Taxonomy

11 pages, 16285 KiB

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A New Species of the Spider Genus Parabatinga Polotow and Brescovit, 2009 (Araneae: Ctenidae), from the Brazilian Amazonia

by Antonio Domingos Brescovit, Igor Cizauskas and Daniele Polotow

Taxonomy 2022, 2(2), 244-254; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2020019 - 15 Jun 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1499

Abstract

Parabatinga danielae sp. n. is described and illustrated based on material collected in caves of the Carajás region, state of Pará, Brazilian Amazonia. With the inclusion of the second species in the genus, we propose here a new diagnosis for Parabatinga and its [...] Read more.

Parabatinga danielae sp. n. is described and illustrated based on material collected in caves of the Carajás region, state of Pará, Brazilian Amazonia. With the inclusion of the second species in the genus, we propose here a new diagnosis for Parabatinga and its type species, P. brevipes (Keyserling, 1891). Full article

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8 pages, 6214 KiB

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A New Aulacoseira Thwaites (Bacillariophyta) Species from Wyoming, USA

by Jeremy Greifenstein, Rachel Shea and John Patrick Kociolek

Taxonomy 2022, 2(2), 236-243; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2020018 - 08 Jun 2022

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Abstract

A new species, Aulacoseira wyomingensis, is described from a small seep near Casper, Wyoming, USA, using light and scanning electron microscopy, in which it was the dominant diatom taxon. Valves have large areolae that cover the valve face. Spines, when present, are [...] Read more.

A new species, Aulacoseira wyomingensis, is described from a small seep near Casper, Wyoming, USA, using light and scanning electron microscopy, in which it was the dominant diatom taxon. Valves have large areolae that cover the valve face. Spines, when present, are short and shield-like, precluding chain formation. Unlike most members of the genus, A. wyomingensis appears to lack rimoportulae. While we assign this species to the genus Aulacoseira within the Aulacoseiraceae based on the radial nature of its valve, its cingulum composed of fine ligulate bands, and presence of a ringleiste and collum, it does not appear to be easily assigned to any of the morphological groups within the genus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Paper Collection of Editorial Board Members of Taxonomy)

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9 pages, 796 KiB

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Phylogenetic Position of African Punctoid Snails (Stylommatophora, Punctoidea, Trachycystinae)

by Rodrigo Brincalepe Salvador

Taxonomy 2022, 2(2), 227-235; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2020017 - 02 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1569

Abstract

The punctoid land snail family Charopidae, as currently defined, is a paraphyletic assemblage of taxa with Gondwanan distribution. It is represented in Africa largely by the pinwheels (genus Trachycystis and allies) and afrodontas (genus Afrodonta and allies), as well as a few additional [...] Read more.

The punctoid land snail family Charopidae, as currently defined, is a paraphyletic assemblage of taxa with Gondwanan distribution. It is represented in Africa largely by the pinwheels (genus Trachycystis and allies) and afrodontas (genus Afrodonta and allies), as well as a few additional genera, such as Reticulapex, Pilula, and Helenoconcha. Herein, a Bayesian inference phylogenetic analysis (using four molecular markers) is conducted to test whether these taxa belong to the Charopidae and, if so, what their position is in the phylogenetic tree. It is concluded that Reticulapex and Pilula do not belong to the Punctoidea and are thus transferred to the Acavidae and Helicarionoidea, respectively. The pinwheels and afrodontas form a monophyletic group, the most basal branch of “Charopidae”, here classified as the subfamily Trachycystinae. It possibly represents an old southern African lineage potentially dating back to the split of Gondwana, while the remaining “Charopidae” and Punctidae can be found in Zealandia and Australia, and later, in the Americas and Europe. If further studies support the present findings, the elevation of Trachycystinae to the family level might be warranted. Finally, Flammoconchinae is also identified as a New Zealand subfamily of “Charopidae”. Full article

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19 pages, 50402 KiB

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Description of Three New Cleptes Species from Cyprus and Lebanon with Updates and Revisions to the Genus (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)

by Paolo Rosa, Christodoulos Makris and Mira Boustani

Taxonomy 2022, 2(2), 208-226; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2020016 - 09 May 2022

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Abstract

Three new species of Cleptes Latreille, 1802, in the C. nitidulus species group are described: C. sfenthourakisi Rosa & Makris, sp. nov. (from Cyprus), C. christi Rosa & Makris, sp. nov. (Cyprus), and C. adonis Rosa & Boustani, sp. nov. (Lebanon). A new [...] Read more.

Three new species of Cleptes Latreille, 1802, in the C. nitidulus species group are described: C. sfenthourakisi Rosa & Makris, sp. nov. (from Cyprus), C. christi Rosa & Makris, sp. nov. (Cyprus), and C. adonis Rosa & Boustani, sp. nov. (Lebanon). A new synonymy is proposed: C. ignitus var. chevrieri Frey-Gessner, 1887, syn. nov. of C. splendidus (Fabricius, 1794). The two members of the C. morawitzi species group, and the single member of the C. rugulosus group are transferred to the C. nitidulus group. The Cleptes semenovi species group is transferred from the subgenus Chrysocleptes Móczár, 1962 to the subgenus Leiocleptes Móczár, 1962, and synonymised with the C. nitidulus species group. Cleptes viridis Gravenhorst, 1806, is considered nomen dubium. An updated checklist of the C. nitidulus group is given, including all the species described and synonymised after the latest revision by Móczár. Full article

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12 pages, 1864 KiB

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New Brittle Stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the Oligocene of the Mainz Basin, Germany

by Ben Thuy, Kai Nungesser and Lea D. Numberger-Thuy

Taxonomy 2022, 2(2), 196-207; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2020015 - 27 Apr 2022

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Abstract

The fossil record of the Ophiuroidea is still patchy, especially in the Cenozoic. Only four species have been described from the entire Oligocene, which is in stark contrast to the present-day diversity counting more than 2000 species. Here, we describe two new species [...] Read more.

The fossil record of the Ophiuroidea is still patchy, especially in the Cenozoic. Only four species have been described from the entire Oligocene, which is in stark contrast to the present-day diversity counting more than 2000 species. Here, we describe two new species of ophiuroid, Ophiura tankardi sp. nov. and Ophiodoris niersteinensis sp. nov., from the Lower Oligocene of the Mainz Basin. The species are based on microfossils extracted from the sieving residues of bulk sediment samples from a flush drill in Nierstein, Rhineland-Palatinate. The new species belong to extant genera and add to the poor Oligocene fossil record of the class. Based on present-day distributions, the occurrence of Ophiodoris suggests deep sublittoral to shallow bathyal palaeodepths for the Nierstein area of the Mainz Basin. Full article

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16 pages, 10466 KiB

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Typha lepechinii Mavrodiev et Kapit. sp. nov. (Typhaceae Juss.)—A New Endangered Endemic Cattail in the Outmost East of European Russia

by Olga A. Kapitonova, Albert A. Muldashev, Guzel R. Platunova and Evgeny V. Mavrodiev

Taxonomy 2022, 2(2), 180-195; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2020014 - 22 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2081

Abstract

Typha lepechinii, a new species from European Russia, is described. In terms of the external morphology, it is similar to T. shuttleworthii but differs from the latter by the shape of female inflorescence, wider leaf blades and geographical distribution. Like T. shuttleworthii [...] Read more.

Typha lepechinii, a new species from European Russia, is described. In terms of the external morphology, it is similar to T. shuttleworthii but differs from the latter by the shape of female inflorescence, wider leaf blades and geographical distribution. Like T. shuttleworthii, T. lepechinii is clearly distinct from all other cattails of T. sect. Ebracteolatae due to its short male inflorescence that is 2–4 times shorter than the contiguous female inflorescence. The spatial disjunction of this new species from the main distribution range of predominantly European T. shuttleworthii is significant: T. lepechinii is an endemic of the outmost East of the Russian Plain, in particular, the regions of Middle and Southern Cis-Ural region (basin of the Middle and Lower Kama). In terms of the political administrative borders, this new cattail was found in the Udmurt Republic, the Republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, the parts of the Russian Federation. From the elementary comparative molecular standpoint, T. lepechinii is different from its sister T. shuttleworthii due to four single nucleotide positions and two indels of the rpl32 gene and rpl32-trnL intergenic spacer (cpDNA). The new cattail is named after I. I. Lepechin (1737–1802)—a Russian scientist-encyclopedist whose primary botanical interest focused on the regions of Ural and Siberia. Full article

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20 pages, 17005 KiB

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Comparative Morphological Analysis of Two Species of Turtle Leeches Coexisting in North America (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae): Embryological Evidence for Character Displacement

by Roy T. Sawyer

Taxonomy 2022, 2(2), 160-179; https://doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy2020013 - 02 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3595

Abstract

The genus Placobdella (Glossiphoniidae) has a centre of species concentration in North America. The type species P. costata is the only representative in the Palaearctic region. American Placobdella which feed on turtles are represented predominantly by two common species, P. parasitica and P. [...] Read more.

The genus Placobdella (Glossiphoniidae) has a centre of species concentration in North America. The type species P. costata is the only representative in the Palaearctic region. American Placobdella which feed on turtles are represented predominantly by two common species, P. parasitica and P. rugosa, which geographically overlap in eastern USA and southern Canada. The latter species is morphologically indistinguishable from P. multilineata of southeast USA. These two tuberculated forms are recognised herein as a clade and treated as a single ‘species’ for comparative purposes. Both P. parasitica and P. rugosa clade commonly coexist and feed on the same turtle species without host preference. This paper addresses morphological differences between them. An unexpected finding is that hatchlings of both species are very difficult to distinguish. A morphologically significant observation is that developmental divergence results in tubercle prominence in P. rugosa clade, but tubercle suppression in P. parasitica, the first example of character displacement in the Hirudinea. Morphological differences are interpreted as reflecting interspecific competition, a phenomenon not found in their Palaearctic counterpart. Why do the two American turtle leech species coexist rather than reduce competition by partitioning their food supply? Full article

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Taxonomy, Volume 2, Issue 2 (June 2022) – 7 articles

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