PT J
AU Banerjee, T
   Uhm, J
   Bahl, D
AF Banerjee, Tridib
   Uhm, JungA
   Bahl, Deepak
TI Walking to School The Experience of Children in Inner City Los Angeles and Implications for Policy
SO JOURNAL OF PLANNING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE public health; transportation; child pedestrian; neighborhood safety; walkability
ID physical-activity; active transportation; built environment; urban form; travel; mobility; safe; opportunity; landscapes; journeys
AB Neighborhoods walkability has become an important public health concern. The child's-eye view of safe and walkable environments is typically remiss from the literature. Particularly the experience of inner city kids, very different from that of suburban neighborhoods, remains unreported. The study reported here offers new insights based on the walking to school experience reported by the children of inner city neighborhoods of Los Angeles. Interviews with fifth-graders from five grade schools suggest that the dangers in their social milieu are a much greater concern for them than the physical milieu, which the walkability research typically emphasizes. The findings necessitate new policies.
C1 [Banerjee, Tridib] Univ So Calif, Sol Price Sch Publ Policy, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   [Bahl, Deepak] Univ So Calif, Ctr Econ Dev, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   [Uhm, JungA] Southern Calif Assoc Govt, Los Angeles, CA USA.
C3 University of Southern California; University of Southern California
RP Banerjee, T (通讯作者)，Univ So Calif, Sol Price Sch Publ Policy, 650 Childs Way,Univ Pk, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
EM tbanerje@usc.edu
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NR 88
TC 52
Z9 63
U1 0
U2 34
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 0739-456X
EI 1552-6577
J9 J PLAN EDUC RES
JI J. Plan. Educ. Res.
PD JUN 15
PY 2014
VL 34
IS 2
BP 123
EP 140
DI 10.1177/0739456X14522494
PG 18
WC Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA AH0ES
UT WOS:000335792600002
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Özhanci, E
   Yilmaz, H
   Yilmaz, S
AF Ozhanci, Esra
   Yilmaz, Hasan
   Yilmaz, Sevgi
TI Safety perceptions of different plant designs in pedestrian and car streets
SO URBAN DESIGN INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE preference; visual perception; urban landscape; safety
ID scenic beauty; visual quality; landscapes; validity; reliability; preferences; information; management
AB This study was conducted to determine the effects of safety factors on site preferences and offer suggestions for site design by evaluating the role of plant materials in the design of safe urban landscapes. Images taken from the centre of Ataturk University's campus were visually assessed. A total of 10 images representing periods of foliation and dormancy were studied. Eighty-one participants were asked to assess the images presented within the predetermined parameters. Overall, people felt safer in the environment during the period of seasonal foliation. Sites clearly defined by the differences in plant tissue were perceived to be more secure. Participants preferred the environment aesthetically and felt more secure during the period of full foliation. When considering the final data, it was discovered that there was a positive correlation between preference and security (r=0,558, P<0.01). Factors used in the analysis and design of contemporary landscapes include topography, climate, land and water. Landscape design that causes a feeling of insecurity within a space should be avoided. Nowadays, the perception of security in open areas has become an important issue. In this study, plant design and aesthetics of urban climate were found to be important in terms of human perception.
C1 [Ozhanci, Esra; Yilmaz, Hasan; Yilmaz, Sevgi] Ataturk Univ, Fac Architecture & Design, Dept Landscape Architecture, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
C3 Ataturk University
RP Yilmaz, S (通讯作者)，Ataturk Univ, Fac Architecture & Design, Dept Landscape Architecture, TR-25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
EM eozhanci@atauni.edu.tr; hyilmaz@atauni.edu.tr; sevgiy@atauni.edu.tr
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NR 25
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 46
PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND
SN 1357-5317
EI 1468-4519
J9 URBAN DES INT
JI Urban Des. Int.
PD WIN 15
PY 2014
VL 19
IS 4
BP 303
EP 310
DI 10.1057/udi.2013.26
PG 8
WC Architecture; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Architecture; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA AS7JR
UT WOS:000344433100006
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Piatkowski, D
   Marshall, WE
AF Piatkowski, Daniel
   Marshall, Wesley E.
TI 'New' versus 'Old' Urbanism: A comparative analysis of travel behavior in large-scale New Urbanist communities and older, more established neighborhoods in Denver, Colorado
SO URBAN DESIGN INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE New Urbanism; non-motorized travel; built environment; travel behavior
ID built environment; transportation; bicycle; design
AB New Urbanist development is often characterized by higher densities, mixed land uses and various transportation options - characteristics often evidenced by older, pre-automobile neighborhoods. This is no accident; New Urbanism aims to closely approximate many qualities of 'old urbanist' neighborhoods to support, among other things, increased transportation options beyond the automobile. However, existing research is mixed as to whether new urbanist developments are reaching their transportation goals. This study employs multiple methods to examine the degree to which travel behavior in New Urbanist neighborhoods is comparable to that of old urbanist neighborhoods in the same region. Mode choice models show distance to work as a significant predictor of walking and cycling, while availability of free parking at work significantly predicts driving. Despite the fact that the New Urbanist neighborhoods are further from the central business district (CBD) than the old urbanist neighborhoods, average distance to work is similar across all neighborhoods suggesting that employment locations are decentralized. We conclude that while New Urbanist communities may not currently be reaching their transportation goals, they have the ability to provide a supportive context for parking policy reforms and transit investments that disincentive auto travel and prioritize walking, cycling and transit.
C1 [Piatkowski, Daniel] Univ Colorado, Coll Architecture & Planning, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
   [Marshall, Wesley E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
C3 University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver
RP Piatkowski, D (通讯作者)，Univ Colorado, Coll Architecture & Planning, 1201 5th St,Room AD 240, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
EM daniel.piatkowski@ucdenver.edu; wesley.marshall@ucdenver.edu
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NR 22
TC 6
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 29
PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND
SN 1357-5317
EI 1468-4519
J9 URBAN DES INT
JI Urban Des. Int.
PD FAL 15
PY 2014
VL 19
IS 3
BP 228
EP 245
DI 10.1057/udi.2013.30
PG 18
WC Architecture; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Architecture; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA AM2VE
UT WOS:000339708100006
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Vojnovic, I
   Kotval-K, Z
   Lee, J
   Ye, MT
   Ledoux, T
   Varnakovida, P
   Messina, J
AF Vojnovic, Igor
   Kotval-K, Zeenat
   Lee, Jieun
   Ye, Minting
   Ledoux, Timothy
   Varnakovida, Pariwate
   Messina, Joseph
TI URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENTS, ACCESSIBILITY, AND TRAVEL BEHAVIOR IN A DECLINING URBAN CORE: THE EXTREME CONDITIONS OF DISINVESTMENT AND SUBURBANIZATION IN THE DETROIT REGION
SO JOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS
LA English
DT Article
ID food store availability; physical-activity; neighborhood characteristics; spatial accessibility; racial composition; united-states; low-income; land-use; obesity; walking
AB The research explores the impact of socioeconomic and racial variables on accessibility to urban amenities and travel in compact urban built environments that have traditionally been viewed as improving access to daily destinations and promoting nonmotorized travel: urban environments characterized by high densities, mixed land uses, and high connectivity. The study focuses on six neighborhoods in the Detroit region. Two neighborhoods are within the city itself, and predominantly poor and Black, and four of the neighborhoods are in the region surrounding the city, and they are predominantly wealthy and White. This study at the neighborhood scale enables an analysis into how class and race affect accessibility and travel in neighborhoods experiencing urban disinvestment and decline. The research shows that the traditional relationship between high densities, mixed land uses, high connectivity, greater accessibility, and pedestrian activity is significantly weaker in declining inner cities.
C1 [Vojnovic, Igor; Ye, Minting] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Kotval-K, Zeenat; Ledoux, Timothy; Messina, Joseph] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Lee, Jieun] New Coll Florida, Sarasota, FL USA.
   [Varnakovida, Pariwate] Lake Super Univ, Marie, MI USA.
C3 Michigan State University; Michigan State University; State University System of Florida; New College Florida
RP Vojnovic, I (通讯作者)，Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, 116 Geography Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM vojnovic@msu.edu
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NR 94
TC 23
Z9 30
U1 2
U2 56
PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0735-2166
EI 1467-9906
J9 J URBAN AFF
JI J. Urban Aff.
PD MAY 15
PY 2014
VL 36
IS 2
BP 225
EP 255
DI 10.1111/juaf.12031
PG 31
WC Urban Studies
SC Urban Studies
GA AF3JC
UT WOS:000334607000007
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Castillo-Manzano, JI
   Lopez-Valpuesta, L
   Asencio-Flores, JP
AF Castillo-Manzano, Jose I.
   Lopez-Valpuesta, Lourdes
   Asencio-Flores, Juan P.
TI Extending pedestrianization processes outside the old city center; conflict and benefits in the case of the city of Seville
SO HABITAT INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Pedestrianization; Non city center areas; Urban quality; Discrete choice models; Revealed satisfaction; Social conflict
ID main street; urban; pedestrianisation; transport; design; town
AB Pedestrianizing areas that are generally in the old part of town has been widely used in recent years in both developed and developing countries as a way to improve urban quality in cities traditionally designed for intensive vehicle use. This paper applies discrete demand models to examine the satisfaction of citizens or frequent visitors with these schemes in two streets that are not part of the urban center of the city of Seville (Spain) and the conclusions that are drawn can be easily extrapolated to other cities, irrespective of the country that they are in. These two pedestrianizations outside the traditional inner city are clearly positively valued by citizens, especially by people living in the vicinity of the pedestrianized streets and by the collectives that have more available free time or more flexible schedules. They have also been especially welcomed by citizens who are more aware of the need for environmental protection and calling for a more a more sustainable city. The results show that both pedestrianizations have resulted in significant changes in citizens' shopping and consumption habits in establishments located in the pedestrian zones, which have been turned into open air malls with improvements to their lively ambience. These findings are repeated in countries at different levels of development These results are in stark contrast to the strong social rejection that existed during the period that the road works to pedestrianize the zones were being planned and executed. In fact, the results show the importance of the time variable, as the more time that has passed since the works were finalized, the better the variables that measure satisfaction with the pedestrianizations have become, and the less negative the perception of the negative externalities associated with the road works. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Castillo-Manzano, Jose I.; Lopez-Valpuesta, Lourdes; Asencio-Flores, Juan P.] Univ Seville, Appl Econ & Management Res Grp, Seville 41018, Spain.
C3 University of Sevilla
RP Castillo-Manzano, JI (通讯作者)，Univ Seville, Appl Econ & Management Res Grp, Ave Ramon & Cajal 1, Seville 41018, Spain.
EM jignacio@us.es; lolopez@us.es; contacto@asencio.es
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NR 40
TC 46
Z9 56
U1 1
U2 55
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0197-3975
EI 1873-5428
J9 HABITAT INT
JI Habitat Int.
PD OCT 15
PY 2014
VL 44
IS 
BP 194
EP 201
DI 10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.005
PG 8
WC Development Studies; Environmental Studies; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Development Studies; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA AW9AI
UT WOS:000346549800021
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Oreskovic, NM
   Roth, P
   Charles, SL
   Tsigaridi, D
   Shepherd, K
   Nelson, KP
   Bar, M
AF Oreskovic, Nicolas M.
   Roth, Pablina
   Charles, Suzanne Lanyi
   Tsigaridi, Dido
   Shepherd, Kathrine
   Nelson, Kerrie P.
   Bar, Moshe
TI ATTRIBUTES OF FORM IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT THAT INFLUENCE PERCEIVED WALKABILITY
SO JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID physical-activity; united-states; urban; walking; scenes; overweight; obesity
AB A recent focus of design and building regulations, including form-based codes and the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Neighborhood Development rating system, has been on promoting pedestrian activity. This study assessed perceptions of walkability for residential and commercial streetscapes with different design attributes in order to inform form-based regulations and codes that aim to impact walkability. We scored 424 images on four design attributes purported to influence walkability: variation in building height, variation in building plane, presence of ground-floor windows, and presence of a street focal point. We then presented the images to 45 adults, who were asked to rate the images for walkability. The results showed that perceived walkability varied according to the degree to which a particular design attribute was present, with the presence of ground-floor windows and a street focal point most consistently associated with a space's perceived walkability. Understanding if and which design attributes are most related to walkability could allow planners and developers to focus on the most salient built-environment features influencing physical activity, as well as provide empirical scientific evidence for form-based regulations and zoning codes aimed at impacting walkability.
C1 [Oreskovic, Nicolas M.; Bar, Moshe] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Roth, Pablina] Heidelberg Univ, Tiffin, OH USA.
   [Charles, Suzanne Lanyi] Univ Michigan, Taubman Coll Architecture & Urban Planning, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Tsigaridi, Dido] Harvard Univ, Grad Sch Design, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Shepherd, Kathrine] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
   [Nelson, Kerrie P.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
C3 Harvard University; University System of Ohio; Heidelberg University USA; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital
RP Oreskovic, NM (通讯作者)，MGH Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth Res & Policy, 100 Cambridge St,15th Floor, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
EM noreskovic@partners.org
FU NCRR NIH HHS [UL1 RR025758] Funding Source: Medline; NHLBI NIH HHS [K23 HL103841] Funding Source: Medline
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NR 51
TC 22
Z9 26
U1 4
U2 56
PU LOCKE SCIENCE PUBL CO INC
PI CHICAGO
PA 117 WEST HARRISON BLDG SUITE 640-L221, CHICAGO, IL 60605 USA
SN 0738-0895
EI 
J9 J ARCHIT PLAN RES
JI J. Archit. Plan. Res.
PD FAL 15
PY 2014
VL 31
IS 3
BP 218
EP 232
DI 
PG 15
WC Environmental Studies; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA AU5WR
UT WOS:000345674900003
PM 25554719
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Porta, S
   Romice, O
   Maxwell, JA
   Russell, P
   Baird, D
AF Porta, Sergio
   Romice, Ombretta
   Maxwell, J. Alexander
   Russell, Peter
   Baird, Darren
TI Alterations in scale: Patterns of change in main street networks across time and space
SO URBAN STUDIES
LA English
DT Article
DE 400-metre rule; main street network; main streets; urban morphology; urban theory
ID google-earth
AB This paper presents a morphological study of 100 main street networks from urban areas around the world. An expansion in the scale of main street networks was revealed using a unique heuristic visual method for identifying and measuring the lengths of main street segments from each of the study areas. Case studies were selected and grouped according to corresponding urban design paradigms, ranging from antiquity to present day. This research shows that the average lengths of main street segments from networks of historic (i.e. ancient, medieval, renaissance, baroque and industrial) and informal case studies are much smaller relative to those from networks of more contemporary case studies (i.e. Garden City, Radiant City and New Urbanism). This study provides empirical evidence in support of prior, observational claims suggesting a consistent pattern in the smaller scale of main street networks from traditional urban areas, termed the 400-metre rule'. Additionally, it makes the case for further empirical research into similarly recursive spatial patterns within other elements of urban form (i.e. plots, blocks, etc.) that, if discovered, could aid in future urban design efforts to help provide the framework for more human-scale' urban environments.
C1 [Porta, Sergio; Romice, Ombretta; Maxwell, J. Alexander; Russell, Peter; Baird, Darren] Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland.
C3 University of Strathclyde
RP Maxwell, JA (通讯作者)，Univ Strathclyde, 75 Montrose St,Level 3,James Weir Bldg, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland.
EM john.maxwell@strath.ac.uk
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NR 43
TC 43
Z9 48
U1 1
U2 67
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0042-0980
EI 1360-063X
J9 URBAN STUD
JI Urban Stud.
PD DEC 15
PY 2014
VL 51
IS 16
BP 3383
EP 3400
DI 10.1177/0042098013519833
PG 18
WC Environmental Studies; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies
GA AU4IP
UT WOS:000345574500005
DA 2026-05-02
ER

