC Architecture; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Architecture; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA QU2XP
UT WOS:000521682600001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Shaer, A
   Rezaei, M
   Rahimi, BM
   Shaer, F
AF Shaer, Amin
   Rezaei, Meysam
   Rahimi, Behnam Moghani
   Shaer, Fatemeh
TI Examining the associations between perceived built environment and active travel, before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in Shiraz city, Iran
SO CITIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Central businesses district (CBD); Coronavirus; Active travel; Built environment; Pandemic
ID older-adults; physical-activity; neighborhood environment; walkability; walking; health; life
AB This study aims to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and policies to control the outbreak such as quarantine, jobs closures, and traffic restrictions on active travel of Central Businesses District (CBD) residents in comparison with the non-CBD residents of Shiraz, Iran; and examine the relationship between perceived built environment factors and active travel in the pre- and post-outbreak. The results indicate that the most effective individuals factors on active travel are bicycle and car ownership, and built environment characteristics are walkability, bikeability, security, aesthetics, traffic calming, intersections safety, land uses diversity and density, destination accessibility, street pattern, and bike-sharing infrastructures. Also, the average walking and cycling time of the CBD residents before and after the outbreak is more than that of the non-CBD residents, which is due to the quality of built environment factors in the CBD. A built environment with mixed, diverse, dense and accessible land uses, as well as safe and secure cycling and walking routes have major effects on active travel in the crisis. Hence, it is suggested that policymakers take action to make the environment more people-friendly to maintain citizens' mobility in the critical situation, when many travel modes have lost their efficiency.
C1 [Shaer, Amin] Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Transportat Engn, Esfahan, Iran.
   [Rezaei, Meysam] Univ Jiroft, Dept Geog, Fac Literature & Humanities, Geog & Urban Planning, Kerman, Iran.
   [Rahimi, Behnam Moghani] Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Dept Geog, Fac Literature & Humanities, Geog & Urban Planning, Kerman, Iran.
   [Shaer, Fatemeh] Univ Isfahan, Fac Geog Sci & Planning, Esfahan, Iran.
C3 Isfahan University of Technology; Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman (SBUK); University of Isfahan
RP Rezaei, M (通讯作者)，Univ Jiroft, Dept Geog, Fac Literature & Humanities, Geog & Urban Planning, Kerman, Iran.
EM m_rezaei3000@yahoo.com
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NR 58
TC 69
Z9 73
U1 5
U2 88
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0264-2751
EI 1873-6084
J9 CITIES
JI Cities
PD AUG 15
PY 2021
VL 115
IS 
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1016/j.cities.2021.103255
EA MAY 2021
PG 12
WC Urban Studies
SC Urban Studies
GA TE6BB
UT WOS:000670095100013
PM 36090382
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Ozuduru, BH
   Webster, CJ
   Chiaradia, AJF
   Yucesoy, E
AF Ozuduru, Burcu H.
   Webster, Chris J.
   Chiaradia, Alain J. F.
   Yucesoy, Eda
TI Associating street-network centrality with spontaneous and planned subcentres
SO URBAN STUDIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Ankara; accessibility; centrality; city centres; clustering; street network
ID economic-activity; accessibility; location; retail; agglomeration; centers; space; road; geography; shanghai
AB Scientific studies have long demonstrated how economic activities regularly distribute themselves within a city in response to geographical centrality. Following the growing interest in network geography in understanding urban dynamics, rather than measuring centrality (accessibility) bya prioriknowledge of central business district (CBD) locations, in this article we measure the centrality of each link in a city's street network, modelled as a topological graph. We use this to understand clustering behaviour of firms by industrial classification in the city of Ankara, Turkey. Our underlying hypothesis rests on the assumption that the geometry and topology of an urban grid contains accessibility information about the distribution of agglomeration economies and diseconomies, and that different types of enterprises are sensitive to this distribution in various ways. Among other things, the results of the study allow us to predict the evolution of what we call candidate centres (locations that could, by virtue of their connectivity footprint, become subcentres), actual subcentres and CBD functions in response to changes in a city's street network. Decoding how commercial cluster locations interact with the detailed pattern of street-network-based centralities will be helpful for urban planning policy, in particular for commercial zoning decisions such as expanding CBDs and identifying locations for new subcentres that have an acceptable chance of success.
C1 [Ozuduru, Burcu H.] Gazi Univ, Ankara, Turkey.
   [Webster, Chris J.; Chiaradia, Alain J. F.] Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Yucesoy, Eda] Istanbul Sehir Univ, Istanbul, Turkey.
C3 Gazi University; University of Hong Kong; Istanbul Sehir University
RP Ozuduru, BH (通讯作者)，Gazi Univ, Fac Architecture, Dept City & Reg Planning, Celal Bayar Blvd, TR-06570 Maltepe, Turkey.
EM bozuduru@gazi.edu.tr
FU Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [113K138]
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NR 73
TC 24
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 38
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0042-0980
EI 1360-063X
J9 URBAN STUD
JI Urban Stud.
PD AUG 15
PY 2021
VL 58
IS 10
BP 2059
EP 2078
DI 10.1177/0042098020931302
EA JUL 2020
PG 20
WC Environmental Studies; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies
GA TK4LH
UT WOS:000545228300001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Carpio-Pinedo, J
   Menéndez, EP
   Daudén, FJL
   García, EH
AF Carpio-Pinedo, Jose
   Pozo Menendez, Elisa
   Lamiquiz Dauden, Francisco Jose
   Higueras Garcia, Ester
TI When a city must be a tree: rethinking the spatial approach to fighting epidemics based on the notion of 'intermediate confinement'
SO URBAN DESIGN INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Network analysis; Urban Health; Neighbourhood Unit; Walkable city; Pandemics; Covid-19
AB Principles of sustainability defend compactness, density and diversity as main characteristics of the optimal development of cities. These factors support public transport efficiency, economic activity, accessibility to equipments and services, proximity and walkability of streets and social exchanges in open public spaces. The Covid-19 pandemic crisis has called into question these factors perceived as booster of infections. However, dense and compact cities can also be the synonym of a more efficient provision of services, along with solidarity networks and creative solutions to fight the sanitary and economic crisis. Based on Alexander's (1965) concepts of 'tree' and 'semi-lattice', this study aims to identify areas in the urban tissue that could be self-sufficient, that is functionally autonomous to manage epidemics from the neighbourhood scale. Encouraging healthier lifestyles during lockdown is fundamental for social resilience. What alternative spatial approach to fighting epidemics could perform better? How could an "intermediate confinement" based on self-sufficiency and the promotion of healthier environments become a major priority for action? The analysis of Madrid (Spain) offers a suitable case study due to its density, diversity and high contagiousness during the Covid-19 crisis, revealing also some issues to apply such 'intermediate confinement' strategy, due to major spatial imbalances.
C1 [Carpio-Pinedo, Jose; Pozo Menendez, Elisa; Lamiquiz Dauden, Francisco Jose; Higueras Garcia, Ester] Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Tecn Super Arquitectura Madrid, Ave Juan Herrera 4, Madrid 28040, Spain.
C3 Universidad Politecnica de Madrid
RP Menéndez, EP (通讯作者)，Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Tecn Super Arquitectura Madrid, Ave Juan Herrera 4, Madrid 28040, Spain.
EM jose.carpio@upm.es; e.pozo@upm.es; francisco.lamiquiz@upm.es; ester.higueras@upm.es
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NR 82
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 36
PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND
SN 1357-5317
EI 1468-4519
J9 URBAN DES INT
JI Urban Des. Int.
PD DEC 15
PY 2021
VL 26
IS 4
BP 332
EP 347
DI 10.1057/s41289-021-00160-y
EA MAR 2021
PG 16
WC Architecture; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Architecture; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA WT4MR
UT WOS:000625621300003
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Hatamzadeh, Y
   Habibian, M
   Khodaii, A
AF Hatamzadeh, Yaser
   Habibian, Meeghat
   Khodaii, Ali
TI Commuters' Preference to Walk: Developing a Structural Equation Model Considering Current Amount of Walking and Subjective and Environmental Factors
SO JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Walking for transportation; Tendency; Structural equation modeling; Work-tour
ID physical-activity; built environment; neighborhood environment; choice behavior; travel; distance; transportation; walkability; design
AB One important research question related to walking for transportation is whether people like to walk more or not. Past research on walking-related travel behavior has mainly considered objective measures of walking, quantifying trips that were actually taken. This paper emphasized tendency to walk more (TWM) as a subjective measure of walking in traveling to/from work. Data was collected in 2015 in the urban area of Rasht, Iran from 432 working commuters. A full-scale structural equation model was applied to explore relationships between the TWM and variables measuring the current amount of walking, attitudes, individual personality, and built-environment characteristics. Results showed that the current amount of walking was the highest determinant of TWM. Results demonstrated that positive attitudes toward walking affect the TWM both directly and indirectly and its effects were even greater than having a walkable environment. Considering the indirect effect of positive attitudes on the TWM increased the total effect of this variable by 13.8% relative to the model with the direct effect only while keeping all other relationships in the two models the same.
C1 [Hatamzadeh, Yaser; Habibian, Meeghat; Khodaii, Ali] Amirkabir Univ Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Transportat Planning, Tehran 158754413, Iran.
C3 Amirkabir University of Technology
RP Habibian, M (通讯作者)，Amirkabir Univ Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Transportat Planning, Tehran 158754413, Iran.
EM y_hatamzadeh@yahoo.co.uk; habibian@aut.ac.ir; khodaii@aut.ac.ir
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NR 64
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 41
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9488
EI 1943-5444
J9 J URBAN PLAN DEV
JI J. Urban Plan. Dev
PD DEC 1
PY 2021
VL 147
IS 4
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000714
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Engineering; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA WI1KI
UT WOS:000708124500025
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Zhong, HT
   Li, W
   Boarnet, MG
AF Zhong, Haotian
   Li, Wei
   Boarnet, Marlon G.
TI A two-dimensional propensity score matching method for longitudinal quasi-experimental studies: A focus on travel behavior and the built environment
SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Built environment; travel behavior; causal inference; propensity score matching
ID residential self-selection; reduction
AB The lack of longitudinal studies of the relationship between the built environment and travel behavior has been widely discussed in the literature. This paper discusses how standard propensity score matching estimators can be extended to enable such studies by pairing observations across two dimensions: longitudinal and cross-sectional. Researchers mimic randomized controlled trials and match observations in both dimensions to find synthetic control groups that are similar to the treatment group and to match subjects across before- and after-treatment periods. We call this a two-dimensional propensity score matching method. This method demonstrates superior performance for improving treatment effect estimation based on Monte Carlo evidence. A near-term opportunity for such matching is identifying the treatment effect of transportation infrastructure on travel behavior.
C1 [Zhong, Haotian] Renmin Univ China, Sch Publ Adm & Policy, Urban Sci & Planning, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Li, Wei] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, Urban Planning, College Stn, TX USA.
   [Boarnet, Marlon G.] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA.
C3 Renmin University of China; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Southern California
RP Li, W (通讯作者)，Texas A&M Univ, Coll Architecture, Dept Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM wli@tamu.edu
FU National Science Foundation [1461766]; Division Of Behavioral and Cognitive Sci; Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie [1461766] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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NR 27
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 7
U2 54
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 2399-8083
EI 2399-8091
J9 ENVIRON PLAN B-URBAN
JI Env. Plan. B-Urban Anal. City Sci.
PD SEP 15
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 7
BP 2110
EP 2122
DI 10.1177/2399808320982305
EA DEC 2020
PG 13
WC Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA UO4HU
UT WOS:000626688400001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Moran, ME
AF Moran, Marcel E.
TI What's your angle? Analyzing angled parking via satellite imagery to aid bike-network planning
SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Parking; satellite imagery; complete streets
ID complete streets
AB U.S. cities prioritize the storage of automobiles over the safe movement of bicycles. While this generally occurs by allocating street curbs for car parking instead of bike lanes, the privileging of the automobile is even more evident in the case ofangledparking, in which cars sit roughly perpendicular to the flow of traffic. Such a layout takes up nearly double the space in the right of way as does parallel parking, which leaves even less room for bike lanes. Though angled parking is defended as a traffic-calming measure, numerous studies indicate that this layout is associated with higher rates of collisions than parallel parking. In addition, angled parking also inherently increases the number of cars that can be parked along a given curb, which incentivizes automobile travel generally. However, one challenge of understanding the impact that angled parking has on safety and bicycle infrastructure is that cities do not always maintain accurate records as to where angled parking occurs. For example, San Francisco, CA has ambitious air-quality, climate-mitigation, and active transportation goals, all of which are undermined by angled parking. Yet, its supply of this parking layout is unquantified, given that parking angle was omitted from the city's parking census. This study uses satellite imagery to resolve this data gap, and calculates that San Francisco dedicates 50 miles of street curbs to angled parking. While some assume angled parking is a planning response to San Francisco's famed hills, the majority of it occurs on streets with no incline at all. As to angled parking's traffic-calming effect, this benefit appears to be non-existent in San Francisco; average vehicle speeds differed by less than a half-mile per hour between angled-parking streets and adjacent non-angled streets. The angled parking identified here-particularly the four miles that overlap with the city's bike-lane network-represents opportunities for conversion to more balanced road layouts. Overall, this methodology can serve as the basis for identifying angled parking in other cities, a configuration that should be re-evaluated by transportation planners given its car-centric effects, debatable ability to calm traffic, and preclusion of separated bicycle facilities.
C1 [Moran, Marcel E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept City & Reg Planning, 230 Wurster Hall 1820, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
C3 University of California System; University of California Berkeley
RP Moran, ME (通讯作者)，Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept City & Reg Planning, 230 Wurster Hall 1820, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM moranm@berkeley.edu
CR Unknown -, 2017, AIR QUAL COMM RISK R, V0, P0
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NR 35
TC 7
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 16
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 2399-8083
EI 2399-8091
J9 ENVIRON PLAN B-URBAN
JI Env. Plan. B-Urban Anal. City Sci.
PD SEP 15
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 7
BP 1912
EP 1925
DI 10.1177/2399808320954205
EA SEP 2020
PG 14
WC Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA UO4HU
UT WOS:000565900300001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Maciel, FBM
   Zampieri, FLL
AF Maciel, Filipe B. M.
   Zampieri, Fabio L. L.
TI Co-presence patterns in dispersed residential neighbourhoods of Brazilian medium-sized cities
SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Co-presence; pedestrians; urban morphology; space syntax; dispersion
AB This research aimed to explain the co-presence patterns in public spaces, i.e. pedestrian movement rates, based on the analysis of spatial patterns established in street segments. Two dispersed residential neighbourhoods with different spatial characteristics - morphological configuration, land use and physical/visual permeability - were analysed in Santa Maria city. Generalized linear regression models were used to infer the relations among variables. The research question was: which spatial characteristics are related to co-presence in public spaces of dispersed residential neighbourhoods? The configurational morphological attributes had statistical significance for almost all regression models for neighbourhood 1. In neighbourhood 2, commercial activity was significant and positively related with all models. The results regarding physical and visual permeability were inconclusive for both study areas.
C1 [Maciel, Filipe B. M.; Zampieri, Fabio L. L.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul PROPUR UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
RP Maciel, FBM (通讯作者)，Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Fac Arquitetura, Programa Posgrad Planejamento Urban & Reg, Rua Sarmento Leite,320 5 Andar, BR-90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
EM filipebassan@gmail.com
CR Agencia de Desenvolvimento de Santa Maria, 2016, SANT MAR DAD, V0, P0
   Unknown -, 2000, HIGHWAY CAPACITY MAN, V0, P0
   Unknown -, 2015, SUBURBAN URBANITIES: SUBURBS AND THE LIFE OF THE HIGH STREET, V0, P0
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NR 27
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 17
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 2399-8083
EI 2399-8091
J9 ENVIRON PLAN B-URBAN
JI Env. Plan. B-Urban Anal. City Sci.
PD SEP 15
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 7
BP 1943
EP 1954
DI 10.1177/2399808320957660
EA SEP 2020
PG 12
WC Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA UO4HU
UT WOS:000570717700001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Coleman, AF
   Ryan, RL
   Eisenman, TS
   Locke, DH
   Harper, RW
AF Coleman, Alicia F.
   Ryan, Robert L.
   Eisenman, Theodore S.
   Locke, Dexter H.
   Harper, Richard W.
TI The influence of street trees on pedestrian perceptions of safety: Results from environmental justice areas of Massachusetts, US
SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING
LA English
DT Article
DE Environmental justice; Pedestrian safety; Post-industrial cities; Street tree; Visual preference; Walkability
ID urban green; design; benefits; number; crime; fear
AB Previous research has shown that trees and other roadside vegetation can mitigate adverse environmental conditions on urban street corridors, and, in turn, positively contribute to pedestrian perceptions of safety and walkability. In this study, pedestrian surveys (n = 181) were collected from three Massachusetts post-industrial cities to understand if street trees moderate pedestrian perceptions of safety. Three street tree conditions - sparse street tree abundance, mature street trees, and new street tree plantings - were compared as study settings. Several methods were used to correlate perceived safety with street trees and sociodemographic variables, including repeated measures and between-group ANOVA, qualitative open-coding, exploratory factor analysis, and simple moderation analysis. This study did not find empirical evidence that street trees influence people's perceived safety, nor that street trees substantively contribute to feelings of safety while walking. These findings suggest that pedestrians do not have universal experiences of safety in walking environments, and different sociocultural backgrounds may contribute to diverging experiences of safety or fear when walking. Our research supports previous findings on the ways in which pedestrians value street trees; this can be extended to municipal or regional Complete Streets guidance and technical assistance programs.
C1 [Coleman, Alicia F.; Ryan, Robert L.; Eisenman, Theodore S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Landscape Architecture & Reg Planning, 551 North Pleast St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   [Locke, Dexter H.] USDA Forest Serv, Northern Res Stn, Suite 350,5523 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA.
   [Harper, Richard W.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
C3 University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
RP Coleman, AF (通讯作者)，Univ Massachusetts, Dept Landscape Architecture & Reg Planning, 551 North Pleast St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM afcoleman@umass.edu
FU Massachusetts Department of Transportation [92312]; UMass Transportation Center; University of Massachusetts Amherst Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
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NR 67
TC 34
Z9 38
U1 5
U2 95
PU ELSEVIER GMBH
PI MUNICH
PA HACKERBRUCKE 6, 80335 MUNICH, GERMANY
SN 1618-8667
EI 1610-8167
J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE
JI Urban For. Urban Green.
PD SEP 15
PY 2021
VL 64
IS 
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127258
EA AUG 2021
PG 11
WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies
SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies
GA UL3QN
UT WOS:000692569900001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Wei, YD
   Xiao, WY
   Medina, R
   Tian, G
AF Wei, Yehua Dennis
   Xiao, Weiye
   Medina, Richard
   Tian, Guang
TI Effects of neighborhood environment, safety, and urban amenities on origins and destinations of walking behavior
SO URBAN GEOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE Walkability; physical activity; urban form; neighborhood; safety
ID physical-activity; land-use; walkability; travel; sprawl; accessibility; association; children; transit; obesity
AB Walking increases physical activity and reduces obesity. Walking behavior is influenced by many different factors, including urban safety. This article studies origin and destination choices of walking behavior in Salt Lake City using GIS and statistical analyzes.We find that the origins, and destinations are influenced by different neighborhood environmental factors. Street connectivity and public parks increase the number of destinations, but have little impact on the number of origins. The number of origins increases in commercial areas with compact design. In terms of safety, we find that walking behavior is influenced by robbery events rather than traffic accidents. Furthermore, a geographical weighted regression model suggests that bus stops and population density have strong positive effects in high-density areas such as the downtown areas. Our study suggests that the current analytical framework on walkability is more suitable to explain the spatial distribution of walking trip destinations than the origins.
C1 [Wei, Yehua Dennis; Xiao, Weiye; Medina, Richard] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   [Tian, Guang] Univ New Orleans, Dept Planning & Urban Studies, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA.
C3 Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; University of Louisiana System; University of New Orleans
RP Xiao, WY (通讯作者)，Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
EM weiye.xiao@utah.edu
FU National Institute for Transportation Communities [69A3551747112]
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NR 54
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 59
PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0272-3638
EI 1938-2847
J9 URBAN GEOGR
JI Urban Geogr.
PD FEB 7
PY 2021
VL 42
IS 2
BP 120
EP 140
DI 10.1080/02723638.2019.1699731
EA DEC 2019
PG 21
WC Geography; Urban Studies
SC Geography; Urban Studies
GA SJ8IU
UT WOS:000500145000001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Blecic, I
   Cecchini, A
   Congiu, T
   Fancello, G
   Talu, V
   Trunfio, GA
AF Blecic, Ivan
   Cecchini, Arnaldo
   Congiu, Tanja
   Fancello, Giovanna
   Talu, Valentina
   Trunfio, Giuseppe A.
TI Capability-wise walkability evaluation as an indicator of urban peripherality
SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Walkability; peripherality indicators; capability approach; decision support systems; multi-criteria spatial evaluation
ID accessibility; walking; design; mobility; policy; equity
AB Urban peripherality is a multidimensional phenomenon, requiring operational tools for analysis and policy design. In this paper, we explore if and how the concept of walkability can be employed as an indicator of peripherality. For this purpose, we employ the capability-wise walkability score (CAWS) to assess neighbourhoods of two case study cities to classify them into four classes (periphery, semi-periphery, semi-core, core). In comparing neighbourhoods on both walkability and a set of neighbourhood-level socioeconomic variables, we argue that walkability should be incorporated as part of a comprehensive framework for the analysis of processes of peripherilisation, since walkability should be seen as one relevant factor of urban capabilities, and hence the lack thereof fits into the definition of urban periphery.
C1 [Blecic, Ivan] Univ Cagliari, Dept Civil & Environm Engn & Architecture, Real Estate Appraisal & Evaluat, Cagliari, Italy.
   [Cecchini, Arnaldo; Talu, Valentina] Univ Sassari, Dept Architecture Design & Urban Planning, Urban Planning, Sassari, Italy.
   [Congiu, Tanja] Univ Sassari, Dept Architecture Design & Urban Planning, Transport Planning, Sassari, Italy.
   [Fancello, Giovanna] Univ Paris 09, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Urban Planning & Evaluat LAMSADE, Paris, France.
   [Trunfio, Giuseppe A.] Univ Sassari, Dept Architecture Design & Urban Planning, Comp Sci & Informat Technol, Sassari, Italy.
C3 University of Cagliari; University of Sassari; University of Sassari; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; University of Sassari
RP Congiu, T (通讯作者)，Univ Sassari, Dept Architecture Design & Urban Planning, Sassari, Italy.
EM tanjacongiu@uniss.it
FU Fondazione di Sardegna [2016/17]; Autonomous Region of Sardinia, Italy
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NR 51
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 33
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 2399-8083
EI 2399-8091
J9 ENVIRON PLAN B-URBAN
JI Env. Plan. B-Urban Anal. City Sci.
PD MAY 15
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 4
BP 895
EP 911
DI 10.1177/2399808320908294
EA MAR 2020
PG 17
WC Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA SF2WZ
UT WOS:000517871500001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Rahm, J
   Sternudd, C
   Johansson, M
AF Rahm, Johan
   Sternudd, Catharina
   Johansson, Maria
TI "In the evening, I don't walk in the park": The interplay between street lighting and greenery in perceived safety
SO URBAN DESIGN INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Focus group study; Mobility; Pedestrian; Street lighting; Vegetation; Walking
ID built environment; urban design; physical-activity; crime; fear; space; neighborhood; perceptions; prospect; restorativeness
AB Walking as a means of transportation is a key feature in sustainable urban design, but few studies have examined the influence of micro-level environmental features, such as vegetation and street lighting, on perceived safety and people's choice to walk. This study applied a non-explicit approach to examine the relationship between greenery, street lighting, perceived safety, and walking in an urban context. Participants from three neighbourhoods in Malmo, Sweden, took part in focus group discussions concerning neighbourhood qualities related to walking. A qualitative analysis revealed four inter-related themes relevant for perceived safety after dark: avoidance, entrapment, presence of others, and prospect (visual overview of the nearby surroundings). The quality of urban greenery and street lighting impacted people's route choices after dark, and some participants felt compelled to make detours. Entrapment, partly due to unkempt greenery in combination with darkness, contributed to avoidance, whereas the presence of other people had the opposite effect. The results indicate that urban greenery and street lighting must be considered together, since their interaction influences perceived safety and impacts the walkability of the neighbourhood.
C1 [Rahm, Johan; Sternudd, Catharina; Johansson, Maria] Lund Univ, Dept Architecture & Built Environm, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
C3 Lund University
RP Rahm, J (通讯作者)，Lund Univ, Dept Architecture & Built Environm, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
EM johan.rahm@arkitektur.lth.se; catharina.sternudd@arkitektur.lth.se; maria.johansson@arkitektur.lth.se
FU Swedish Transport Administration; Swedish Research Council Formas; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency [250-2010-370]
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NR 68
TC 80
Z9 94
U1 8
U2 139
PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND
SN 1357-5317
EI 1468-4519
J9 URBAN DES INT
JI Urban Des. Int.
PD MAR 15
PY 2021
VL 26
IS 1
BP 42
EP 52
DI 10.1057/s41289-020-00134-6
EA MAY 2020
PG 11
WC Architecture; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Architecture; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA QU2XP
UT WOS:000538207200001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Usui, H
AF Usui, Hiroyuki
TI Optimisation of building and road network densities in terms of variation in plot sizes and shapes
SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Building; lot; road network; density; optimisation
ID statistical distribution; residential lots; blocks
AB Urban form at the district scale is defined as a unique combination of the following basic spatial objects: road networks, plot patterns and building configurations. In particular, a plot represents one of the most important basic spatial objects of urban form. In recent theoretical and empirical work from downtown districts in Tokyo, it was found that (1) plot sizes and frontages approximately follow a log-normal distribution and (2) the parameters can be primarily estimated by building density (the number of buildings per unit area) and road network density (total length of road networks per unit area). High demand for housing and commerce in a district requires as many buildings and their plots as possible. However, this may generate many small and narrow plots, which makes the residential environment worse in terms of ventilation, sunlight and accessibility to a road. Hence, the ratio of the number of plots that cannot satisfy minimum criteria regarding their sizes and frontages should be as small as possible, taking into consideration the variation in plot sizes and frontages. Therefore, the rationale for the building and road network densities presented here will be discussed by considering the variation in plot sizes and frontages through a stochastic approach. Allowing for plot sizes that are smaller than the minimum plot size regulation as well as for plot frontages that are narrower than the minimum plot frontage regulation (these minimum criteria being determined by Japanese building codes), the maximum building density and optimal road network density will be obtained. These findings are expected to provide urban planners with a theoretical basis to discuss the validity of these two density values (based on the deterministic approach that assumes uniform urban form) in terms of evaluating the policy effect, such as minimum plot size and frontage regulation.
C1 [Usui, Hiroyuki] Univ Tokyo, Dept Urban Engn, Tokyo, Japan.
C3 University of Tokyo
RP Usui, H (通讯作者)，Univ Tokyo, Sch Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Room 902,14th Bldg,7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan.
EM usui@ua.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
FU KAJIMA FOUNDATION; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [16H01830, 17K12978]; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [16H01830, 17K12978] Funding Source: KAKEN
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NR 30
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 36
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 2399-8083
EI 2399-8091
J9 ENVIRON PLAN B-URBAN
JI Env. Plan. B-Urban Anal. City Sci.
PD JUN 15
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 5
BP 1263
EP 1278
DI 10.1177/2399808320924671
EA MAY 2020
PG 16
WC Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA SS7QN
UT WOS:000534553200001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Niu, SN
   Tong, H
AF Niu, Shengnan
   Tong, Hao
TI Analysis of the Pedestrian System Indicators of City Blocks Based on the Real Walking Network: A Case Study of Jinan, China
SO JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Pedestrian network; Street network; Connectivity; Walking; Urban block
ID physical-activity; accessibility; connectivity; environment; impact
AB Over the last few decades, cities have been committed to building efficient, coordinated, and energy-saving transportation modes. As the most flexible and green travel mode, walking provides effective connections for various modes of transportation; therefore, it has received extensive attention from planners. A pedestrian network is a basic guarantee of walking, and its construction method has become a focus of many walking studies. However, due to the characteristics of flexibility and wide coverage, a pedestrian network often cannot be completely constructed, which causes problems with missing data in planning and research. This imperfect data has caused pedestrian network problems not to be effectively solved during the process of urban transformation. Taking Jinan's old city, Jinan, Shandong Province, China as an example, this study will use a variety of data to construct the real walking network (RWN) of Jinan's old city, which combines all the available roads in parks, squares, and residential quarters into the street network (SN). Compared with the SN, the RWN better reflects the real travel conditions of pedestrians. This study compares the common walking indicators of the SN and the RWN, which includes network connectivity and the service level of bus stops. The results show that there are significant differences between the RWN and the SN. The RWN that has more complete data is not significantly better than the SN, but the differences between the two will have an impact on the results of walking research. Therefore, RWN should be used in walking research. In addition, based on the comparison of the results, this study makes reasonable suggestions to improve the pedestrian system in Jinan's old city.
C1 [Niu, Shengnan; Tong, Hao] Shandong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Jinan 250061, Shandong, Peoples R China.
C3 Shandong University
RP Tong, H (通讯作者)，Shandong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Jinan 250061, Shandong, Peoples R China.
EM 1375776606@qq.com; lytonghao@163.com
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NR 36
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 5
U2 49
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9488
EI 1943-5444
J9 J URBAN PLAN DEV
JI J. Urban Plan. Dev
PD JUN 1
PY 2021
VL 147
IS 2
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000683
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Engineering; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA RZ4TN
UT WOS:000648590100027
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU McGreevy, M
   Musolino, C
   Udell, T
   Baum, F
AF McGreevy, Michael
   Musolino, Connie
   Udell, Tuesday
   Baum, Fran
TI The Feasibility of Transitioning Low-density Suburbs into Healthy Walkable Neighbourhoods: The Case of Adelaide, South Australia
SO URBAN POLICY AND RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Neighbourhood walkability; residential density; activity centre viability; Adelaide
ID built environment; physical-activity; land-use; residential density; urban design; walking; walkability; access; travel; mix
AB Research has demonstrated that there are health and equity benefits attached to residing in neighbourhoods with the design, diversity and density required for walkability. Research has tended to show that the very low residential densities found in Australian suburbs are major obstacles to retrofitting walkability. We undertook a survey of 27 neighbourhoods and their activity centres in Adelaide, South Australia to ascertain the minimum residential densities required to make a diverse activity centre viable. The findings suggest that retrofitting established suburbs with the design and viable destinations required to substantially improve walkability does not require large increases in residential density.
C1 [McGreevy, Michael; Musolino, Connie; Baum, Fran] Flinders Univ S Australia, Southgate Inst, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
   [Udell, Tuesday] Heart Fdn Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
C3 Flinders University
RP McGreevy, M (通讯作者)，Flinders Univ S Australia, Southgate Inst, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
EM michael.mcgreevy@flinders.edu.au
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NR 65
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 19
PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0811-1146
EI 1476-7244
J9 URBAN POLICY RES
JI Urban Policy Res.
PD OCT 2
PY 2021
VL 39
IS 4
BP 377
EP 396
DI 10.1080/08111146.2021.1926226
EA MAY 2021
PG 20
WC Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA WR1DR
UT WOS:000656804400001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Nakamura, K
AF Nakamura, Kazuki
TI Experimental analysis of walkability evaluation using virtual reality application
SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Walkability; walkable cities; visualisation in urban planning; virtual reality; street design
ID physical-activity; neighborhood walkability; choice experiments; walk score(r); visualization; quality; adults; accessibility; hierarchy
AB Excessive motorisation, resulting from the vicious cycle of car-oriented road development and car-reliant land development, significantly deteriorates walking environments, causing traffic safety problems, damaging city-centre vitality, and hindering sustainable mobility. Many Asian cities face these issues, and as a result, it is often difficult for their street users to experience higher level walking needs, such as comfort and attractiveness, in their daily walking environments. Without such experiences, street users may have difficulty in finding high quality street environments. Visualisation technologies allowing street users to virtually experience more diverse walking needs may assist them in recognising new visions of walkable cities. Accordingly, this study conducts an experimental analysis of walkability evaluations by applying virtual reality tools for evaluating various streets to answer the following research questions: (1) How are street environments related to walking perceptions and behaviours? (2) Is virtual reality visualisation advantageous for revealing these relationships? The research conducted an experiment on virtual reality walkability evaluation that examined perception-based evaluations of street environments in car-reliant large cities of Japan, Thailand, and Australia. The evaluation mechanism of walkability was analysed based on walking needs, taking into account the impact of the virtual reality tools. The results demonstrate that virtual reality evaluation of internationally diverse street environments reflects the sensitivity of walking willingness to the satisfaction of hierarchical walking needs. Further, the impact of virtual reality use was observed in the greater engagement with virtual environments, which is related to higher walking willingness. The results have major implications for planning and design practices, suggesting the potential of virtual reality-based evaluation systems as useful tools for creating and implementing new visions of walkable cities.
C1 [Nakamura, Kazuki] Meijo Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
C3 Meijo University
RP Nakamura, K (通讯作者)，Meijo Univ, Tempa Ku, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Nagoya, Aichi 4688502, Japan.
EM knaka@meijo-u.ac.jp
FU JST-SATREPS project [JPMJSA1704]; MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI [19K04659]; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19K04659] Funding Source: KAKEN
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NR 52
TC 33
Z9 36
U1 3
U2 68
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 2399-8083
EI 2399-8091
J9 ENVIRON PLAN B-URBAN
JI Env. Plan. B-Urban Anal. City Sci.
PD OCT 15
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 8
BP 2481
EP 2496
DI 10.1177/2399808320980747
EA DEC 2020
PG 16
WC Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA WT5SE
UT WOS:000626684400001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Tang, BS
   Wong, KKH
   Tang, KSS
   Wai, WS
AF Tang, Bo-Sin
   Wong, Kenneth K. H.
   Tang, Kenneth S. S.
   Wai Wong, Siu
TI Walking accessibility to neighbourhood open space in a multi-level urban environment of Hong Kong
SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Accessibility; pedestrian movement; walkability
ID public open space; physical-activity; spatial accessibility; green space; network analysis; parks; equity; connectivity; proximity; justice
AB This study presents the spatial analysis of walking accessibility to a public facility in a hilly, multi-level urban environment. Our spatial database includes street topography, physical impedances, formal crossings, and designated access points in assessing the network distance of all private residential buildings to public open space in Hong Kong. Pedestrian movement of uneven speed on walkways of varying gradients is assessed. The study concludes that, compared with our method, conventional buffer analysis and network distance analysis over-estimate the walking accessibility of private housing to neighbourhood open space in Hong Kong by about 2-8%. Despite Hong Kong's compact built environment, about 15% of the total number of residential blocks cannot reach a neighbourhood open space within 5 minutes of walking (equivalent to the local planning standard of 400 metres of walking on a flat terrain). These open space-deficient neighbourhoods comprise mostly the affluent or middle-class households in gated housing estates and in low-rise housing, but also some neighbourhoods of underprivileged families in old urban tenement buildings. Our assessment reveals the spatial bias of land use planning policy leading to these blackspots of open space shortfall in the territory. It requires urban planners to pay attention to the geographical barriers of a pedestrian network in redressing the inequitable distribution and achieving a pedestrian-friendly 3D city.
C1 [Tang, Bo-Sin; Wong, Kenneth K. H.; Tang, Kenneth S. S.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Urban Planning & Design, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Wai Wong, Siu] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Bldg & Real Estate, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Polytechnic University
RP Tang, BS (通讯作者)，Univ Hong Kong, Dept Urban Planning & Design, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM bsbstang@hku.hk
FU General Research Fund of the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [17202617]
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NR 63
TC 49
Z9 58
U1 4
U2 144
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 2399-8083
EI 2399-8091
J9 ENVIRON PLAN B-URBAN
JI Env. Plan. B-Urban Anal. City Sci.
PD JUN 15
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 5
BP 1340
EP 1356
DI 10.1177/2399808320932575
EA JUN 2020
PG 17
WC Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA SS7QN
UT WOS:000542416700001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, JT
   Sun, GB
   Webster, C
AF Zhao, Jianting
   Sun, Guibo
   Webster, Chris
TI Walkability scoring: Why and how does a three-dimensional pedestrian network matter?
SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE Walkability; Walk Score; pedestrian network; Hong Kong; high-density city
ID neighborhood walkability; physical-activity; connectivity; validation; impact; travel
AB Previous walkability scoring systems are all based on road networks, even though roads are not designed for pedestrians. To calculate an accurate walking score, we need pedestrian network data. This is especially the case in cities such as Hong Kong, where pedestrians are separated from vehicles by footbridges, underpasses or surface sidewalks. In this paper, we investigate why and how a three-dimensional pedestrian network makes a difference in walkability scoring, using Hong Kong as a case city. We developed a walkability scoring system based on networks and amenities, using multiple open-source programming platforms and languages. Separately, we calculated walkability scores (on a scale of 0-100) using the three-dimensional pedestrian network and road network of the city, comparing the differences between the two. A GIS raster analysis was conducted to extract walkability scoring differences from the two walkability surfaces, followed by a univariate linear model to examine how the scores were underestimated if without using the three-dimensional pedestrian network. Results show that streets were considered twice as walkable if rated by pedestrian network rather than road network. Walkability scores were 92% higher on average. The fitted model shows that the mean score underestimations were significantly different for different three-dimensional network elements. Surface sidewalks had an average underestimation of 33.75 (p < 0.001), footbridges and underground paths expanded the underestimations by 3.85 and 2.97 (both p < 0.001), respectively, and the linkages to footbridge and underground path enlarged the surface sidewalk underestimations by 2.68 and 4.92 (both p < 0.001). We suggest that walkability evaluation systems should be developed on pedestrian networks instead of road networks, especially for high-density cities.
C1 [Zhao, Jianting; Sun, Guibo; Webster, Chris] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Urban Planning & Design, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 University of Hong Kong
RP Sun, GB (通讯作者)，Univ Hong Kong, Dept Urban Planning & Design, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM gbsun@hku.hk
FU GRF [17600818]; HKU [104004782]; HKU PTF [102009741]
CR Unknown -, 2020, WALK SCORE METHODOLOGY, V0, P0
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NR 27
TC 44
Z9 48
U1 7
U2 91
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 2399-8083
EI 2399-8091
J9 ENVIRON PLAN B-URBAN
JI Env. Plan. B-Urban Anal. City Sci.
PD OCT 15
PY 2021
VL 48
IS 8
BP 2418
EP 2435
DI 10.1177/2399808320977871
EA DEC 2020
PG 18
WC Environmental Studies; Geography; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA WT5SE
UT WOS:000626702600001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Ma, XT
   Chau, CK
   Lai, JHK
AF Ma, Xintong
   Chau, Chi Kwan
   Lai, Joseph Hung Kit
TI Critical factors influencing the comfort evaluation for recreational walking in urban street environments
SO CITIES
LA English
DT Article
DE Pedestrian comfort; Recreational walking; Environmental perception; Urban streetscape
ID time physical-activity; built environment; air-quality; pedestrian-level; thermal comfort; weather conditions; design quality; microscale audit; wind environment; perceptions
AB Walking has been actively advocated as a simple and effective means to boost individuals' physical activity levels. Comfort, as one of walking needs, is also the major objectives for many street design guidelines and walking audit tools. However, a few studies only identified the major environmental factors in a piecemeal manner without providing an integrated view on pedestrian comfort for recreational walking. This study aimed to identify the major micro- and built environmental factors and reveal their relative importance. 420 questionnaire responses with concurrently monitored micro-environmental conditions were analyzed to formulate a path model that portrayed the interrelationships between pedestrian comfort, and perceptual and objectively measured street built and micro-environmental characteristics. Our results showed that pedestrian comfort could be directly evaluated by pedestrians' satisfaction of built environment, thermal sensation, perceived air quality and loudness. The influence of satisfaction of built environment alone was found to be comparable to the aggregate influences of thermal sensation, perceived air quality and loudness. Thermal sensation, perceived air quality and loudness were found to mediate the associations between objectively measured parameters and individual recreational walking comfort respectively. The findings provide valuable insights for urban planners to improve the comfort level of recreational walking in streets.
C1 [Ma, Xintong; Chau, Chi Kwan; Lai, Joseph Hung Kit] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Bldg Serv Engn, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong Polytechnic University
RP Chau, CK (通讯作者)，Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Bldg Serv Engn, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM chi-kwan.chau@polyu.edu.hk
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NR 107
TC 68
Z9 74
U1 7
U2 223
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI London
PA 125 London Wall, London, ENGLAND
SN 0264-2751
EI 1873-6084
J9 CITIES
JI Cities
PD SEP 15
PY 2021
VL 116
IS 
BP 
EP 
DI 10.1016/j.cities.2021.103286
EA JUN 2021
PG 12
WC Urban Studies
SC Urban Studies
GA TE8SZ
UT WOS:000670278500015
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Mondschein, A
AF Mondschein, Andrew
TI Persistent Differences in Walking across the Socioeconomic Spectrum: Variations by Trip Purpose
SO JOURNAL OF PLANNING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE transportation; walking; trip purpose; NHTS; equity; socioeconomic status
ID built environment; physical-activity; land uses; travel; transportation; behavior
AB The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and walking remains underexamined, and prior research identifies multiple models of walking behavior. This research examines the distribution of walking across SES, using the 2001, 2009, and 2017 National Household Travel Surveys. Statistical models estimate walking rates and likelihoods by trip purpose, controlling for income, education, and other factors. Findings include less walking by middle-SES travelers and specific trip purposes favoring walking by high-SES adults in urban areas. Increases in walking between 2001 and 2017 are broad based, but persistent imbalances suggest the need for a more pluralistic view of walkability.
C1 [Mondschein, Andrew] Univ Virginia, Sch Architecture, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
C3 University of Virginia
RP Mondschein, A (通讯作者)，Univ Virginia, Sch Architecture, Dept Urban & Environm Plann, Campbell Hall,POB 400122, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.
EM mondschein@virginia.edu
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NR 58
TC 6
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 8
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0739-456X
EI 1552-6577
J9 J PLAN EDUC RES
JI J. Plan. Educ. Res.
PD DEC 15
PY 2021
VL 41
IS 4
BP 445
EP 460
DI 10.1177/0739456X18796652
PG 16
WC Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA WN7GE
UT WOS:000711934400007
DA 2026-05-02
ER

