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Volume 9
Issue 3
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J, Volume 9, Issue 3 (September 2026) – 5 articles

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13 pages, 2534 KB  
Article
Simultaneous Visual Detection of 12 Pathogenic Bacteria Based on Multiplex PCR-Gene Membrane Chip Technology
by Jia Yang, Yongqi Yin and Weiming Fang
J 2026, 9(3), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/j9030024 - 4 Aug 2026
Viewed by 168
Abstract
Rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic bacteria is of critical concern in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. In this study, a gene membrane chip detection method combining multiplex PCR with reverse dot blot hybridization was developed to enable visual, high-throughput simultaneous identification of [...] Read more.
Rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic bacteria is of critical concern in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. In this study, a gene membrane chip detection method combining multiplex PCR with reverse dot blot hybridization was developed to enable visual, high-throughput simultaneous identification of 12 common pathogenic bacteria. Specific primers and probes were designed targeting Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas putida, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridium perfringens, and Staphylococcus aureus. The multiplex PCR reaction system, hybridization temperature, and color development conditions were systematically optimized to construct the gene membrane chip detection platform. The specificity, limit of detection, and stability of the method were rigorously evaluated. Results demonstrated that the 12 selected specific primer pairs effectively amplified the corresponding targets, yielding amplicon lengths ranging from 81 to 298 bp, with no nonspecific amplification observed. Under the optimized detection system, each probe produced clear, visually distinct color spots exclusively for its target, with no cross-reactivity. The method achieved a limit of detection as low as 0.01 ng/μL for mixed templates, and exhibited excellent intra- and inter-assay reproducibility. The established visual gene membrane chip assay successfully enables simultaneous differentiation of 12 control bacteria in a single reaction, providing a robust technical foundation and promising potential for rapid screening in food and drug safety, but its practical application requires further validation through authentic or spiked food samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biology & Life Sciences)
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19 pages, 2561 KB  
Article
Valorization of Oilseed Agro-Industrial Coproducts Through Optimized Lipase Production by Trichoderma sp. in Submerged Fermentation
by Juliana dos Santos Fernandes, Rodrigo Pires do Nascimento and Ivaldo Itabaiana, Jr.
J 2026, 9(3), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/j9030023 - 1 Aug 2026
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Abstract
This study integrates microbial biotechnology, bioprocess optimization, and circular bioeconomy principles to valorize oilseed agro-industrial coproducts as low-cost inducing substrates for lipase production. Palm kernel cake (PKC), canola cake, andiroba cake, and brewer’s spent grain were evaluated as carbon sources for extracellular lipase [...] Read more.
This study integrates microbial biotechnology, bioprocess optimization, and circular bioeconomy principles to valorize oilseed agro-industrial coproducts as low-cost inducing substrates for lipase production. Palm kernel cake (PKC), canola cake, andiroba cake, and brewer’s spent grain were evaluated as carbon sources for extracellular lipase production by the wild-type strain Trichoderma sp. LEPM-711 under submerged fermentation. Qualitative screening in olive oil/rhodamine B medium confirmed the strain’s lipolytic potential. Among the substrates tested, PKC showed the strongest induction, reaching 4.68 U mL−1, and was therefore selected for nitrogen supplementation and statistical optimization. Peptone supplementation increased lipolytic activity to 8.41 U mL−1 after 72 h. A Plackett–Burman design identified CaCl2·2H2O, CoCl2·6H2O, and peptone as significant medium components, while response surface methodology established the optimal operational conditions as pH 6.0, 106 spores mL−1, and 2% (w/v) PKC. Under these conditions, the crude enzymatic extract reached 18.31 U mL−1 at pH 7.0 and 45 °C, corresponding to an approximately 3.9-fold increase over the initial PKC fermentation. These findings support the use of Trichoderma sp. LEPM-711 and oilseed coproducts as a sustainable platform for enzyme production and residue upgrading within applied natural sciences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biology & Life Sciences)
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21 pages, 776 KB  
Review
Clinical Text De-Identification Beyond PHI Detection: A Scoping Review
by Murat Sariyar
J 2026, 9(3), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/j9030022 - 24 Jul 2026
Viewed by 372
Abstract
Background: Removing explicit protected health information (PHI) does not necessarily make a clinical narrative non-identifiable. Rare diagnoses, social circumstances, locations, temporal patterns, and treatment trajectories may still permit re-identification. Methods: This PRISMA-ScR-informed scoping review combined PubMed/MEDLINE, OpenAlex, and targeted NLP searches with OpenAlex [...] Read more.
Background: Removing explicit protected health information (PHI) does not necessarily make a clinical narrative non-identifiable. Rare diagnoses, social circumstances, locations, temporal patterns, and treatment trajectories may still permit re-identification. Methods: This PRISMA-ScR-informed scoping review combined PubMed/MEDLINE, OpenAlex, and targeted NLP searches with OpenAlex title-and-abstract, Web of Science, and Scopus sensitivity checks. Eligible publications addressed clinical or biomedical text de-identification from 1 January 2018 to 31 March 2026. Results: The searches yielded 275 records and 258 unique records after deduplication. Eligibility assessment produced 110 core records, 11 background or review records, and 22 exclusions. All 143 eligibility-stage records underwent independent double screening and reconciliation; structured extraction covered all 110 core records. Abstract screening of 47 additional Scopus candidates found no task function or implementation paradigm outside the proposed classification. The resulting two-axis framework separates a method’s role in the workflow from its technical implementation. Conclusions: Clinical text de-identification cannot be reduced to named-entity recognition. Local hybrid or transformer pipelines remain the most defensible baseline for routine PHI detection. LLMs are better suited to defined tasks in augmentation, transformation, and assurance, with local validation and explicit control of data exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Mathematics)
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23 pages, 581 KB  
Article
Social Determinants of Health Analysis of Athletic Trainers’ Perspectives on Student-Athlete Food Security Constraints and Drivers: A Qualitative Study
by Barbara Gordon, Natalie Christensen, Jenifer Reader and Cynthia Blanton
J 2026, 9(3), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/j9030021 - 23 Jul 2026
Viewed by 260
Abstract
Background: This study explored the observations and experiences of athletic trainers (ATs) regarding food security constraints and drivers among collegiate student-athletes through the framework of the social determinants of health (SDOH). Methods: Seventeen ATs from nine public Mountain West Division I schools participated [...] Read more.
Background: This study explored the observations and experiences of athletic trainers (ATs) regarding food security constraints and drivers among collegiate student-athletes through the framework of the social determinants of health (SDOH). Methods: Seventeen ATs from nine public Mountain West Division I schools participated in one of six 90 min, virtual focus groups conducted in July–December 2023. A phenomenological design and constructivist theoretical framework were employed to analyze transcripts, compile themes, infer food security constraints and drivers, and map them to SDOH domains. Results: Emerging constraints and drivers mapped to seven of the eight SDOH domains (education, employment, health systems and services, housing, income and wealth, physical environment, and social environment); no themes related to the public safety domain. Conclusions: ATs identified a considerable number of food security constraints and drivers; however, based on the findings of other studies, their observations were not comprehensive. Incorporating the findings of those other studies, food security constraints and drivers exist across all eight SDOH domains. Four concepts spanned multiple domains: student-athlete normative expectations, nutrition/food security prioritization, financial disparities, and residing off campus. To ensure food security among collegiate student-athletes, AT perceptions suggest that structural changes facilitating the implementation of necessary food drivers may be warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Public Health & Healthcare)
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17 pages, 2708 KB  
Article
The Solution Structure of the Elenbaas–Heller Equation for Inductively Coupled Plasmas and Wall Stabilized Arcs
by Rizos N. Krikkis
J 2026, 9(3), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/j9030020 - 3 Jul 2026
Viewed by 421
Abstract
A numerical bifurcation analysis is presented for inductively coupled plasmas and wall-stabilized arcs for argon and hydrogen. Because of the non-linear transport and radiative properties, both problems admit multiple solutions, up to three for argon and up to four for hydrogen. The multiplicity [...] Read more.
A numerical bifurcation analysis is presented for inductively coupled plasmas and wall-stabilized arcs for argon and hydrogen. Because of the non-linear transport and radiative properties, both problems admit multiple solutions, up to three for argon and up to four for hydrogen. The multiplicity structure primarily dependents on the non-linear, and, especially, the non-monotonic relationship between thermal conductivity and temperature. As a result of the non-monotonicity, a multipoint energy equilibrium between joule heating (heat generation) and heat dissipation by conduction and radiation exists, giving rise to the multiplicity that is a characteristic feature of both radiating and non-radiating arcs. Despite the relatively simple one-dimensional model employed, the agreement with the experimental data is good. Full article
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