PT J
AU Laxman, KK
   Rastogi, R
   Chandra, S
AF Laxman, Kotkar Kishor
   Rastogi, Rajat
   Chandra, Satish
TI Pedestrian Flow Characteristics in Mixed Traffic Conditions
SO JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
AB Data collected at four locations in a medium-sized city of India are analyzed for pedestrians flow characteristics under mixed traffic conditions. The data are presented in the form of mathematical and graphical relationships between speed and volume, speed and density, flow and area module, and flow and density. The results of analysis are compared with those given in literature. The free-flow speed of pedestrians is observed to be 80 m/min which is higher than that reported for China and Singapore, but slightly lower than that in Germany. It is comparable to free speeds reported for Philippines and the United States. The speed of the pedestrian was found to be influenced by the age and gender also. Male pedestrians move faster than female pedestrians. Pedestrians in the age group of 10-15 years had the highest speed, 82 m/min. the speed was reduced by about 85% when pedestrians move with their baggage (or luggage).
C1 [Laxman, Kotkar Kishor; Rastogi, Rajat; Chandra, Satish] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
C3 Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Roorkee
RP Rastogi, R (通讯作者)，Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
EM kishor_iitr2@yahoo.co.in; rajatfce@iitr.ernet.in; satisfce@iitr.ernet.in
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NR 27
TC 109
Z9 120
U1 0
U2 16
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9488
EI 1943-5444
J9 J URBAN PLAN DEV
JI J. Urban Plan. Dev
PD MAR 15
PY 2010
VL 136
IS 1
BP 23
EP 33
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2010)136:1(23)
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Engineering; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA 555PF
UT WOS:000274524300004
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Amistad, FT
AF Amistad, Franklyn T.
TI Assessment of the Pedestrianization Policy in Vigan City: UNESCO World Heritage Site
SO JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
LA English
DT Article
AB This study focused on the assessment of pedestrianization policy in Vigan City, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It aimed to characterize the area and pedestrian movements on implementation of pedestrianization scheme, analyze the perception of respondents on the necessity, acceptability, and impact of pedestrianization scheme, and test the relationships between perceptions and characteristics of respondents. There were 480 respondents chosen randomly. It made use of the exploratory and descriptive method of research. The results showed a very high level of necessity and acceptability of the use of pedestrianization in the city of Vigan. It is recommended that the city government of Vigan should enact an ordinance for the implementation of a "give way to pedestrians" policy in all the streets in the heart of Vigan City for maximum safety. The city government should also adopt some environmentally sustainable transport strategies in the pursuit of a sustainable development of the city of Vigan without sacrificing its legacy as world heritage site.
C1 [Amistad, Franklyn T.] Univ No Philippines, Coll Engn, Vigan City 2700, Ilocos Sur, Philippines.
   [Amistad, Franklyn T.] Univ No Philippines, Ind & Energy Res & Dev Off, Vigan City 2700, Ilocos Sur, Philippines.
RP Amistad, FT (通讯作者)，Univ No Philippines, Coll Engn, Vigan City 2700, Ilocos Sur, Philippines.
EM framisteo@yahoo.com
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NR 12
TC 9
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 13
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 0733-9488
EI 1943-5444
J9 J URBAN PLAN DEV
JI J. Urban Plan. Dev
PD MAR 15
PY 2010
VL 136
IS 1
BP 11
EP 22
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2010)136:1(11)
PG 12
WC Engineering, Civil; Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Engineering; Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA 555PF
UT WOS:000274524300003
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Lin, JJ
   Chang, HT
AF Lin, Jen-Jia
   Chang, Hsiao-Te
TI Built Environment Effects on Children's School Travel in Taipai: Independence and Travel Mode
SO URBAN STUDIES
LA English
DT Article
ID residential neighborhood type; urban form; choice; distance; walking; transportation; demand; family; impact; trips
AB This study analyses empirically how built environment affects school travel with a focus on independence from adults and travel mode. Students in three elementary schools-Chinan, Jingmei and Xinhwa-in Taipei's Wenshan District are analysed after questionnaire surveys. The survey data are analysed using nested logit models at two decision levels. Analytical results indicate that high shade-tree density and high sidewalk coverage encourage children to walk to school independently, while large block sizes and increased intersection numbers discourage children from walking to school independently. Furthermore, although high building density, high vehicle density and diversified mode option encourage children to travel home after school by walking, bus or vanpool, block size and road width discourage children from so doing. These results are mostly similar to the findings of previous studies, although they also have some differences. Based on the empirical evidence presented in this study, three strategies are recommended for reshaping the built environment in Taipei: compact structure, pedestrian-friendly design and frequent bus services.
C1 [Lin, Jen-Jia; Chang, Hsiao-Te] Natl Taipei Univ, Grad Inst Urban Planning, Sanxia Township 23741, Taipei County, Taiwan.
C3 National Taipei University
RP Lin, JJ (通讯作者)，Natl Taipei Univ, Grad Inst Urban Planning, 151 Daxue Rd, Sanxia Township 23741, Taipei County, Taiwan.
EM jenjia@mail.ntpu.edu.tw; dacky0419@gmail.com
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NR 46
TC 110
Z9 126
U1 0
U2 78
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND
SN 0042-0980
EI 1360-063X
J9 URBAN STUD
JI Urban Stud.
PD APR 15
PY 2010
VL 47
IS 4
BP 867
EP 889
DI 10.1177/0042098009351938
PG 23
WC Environmental Studies; Urban Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies
GA 571BM
UT WOS:000275724000008
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, WZ
   Lam, WHK
   Sumalee, A
AF Zhou, Wenzhu
   Lam, William H. K.
   Sumalee, Agachai
TI SUSTAINABLE MODAL SPLIT BY TRIP LENGTH FOR URBAN TRAVEL IN MEDIUM-SIZE CITIES OF CHINA
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE URBANIZATION (ICSU 2010)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
DE Modal split; trip length; modal shift; traffic emissions
ID energy
AB With the recent rapid growth of urban development particularly in those medium-size cities in Mainland China, there is a need to investigate the relationship between modal split and trip length so as to balance the traffic mix and reduce traffic emissions for sustainable urban development. This paper proposes a systematic method for classifying trip lengths by various modes of transport including walk, bicycle, bus, motorcycles and private cars. Data collected from seven medium-size cities in Mainland China are used for statistical analysis and model development. On the basis of the analysis and model results, insightful findings and constructive suggestions are given for sustainable modal shift strategy by trip length in Chinese medium-size cities.
C1 [Zhou, Wenzhu; Lam, William H. K.; Sumalee, Agachai] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Struct Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
C3 Hong Kong Polytechnic University
EM zwz-1234567@163.com
CR Banister C, 1999, REG STUD, V33, P274
   Banister D, 1997, ENVIRON PLANN B, V24, P125, DOI 10.1068/b240125
   Buchanan N, 2006, J TRANSP GEOGR, V14, P342, DOI 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2005.10.008
   Cervero R, 2006, J AM PLANN ASSOC, V72, P475, DOI 10.1080/01944360608976767
   Dickinson JE, 2003, TRANSPORT RES D-TR E, V8, P53, DOI 10.1016/S1361-9209(02)00018-4
   Inoue N, 2003, PROC E ASIA SOC TRAN, V4, P1458
   Kingham S, 2001, TRANSPORT POLICY, V8, P151, DOI 10.1016/S0967-070X(01)00005-1
   Milakis, 2008, EJTIR, V8, P201
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   TCSU, 2002, REP MAN PLANN TRANSP, V0, P0
   TCSU, 2001, REP COMPR TRANSP PLA, V0, P0
   TCSU, 2002, REP PUBL TRANSP PLAN, V0, P0
   TCSU, 2002, REP COMPR TRANSP PLA, V0, P0
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 9
PU HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIV, FAC CONSTRUCTION & ENVIRONMENT
PI KOWLOON
PA AG701, CHUNG SZE YUEN BLDG, HUNG HOM, KOWLOON, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 
EI 
J9 
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 0
IS 
BP 1459
EP 1468
DI 
PG 10
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Urban Studies
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies
GA BDL24
UT WOS:000313637300180
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Cui, JQ
   Allan, A
   Lin, D
AF Cui, Jianqiang
   Allan, Andrew
   Lin, Dong
TI A SUSTAINABLE WALKING ENVIRONMENT IN THE CENTRAL AREAS OF METROPOLISES - INTEGRATED UNDERGROUND PEDESTRIAN SYSTEMS
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE URBANIZATION (ICSU 2010)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
DE Pedestrian systems; Underground pedestrian spaces; Function integration; Walkability; Metropolises; Central areas
AB In countries and regions with rapidly developing economy and increasing urbanization, stresses from land shortages, population, transport and environment will exacerbate disharmony between supply and demand for urban space. Transport policies for the central area in metropolises acknowledge that intensive development of urban land is an effective way to optimize urban space. However, with phenomenon such as Peak Oil, and the drawbacks associated with Car Oriented Development, pedestrian systems are attracting increased attention from policy-makers. As a vital part of urban pedestrian systems, underground pedestrian spaces in central areas, not only relates to the network of urban pedestrian spaces, but also contributes to seamless exchange, in which there is a three dimensional exploration of urban space that, integrates urban functions and so on. Literature is reviewed to identify lessons regarding utilizing underground pedestrian systems integrating spaces on the street level and underground particularly with respect to walkability and sustainability. Problems emerging from the review then are examined from the perspective of pedestrians. This paper not only develops strategies for the planning, design and management of urban pedestrian spaces and explores the theories of urban underground pedestrian systems, but it also enriches the knowledge about the harmonious development of underground and ground level spaces.
C1 [Cui, Jianqiang; Allan, Andrew] Univ S Australia, Inst Sustainable Syst & Technol, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
   [Lin, Dong] CSUS, Beijing, Peoples R China.
C3 Adelaide University; University of South Australia
EM Jianqiangjean@yahoo.com.cn
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   Choi Ji-Sook, 2005, JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND APPLIED HUMAN SCIENCE, V24, P117, DOI 10.2114/jpa.24.117
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   Southworth M, 2005, J URBAN PLAN DEV, V131, P246, DOI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2005)131:4(246)
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NR 51
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 17
PU HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIV, FAC CONSTRUCTION & ENVIRONMENT
PI KOWLOON
PA AG701, CHUNG SZE YUEN BLDG, HUNG HOM, KOWLOON, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 
EI 
J9 
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 0
IS 
BP 598
EP 604
DI 
PG 7
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Urban Studies
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies
GA BDL24
UT WOS:000313637300074
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Ewing, R
   Cervero, R
AF Ewing, Reid
   Cervero, Robert
TI Travel and the Built Environment
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE vehicle miles traveled (VMT); walking; transit; built environment; effect sizes
ID residential self-selection; physical-activity; urban form; land-use; mode choice; adults participation; empirical-evidence; station boardings; neighborhood type; public-transit
AB Problem: Localities and states are turning to land planning and urban design for help in reducing automobile use and related social and environmental costs. The effects of such strategies on travel demand have not been generalized in recent years from the multitude of available studies. Purpose: We conducted a meta-analysis of the built environment-travel literature existing at the end of 2009 in order to draw generalizable conclusions for practice. We aimed to quantify effect sizes, update earlier work, include additional outcome measures, and address the methodological issue of self-selection. Methods: We computed elasticities for individual studies and pooled them to produce weighted averages. Results and conclusions: Travel variables are generally inelastic with respect to change in measures of the built environment. Of the environmental variables considered here, none has a weighted average travel elasticity of absolute magnitude greater than 0.39, and most are much less. Still, the combined effect of several such variables on travel could be quite large. Consistent with prior work, we find that vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is most strongly related to measures of accessibility to destinations and secondarily to street network design variables. Walking is most strongly related to measures of land use diversity, intersection density, and the number of destinations within walking distance. Bus and train use are equally related to proximity to transit and street network design variables, with land use diversity a secondary factor. Surprisingly, we find population and job densities to be only weakly associated with travel behavior once these other variables are controlled. Takeaway for practice: The elasticities we derived in this meta-analysis may be used to adjust outputs of travel or activity models that are otherwise insensitive to variation in the built environment, or be used in sketch planning applications ranging from climate action plans to health impact assessments. However, because sample sizes are small, and very few studies control for residential preferences and attitudes, we cannot say that planners should generalize broadly from our results. While these elasticities are as accurate as currently possible, they should be understood to contain unknown error and have unknown confidence intervals. They provide a base, and as more built-environment/travel studies appear in the planning literature, these elasticities should be updated and refined. Research support: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
C1 [Ewing, Reid] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   [Cervero, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
C3 Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
RP Ewing, R (通讯作者)，Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
EM ewing@arch.utah.edu; robertc@berkeley.edu
CR Unknown -, 2004, 83 ANN M TRANSP RES, V0, P0
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NR 156
TC 3466
Z9 4214
U1 71
U2 1375
PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0194-4363
EI 1939-0130
J9 J AM PLANN ASSOC
JI J. Am. Plan. Assoc.
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 76
IS 3
BP 265
EP 294
DI 10.1080/01944361003766766
PG 30
WC Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA 616KY
UT WOS:000279209500001
DA 2026-05-02
ER

PT J
AU Biddulph, M
AF Biddulph, Mike
TI Evaluating the English Home Zone Initiatives
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE home zones; woonerf; street standards; liveability; shared space
ID safety
AB Problem: What lessons on street design can professional planners take from recent English home zone initiatives? Purpose: This article is a comparative evaluation of English home zones, or streets shared by vehicles and pedestrians based on the Dutch woonerf concept. This approach to street design is intended to improve livability. Methods: I used monitoring data on 14 home zone projects to draw generalizable lessons from the initiatives. Results and conclusions: Although the concept of the home zone has not been fully implemented in all cases, these projects exhibited lower traffic speeds and continued low or reduced numbers of traffic accidents compared to conditions before the home zones were implemented, and residents report that they now feel their streets are safer for their children. Residents also report finding the home zone streets to be more attractive than they were previously, and some of those in high crime areas experienced reduced levels of crime and antisocial behavior, although these results were not obtained everywhere. Evidence that the treatments resulted in more socializing among adults is less convincing. In general the projects are very well received by residents, demonstrating that this approach to street design improves livability. However, the evidence suggests that similar effects might be realized with less comprehensive and expensive solutions. Takeaway for practice: The introduction of home zone design qualities has contributed to improved livability in established residential streets.
C1 Cardiff Univ, Sch City & Reg Planning, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales.
C3 Cardiff University
RP Biddulph, M (通讯作者)，Cardiff Univ, Sch City & Reg Planning, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales.
EM BiddulphMJ@cardiff.ac.uk
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NR 61
TC 22
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 35
PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0194-4363
EI 1939-0130
J9 J AM PLANN ASSOC
JI J. Am. Plan. Assoc.
PD JUN 15
PY 2010
VL 76
IS 2
BP 199
EP 218
DI 10.1080/01944361003622688
PG 20
WC Regional & Urban Planning; Urban Studies
SC Public Administration; Urban Studies
GA 592DT
UT WOS:000277356300005
DA 2026-05-02
ER

