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4 pages, 1577 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications (AITA)

by Paolo Bison, Mario D’Acunto, Xavier Maldague, Davide Moroni, Valentina Raimondi, Antoni Rogalski, Takahide Sakagami and Marija Strojnik

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027053 - 16 Dec 2019

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Abstract

The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications has been held in Florence on 16–19 September 2019. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 1146 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Leonardo Spaceborne Infrared Payloads for Earth Observation: SLSTRs for Copernicus Sentinel 3 and PRISMA Hyperspectral Camera for PRISMA Satellite

by Peter Coppo, Fabio Brandani, Marco Faraci, Francesco Sarti and Massimo Cosi

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027001 - 16 Sep 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1604

Abstract

Leonardo has been involved in the realization of several infrared payloads for Earth Observation since 1990. Among the currently in orbit operative instruments we find the two SLSTRs and PRISMA. The SLSTRs are high accuracy radiometers of the Copernicus mission related to ESA [...] Read more.

Leonardo has been involved in the realization of several infrared payloads for Earth Observation since 1990. Among the currently in orbit operative instruments we find the two SLSTRs and PRISMA. The SLSTRs are high accuracy radiometers of the Copernicus mission related to ESA Sentinel-3 space component to provide Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data continuity respect to previous (A)ATSRs for climatology in the next 20-years. The PRISMA Program is the first ASI (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana) optical hyperspectral mission for Earth observation. It is based on a high spectral resolution spectrometer operating in the VIS-SWIR channels optically integrated with a panchromatic camera. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 518 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Principal Components Analysis for the Interpretation of Humidification Phenomena—Preliminary Results

by Eva Barreira, Maria Lurdes Simões, Ricardo M. S. F. Almeida and Sofia Pinto

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027002 - 16 Sep 2019

Viewed by 1543

Abstract

Moisture is one of the major causes of building decay, compromising the indoor air quality and the durability of building components. Infrared thermography is a non-destructive technique that can be used to prevent damage caused by the presence of water. In this study, [...] Read more.

Moisture is one of the major causes of building decay, compromising the indoor air quality and the durability of building components. Infrared thermography is a non-destructive technique that can be used to prevent damage caused by the presence of water. In this study, the potential of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was assessed as a quantitative technique for processing the thermal images captured during 24 hours of water absorption by a lightweight concrete specimen. PCA showed that the first principal component is the one that better explains the phenomenon. The initial instant was the most interesting to identify the water level in the sample and the final instant allowed defining the first 8h as the most relevant. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 897 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Feasibility of Identifying Defects Illustrated on Building Facades by Applying Thermal Infrared Images with Shadow

by Pei-Hsun Tsai, Yishuo Huang and Jung-Hsing Tai

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027003 - 16 Sep 2019

Viewed by 1346

Abstract

Infrared thermography (IRT) has been widely employed to identify the defects illustrated in building facades. However, the IRT covered with a shadow is hard to be applied to determine the defects shown in the IRT. The study proposed an approach based on the [...] Read more.

Infrared thermography (IRT) has been widely employed to identify the defects illustrated in building facades. However, the IRT covered with a shadow is hard to be applied to determine the defects shown in the IRT. The study proposed an approach based on the multiplicated model to describe quantitively the shadow effects, and the IRT can be segmented into few classes according to the surface temperature information recorded on the IRT by employing a thermal infrared camera. The segmented results were compared with the non-destructive method (acoustic tracing) to verify the correctness and robustness of the approach. From the processed results, the proposed approach did correctly identify the defects illustrated in building facades through the IRTs were covered with shadow. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 510 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Importance of Moisture Content to the Emissivity of Ceramic Bricks

by Eva Barreira, Ricardo M.S.F. Almeida, Maria Lurdes Simões and Francisca Anhas

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027004 - 16 Sep 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1498

Abstract

Emissivity is a key parameter if one intends to use quantitative thermography. The importance of temperature, surface characteristics, wavelength and the direction of the emitted radiation in the emissivity is well documented in the literature. However, no research was found concerning the effect [...] Read more.

Emissivity is a key parameter if one intends to use quantitative thermography. The importance of temperature, surface characteristics, wavelength and the direction of the emitted radiation in the emissivity is well documented in the literature. However, no research was found concerning the effect of moisture content. In this research, an experimental campaign was carried out with two main objectives: compare the emissivity value measured with an emissometer with the value measured with infrared thermography; assess the importance of moisture content in the emissivity value measured with an emissometer. A ceramic brick was used as an example case. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 1168 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Flash Thermography Mapping of Degradation Patterns in Archaeological Glass

by Jacopo Melada, Nicola Ludwig, Francesca Micheletti, Jacopo Orsilli, Marco Gargano and Letizia Bonizzoni

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027005 - 16 Sep 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1383

Abstract

The process of degradation in artefacts subjected to centuries of burial can be of great relevance above all in archaeological glass. Infrared thermography is a non-destructive method allowing to map the defects of the glass substrate, both produced during its manufacturing (e.g., bubbles [...] Read more.

The process of degradation in artefacts subjected to centuries of burial can be of great relevance above all in archaeological glass. Infrared thermography is a non-destructive method allowing to map the defects of the glass substrate, both produced during its manufacturing (e.g., bubbles and inclusions) and due to ageing. This research is focused on the use of different flash thermography methods for the mapping of superficial flakes on Roman glasses dating back to the I and II century A.D. The effectiveness of active thermography methods is evaluated to map degraded portions of archaeological glass considering their semitransparency and specific optical absorption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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2 pages, 165 KiB

Open AccessExtended Abstract

Raman Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic Tool Applied for Tissue Pathologies to Support Histological Analysis

by Julietta V. Rau

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027006 - 17 Sep 2019

Viewed by 1130

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a non-invasive optical tool to. [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

5 pages, 704 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Automatic Detection and Delimitation of Internal Moisture in Mosaics from Thermographic Sequences. Experimental Tests

by Iván Garrido, Susana Lagüela, Stefano Sfarra, Hai Zhang and Xavier P.V. Maldague

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027007 - 17 Sep 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1198

Abstract

InfraRed Thermography, IRT, is one of the most recent techniques to monitor heritage elements, finding existing pathologies in order to implement the required maintenance tasks. However, most IRT results on cultural heritage are interpreted subjectively. Then, this work presents a methodology for the [...] Read more.

InfraRed Thermography, IRT, is one of the most recent techniques to monitor heritage elements, finding existing pathologies in order to implement the required maintenance tasks. However, most IRT results on cultural heritage are interpreted subjectively. Then, this work presents a methodology for the automatic detection and delimitation of moisture inside a heritage element, a mosaic in this case, from a thermographic sequence, based on the analysis of the temperature distribution of the thermal images acquired. Comparing the experimental test results with typical thermographic algorithms, the detection performance of the algorithm proposed was similar, but the new method is able to delimit and automate the whole process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 450 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Integrated Multi-channel PPG and ECG System for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

by David Perpetuini, Antonio Maria Chiarelli, Vincenzo Vinciguerra, Piergiusto Vitulli, Sergio Rinella, Daniela Cardone, Francesco Bianco, Vincenzo Perciavalle, Sabina Gallina, Giorgio Fallica and Arcangelo Merla

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027008 - 17 Sep 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2012

Abstract

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive technique that employs near infrared light to estimate periodic oscillations in blood volume within arteries caused by the pulse pressure wave. Importantly, combined Electrocardiography (ECG) and PPG can be employed to quantify arterial stiffness. The capabilities of a [...] Read more.

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive technique that employs near infrared light to estimate periodic oscillations in blood volume within arteries caused by the pulse pressure wave. Importantly, combined Electrocardiography (ECG) and PPG can be employed to quantify arterial stiffness. The capabilities of a home-made multi-channel PPG-ECG device (7 PPG probes, 4 ECG derivations) to evaluate arterial ageing were assessed. The high numerosity of channels allowed to estimate arterial stiffness at multiple body locations, without supra-systolic cuff occlusion, providing a fast and accurate examination of cardiovascular status and potentially allowing large scale clinical screening of cardiovascular risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 712 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Dynamic Line-Scan Thermography for the Inspection of Paper-Based Materials: A Case Study Focused on an Ancient Book Cover

by Hai Zhang, Stefano Sfarra, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo and Xavier P. V. Maldague

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027009 - 18 Sep 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1220

Abstract

This work is focused on the use of line-scan thermography (LST) method for the inspection of an ancient book cover. Three widely used image post-processing techniques (i.e., pulsed phase thermography, partial least square thermography and principal component thermography) were applied to the acquired [...] Read more.

This work is focused on the use of line-scan thermography (LST) method for the inspection of an ancient book cover. Three widely used image post-processing techniques (i.e., pulsed phase thermography, partial least square thermography and principal component thermography) were applied to the acquired thermal sequences. Flash thermography (FT) anticipated the LST results in order to have a comparison of the results. It was concluded that LST is an effective technique for paper-based materials, and it can additionally provide a higher image contrast if compared to classical FT technique. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 1226 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Experimental Tests on TIR Multispectral Images for Temperature-Emissivity Separation by Using the MaxEnTES Algorithm

by Vanni Nardino, Gabriele Amato, Donatella Guzzi, Cinzia Lastri and Valentina Raimondi

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027010 - 18 Sep 2019

Viewed by 1162

Abstract

Satellite images in the TIR are relevant for several Earth Observation applications. The retrieval of temperature and emissivity from the emitted radiance, however, requires the use of suitable algorithms, such as the MaxEnTES that uses the concept of maximum entropy to solve the [...] Read more.

Satellite images in the TIR are relevant for several Earth Observation applications. The retrieval of temperature and emissivity from the emitted radiance, however, requires the use of suitable algorithms, such as the MaxEnTES that uses the concept of maximum entropy to solve the Temperature-Emissivity Separation problem. Here we discuss the performance of MaxEnTES when applied to TIR images with a limited number of channels, specifically simulated HyspIRI multispectral images and real multispectral images by ASTER. The results were respectively compared with the original temperatures used for the simulations and with the temperatures obtained by using the ASTER TES algorithm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 1766 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Using Near Infrared for Studying Lemming Subnival Behavior in the High Arctic

by Davood Kalhor, Anastasiia Pusenkova, Mathilde Poirier, Gilles Gauthier, Tigran Galstian and Xavier Maldague

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027011 - 19 Sep 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1873

Abstract

Despite the crucial role of lemming in the Arctic ecosystem, many aspects of its ecology are still unknown. The main challenge of studying lemming is that this rodent does not hibernate in winter and remains active under snow. To tackle this challenge, this [...] Read more.

Despite the crucial role of lemming in the Arctic ecosystem, many aspects of its ecology are still unknown. The main challenge of studying lemming is that this rodent does not hibernate in winter and remains active under snow. To tackle this challenge, this paper presents a monitoring system based on near infrared. Design and implementation of a system that should work autonomously in the harsh arctic environment is really challenging. After developing the first version of the equipment, we installed three units at Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada. Retrieved videos were promising and showed the great potential of this system in assisting ecologists to study the subnivean ecology of the Arctic. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first ever videos of lemming that have been recorded under snow in winter in the Arctic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 7199 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Integrating Thermographic Images in A User-Friendly Platform to Support Inspection of Railway Bridges

by Roberto Olmi, Lorenzo Palombi, Simone Durazzani, Daniele Poggi, Nicolò Renzoni, Fabrizio Costantino, Stefano Durazzani, Gianni Frilli and Valentina Raimondi

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027012 - 19 Sep 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1273

Abstract

preventive inspection of railway bridges is a key step for an effective maintenance program. The TOSCA-FI project has developed an integrated ICT platform for easy access to a wide set of data, obtained with several imaging techniques (high definition photography, photogrammetry, 3D scanning, [...] Read more.

preventive inspection of railway bridges is a key step for an effective maintenance program. The TOSCA-FI project has developed an integrated ICT platform for easy access to a wide set of data, obtained with several imaging techniques (high definition photography, photogrammetry, 3D scanning, fluorescence LIDAR and thermography) and integrated into a 3D model of the bridge. The aim is to provide a tool to support the inspection of railway bridges, often based exclusively on the visual inspection. In this paper, we present selected results obtained on masonry bridges by using thermography and their integration in the TOSCA-FI platform. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 713 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Infrared Non-Destructive Testing via Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

by Bardia Yousefi, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo and Xavier P.V. Maldague

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027013 - 20 Sep 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1274

Abstract

Detection of subsurface defects is undeniably a growing subfield of infrared non-destructive testing (IR-NDT). There are many algorithms used for this purpose, where non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is considered to be an interesting alternative to principal component analysis (PCA) by having no negative [...] Read more.

Detection of subsurface defects is undeniably a growing subfield of infrared non-destructive testing (IR-NDT). There are many algorithms used for this purpose, where non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is considered to be an interesting alternative to principal component analysis (PCA) by having no negative basis in matrix decomposition. Here, an application of Semi non-negative matrix factorization (Semi-NMF) in IR-NDT is presented to determine the subsurface defects of an Aluminum plate specimen through active thermographic method. To benchmark, the defect detection accuracy and computational load of the Semi-NMF approach is compared to state-of-the-art thermography processing approaches such as: principal component thermography (PCT), Candid Covariance-Free Incremental Principal Component Thermography (CCIPCT), Sparse PCT, Sparse NMF and standard NMF with gradient descend (GD) and non-negative least square (NNLS). The results show 86% accuracy for 27.5s computational time for SemiNMF, which conclusively indicate the promising performance of the approach in the field of IR-NDT. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 454 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Intracellular Components

by Mario D’Acunto

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027014 - 20 Sep 2019

Viewed by 1097

Abstract

In the last decade, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) met increasing interest in the detection of chemical and biological agents due to its rapid performance and ultra-sensitive features. SERS is a combination of Raman spectroscopy and nanotechnology; it includes the advantages of Raman spectroscopy, [...] Read more.

In the last decade, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) met increasing interest in the detection of chemical and biological agents due to its rapid performance and ultra-sensitive features. SERS is a combination of Raman spectroscopy and nanotechnology; it includes the advantages of Raman spectroscopy, providing rapid spectra collection, small sample sizes, and characteristic spectral fingerprints for specific analytes. In this paper, we detected label-free SERS signals for arbitrarily configurations of dimers, trimers, etc., composed of gold nanoshells (AuNSs) and applied to the mapping of osteosarcoma intracellular components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 582 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Raman Spectroscopy and Cancer Diagnosis

by Barbara Bravo, Luigi Ciani and Mario D’Acunto

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027015 - 20 Sep 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1822

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy is a technique based on inelastic scattering of molecular systems when illuminated by monochromatic radiation. Owing to its high chemical specificity and noninvasive detection capability, in the last decade, Raman scattering has found wide application in cancer screening and diagnosis. In [...] Read more.

Raman spectroscopy is a technique based on inelastic scattering of molecular systems when illuminated by monochromatic radiation. Owing to its high chemical specificity and noninvasive detection capability, in the last decade, Raman scattering has found wide application in cancer screening and diagnosis. In this paper; we describe recent results obtained by applying Raman spectroscopy to osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma; the two main bone tumors. The results show the remarkable potential of Thermo Scientific™ DXR™2 microscope to discriminate between subcellular components inside osteo-differentiated osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells or; at level of tissues; to discriminate chondrogenic tumors giving the possibility to grade the level of malignancy the cartilaginous tumors under investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 1063 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Relationship between Inspection Time and Frequency Components of Input and Reflected Thermal Waves in Active Thermographic Non-Destructive Inspection

by Masashi Ishikawa, Sou Ishihara, Hideo Nishino, Masashi Koyama, Hideyuki Kasano, Hiroshi Hatta and Shin Utsunomiya

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027016 - 21 Sep 2019

Viewed by 1227

Abstract

Experiments and numerical simulations for a carbon fiber reinforced plastic specimen were performed to investigate the relationship between the time required for detecting subsurface defects and the frequency components of the thermal waves propagating within the specimen. Experimental results showed that the required [...] Read more.

Experiments and numerical simulations for a carbon fiber reinforced plastic specimen were performed to investigate the relationship between the time required for detecting subsurface defects and the frequency components of the thermal waves propagating within the specimen. Experimental results showed that the required inspection time was shortened by increasing the frequency of the input thermal wave. However, if the attenuation during thermal wave propagation is large enough to render the detection of the thermal wave reflected at the subsurface defect impossible, the inspection time exceeds the time estimated by theoretical calculation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 614 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Numerical Focusing of a Wide Field-of-View Instrument for Monitoring the Planetary Energy Budget

by Anum Barki Ashraf, J. Robert Mahan, Kory J. Priestley and Mohan Shankar

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027017 - 21 Sep 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1072

Abstract

Wide field-of-view optical instruments based on Ritchey-Crétien telescopes have been proposed to replace narrow field-of-view scanning instruments for Earth radiation budget monitoring applications. A disadvantage of such instruments is that they are subject to significant focal plane distortion. A novel numerical focusing scheme [...] Read more.

Wide field-of-view optical instruments based on Ritchey-Crétien telescopes have been proposed to replace narrow field-of-view scanning instruments for Earth radiation budget monitoring applications. A disadvantage of such instruments is that they are subject to significant focal plane distortion. A novel numerical focusing scheme is proposed and demonstrated using a Monte Carlo ray-trace-based simulation of the performance of a candidate instrument. Results are presented which indicate that image recovery error can be significantly reduced using the proposed algorithm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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10 pages, 600 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Concept of Computer Vision Based Algorithm for Detecting Thermal Anomalies in Reinforced Concrete Structures

by Michele De Filippo, Sasan Asadiabadi, Nigel Ko and Harris Sun

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027018 - 21 Sep 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1747

Abstract

In Hong Kong, there is great abundancy of aged buildings and infrastructures for which a re-assessment of the current status is needed. Water exfiltrations/infiltrations, deteriorating insulations, thermal bridges and regions of failure are among the most recurrent symptoms to be found in existing [...] Read more.

In Hong Kong, there is great abundancy of aged buildings and infrastructures for which a re-assessment of the current status is needed. Water exfiltrations/infiltrations, deteriorating insulations, thermal bridges and regions of failure are among the most recurrent symptoms to be found in existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures. Diagnosis of such symptoms, in the form of thermal infrared anomalies, is usually performed through infrared (IR) image capturing, followed by qualitative assessment. This paper presents a novel automated computer-vision-based method for detecting thermal anomalies. Such Computer-Vision (CV) algorithm is tested on different thermal scenarios including beam elements, roofs and entire façades of RC buildings. Thermal anomalies related to cases of water leakages, moisture trapping and debonding are successfully detected. The authors intend to undertake further research for successfully implementing the method for detecting also other thermal dissimilarities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

5 pages, 2713 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Preliminary Study on Non Contact Thermal Monitoring of Microwave Photonic Systems

by Bushra Jalil, Bilal Hussain, Maria Antonietta Pascali, Giovanni Serafino, Davide Moroni and Paolo Ghelfi

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027019 - 23 Sep 2019

Viewed by 1422

Abstract

Microwave photonic systems are more susceptible to thermal fluctuations due to thermo-optic effect. In order to stabilize the performance of photonic components, thermal monitoring is achieved by using thermistors placed at any arbitrary location along the component. This work presents non contact thermography [...] Read more.

Microwave photonic systems are more susceptible to thermal fluctuations due to thermo-optic effect. In order to stabilize the performance of photonic components, thermal monitoring is achieved by using thermistors placed at any arbitrary location along the component. This work presents non contact thermography of a fully functional microwave photonic system. The temperature profile of printed circuit board (PCB) and photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is obtained using Fluke FLIR (A65) camera. We performed Otsu’s thresholding to segment heat centers located across PCB as well as PIC. The infrared and visible cameras used in this work have different field of view, therefore, after applying morphological methods, we performed image registration to synchronize both visible and thermal images. We demonstrate this method on the circuit board with active electrical/photonic elements and were able to observe thermal profile of these components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 210 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Techniques for Evaluating the Depth of a Crack by Means of Laser Spot Thermography

by Gabriele Inglese, Agnese Scalbi and Roberto Olmi

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027020 - 23 Sep 2019

Viewed by 1063

Abstract

Laser Spot Thermography is a useful tool in nondestructive crack detection. Our goal is to estimate the depth of a fracture from external thermal measurements. First we transform a set of real 3D data in a 2D effective one. Then we use the [...] Read more.

Laser Spot Thermography is a useful tool in nondestructive crack detection. Our goal is to estimate the depth of a fracture from external thermal measurements. First we transform a set of real 3D data in a 2D effective one. Then we use the 2D data set as input in different methods for solving an inverse problems for the heat equation. Our guiding idea is that an effort in the direction of the mathematical analysis of the problem, rewards us in term of computational costs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

3 pages, 155 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multiple Shots Averaging in Laser Flash Measurement

by Giovanni Ferrarini, Alessandro Bortolin, Gianluca Cadelano, Lorenzo Finesso and Paolo Bison

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027021 - 23 Sep 2019

Viewed by 1123

Abstract

The knowledge of the thermal properties of materials is a key resource for the correct design of industrial components. The laser flash method is a well-known procedure to determine the thermal diffusivity of a wide range of materials. However, in some cases there [...] Read more.

The knowledge of the thermal properties of materials is a key resource for the correct design of industrial components. The laser flash method is a well-known procedure to determine the thermal diffusivity of a wide range of materials. However, in some cases there is the need of limiting the input power, or measuring materials with high thermal capacity, or investigating thick samples. Under these circumstances, the expected signal-to-noise ratio can reach extremely low values. To solve this issue, the existing laser flash apparatus has been improved, creating a new control and data acquisition system that is able to repeat multiple times the emission of the laser impulse and the measurement of the thermal response of the specimen. This gives the possibility of averaging several measurements, leading to a decrease of the noise. The experimental validation on different samples shows the feasibility of the proposed setup, that makes it possible to work with low power inputs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

7 pages, 563 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Depth-Based Lip Localization and Identification of Open or Closed Mouth, Using Kinect 2

by Mina Zohoorian Yazdi

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027022 - 23 Sep 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1320

Abstract

A depth-based technique for lip localization and also mouth state analysis that is an important step in many applications such as lips reading, yawning detection and emotion recognition, is presented throughout this work. This is done by employing depth images captured by the [...] Read more.

A depth-based technique for lip localization and also mouth state analysis that is an important step in many applications such as lips reading, yawning detection and emotion recognition, is presented throughout this work. This is done by employing depth images captured by the Kinect V2 device. At first, using the depth information, we use the face’s depth information to reduce the search area for the lips by developing a nose point detection, Second, we further reduce the search area by using a depth segmentation algorithm to separate the mouth area. Finally, with the reduced search range, we present a method for mouth state identification based on depth information. Comparing this work with other researchers’ work using the databases prepared by authors and the VAP_RGBD dataset, we found that our method, which involves using of depth information, can solve the problem of varying illumination conditions. Experimental results demonstrated an accuracy of 91% for lip localization, and 86% for open or closed mouth state detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 296 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Correction of Thermographic Contrast Values in Relation to the Average Temperature of the Region for Comparative Analysis of Anomalies Exposed to Different Thermal Flows

by Luiz Aidar and Elton Bauer

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027023 - 23 Sep 2019

Viewed by 1084

Abstract

In the field of civil construction, infrared thermography can be used as a tool for inspection of building elements such as facade inspection. The large amount of variables involved in the thermal flow acting on the facade of a building makes it difficult [...] Read more.

In the field of civil construction, infrared thermography can be used as a tool for inspection of building elements such as facade inspection. The large amount of variables involved in the thermal flow acting on the facade of a building makes it difficult to compare different points of the facade. This work suggests the correction of the thermographic contrast values of the anomalies (Delta-T) in the relation at the average temperature of the region in which the anomaly is located. The results demonstrate a good correlation between the values of Delta-T and the adjusted Delta-T, thus legitimizing the use of adjusted Delta-T as a function of thermographic contrast. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 713 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Detection of Typical Metal Additive Manufacturing Defects by the Application of Thermographic Techniques

by Ester D’Accardi, Simon Altenburg, Christiane Maierhofer, Davide Palumbo and Umberto Galietti

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027024 - 23 Sep 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2891

Abstract

One of the most advanced technologies of Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) is the Laser Powder Bed Fusion process (L-PBF), also known as Selective Laser Melting (SLM). This process involves the deposition and fusion, layer by layer, of very fine metal powders and structure [...] Read more.

One of the most advanced technologies of Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) is the Laser Powder Bed Fusion process (L-PBF), also known as Selective Laser Melting (SLM). This process involves the deposition and fusion, layer by layer, of very fine metal powders and structure and quality of the final component strongly depends on several processing parameters, for example the laser parameters. Due to the complexity of the process it is necessary to assure the absence of defects in the final component, in order to accept or discard it. Thermography is a very fast non-destructive testing (NDT) technique. Its applicability for defect detection in AM produced parts would significantly reduce costs and time required for NDT, making it versatile and very competitive. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 236 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Laser-Induced Thermography for Quantitative Detection of Cracks in Building Materials

by Lorenzo Palombi, Gabriele Inglese, Valentina Raimondi and Roberto Olmi

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027025 - 23 Sep 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1184

Abstract

Laser-induced thermography is a an active technique using a laser source to heat a very small area on a side of a crack in a building material. The presence of a crack is easily detected as a sharp change in the temperature due [...] Read more.

Laser-induced thermography is a an active technique using a laser source to heat a very small area on a side of a crack in a building material. The presence of a crack is easily detected as a sharp change in the temperature due to its insulating nature, but no information about its depth is directly available from the thermal image. The method described in this paper uses a heuristic form of the temperature on the surface of the heated specimen, which is transformed to a two-dimensional distribution. Then, a relation is used (called

β

-tool) between the thermal gap across the crack and the unknown depth of the damage. The purpose is that of making it possible to distinguish between shallow and deep fractures (more than 15mm deep). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 229 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Application of Vibrational Spectroscopy in Biology and Medicine. Breath Analysis

by Alexander Apolonski, Susmita Roy, Renée Lampe and Kiran Sankar Maiti

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027026 - 23 Sep 2019

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1866

Abstract

Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study the molecular structure and dynamics. It has a great promise to use for medical diagnosis. It is already proved that volatile organic compound contain in breath, reflect the internal chemistry of the body. However, due [...] Read more.

Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study the molecular structure and dynamics. It has a great promise to use for medical diagnosis. It is already proved that volatile organic compound contain in breath, reflect the internal chemistry of the body. However, due to the lack of reliable investigation technique, identification and quantification of those molecules are not reached to clinically acceptable parameter. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) based vibrational spectroscopy has been used to investigate the breath sample. Molecular identification based component analysis of breath sample is proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 445 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Thermal Imaging Based Affective Computing for Educational Robot

by Chiara Filippini, Edoardo Spadolini, Daniela Cardone and Arcangelo Merla

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027027 - 23 Sep 2019

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1640

Abstract

Over the recent years, Social Robots (SRs) have become more and more prominent in everyday human lives. The main goal of a SR is to interact and communicate with human by following social behaviors and affective interaction. However, they still encounter significant limitations [...] Read more.

Over the recent years, Social Robots (SRs) have become more and more prominent in everyday human lives. The main goal of a SR is to interact and communicate with human by following social behaviors and affective interaction. However, they still encounter significant limitations in pursuing a natural interaction, mainly due to their hard task of recognizing and understanding human emotions thus ensuring an appropriate response. The aim of this study was to enrich the SR with affective computing capability and real time assessment of the interlocutor’s psychophysiological state, by means of computational psychophysiology based on thermal infrared imaging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 3280 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Thermographic Monitoring of Laser Cutting Machine

by Paolo Bison, Giovanni Ferrarini and Gabriele Zanon

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027028 - 23 Sep 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1561

Abstract

Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) laser cutting tools are developing as an alternative to conventional cutting systems thanks to increased accuracy, non-contact processing, higher productivity, less energy demand. An IR camera is utilized to monitor the laser cutting process of a steel plate. Even [...] Read more.

Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) laser cutting tools are developing as an alternative to conventional cutting systems thanks to increased accuracy, non-contact processing, higher productivity, less energy demand. An IR camera is utilized to monitor the laser cutting process of a steel plate. Even though the process is very complicated an analytical solution of the temperature field generated on a slab by a point source moving along one direction of the plate surface is provided in order to interpret the temperature field experimentally obtained by the IR camera. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 656 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Contribution of Infrared Thermography to Impact Testing of Composite Materials^†

by Carosena Meola

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027029 - 24 Sep 2019

Viewed by 1011

Abstract

This work wants to give an overview on information gathered at the University of Naples Federico II in the last ten years by monitoring the impact tests of composite materials with infrared thermography. Many tests have been carried out involving several different types [...] Read more.

This work wants to give an overview on information gathered at the University of Naples Federico II in the last ten years by monitoring the impact tests of composite materials with infrared thermography. Many tests have been carried out involving several different types of composites and different infrared cameras. The obtained results show that IRT can be advantageously used to both validate previously obtained data and to get new data that can be exploited for understanding more on the impact damaging of composite materials. This bears witness for the advantages of having an infrared imaging device within the testing instrumentation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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3 pages, 1060 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

CFRP Non-Destructive Testing Using IR Thermography Methods

by Waldemar Swiderski

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027030 - 25 Sep 2019

Viewed by 1200

Abstract

Multilayer composites reinforced fibres are often used in military applications as construction materials for lightweight ballistic covers that protect against fragments and projectiles. The basic fibre used in these applications is aramid fibre, but research is also conducted using carbon fibres. One of [...] Read more.

Multilayer composites reinforced fibres are often used in military applications as construction materials for lightweight ballistic covers that protect against fragments and projectiles. The basic fibre used in these applications is aramid fibre, but research is also conducted using carbon fibres. One of the many methods used in non-destructive testing of composites is active infrared thermography, in which different types of sources can be used to thermally stimulate the material being tested. This paper compares the results obtained with various methods of thermal stimulation in the study of samples made with CFRP with deliberately introduced defects and destructive tests. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 503 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Infrared Thermography and DIT of Quadcopter Rotor Blades Using Laser Heating

by Raffael Thiessen and Erich Schülein

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027031 - 25 Sep 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1435

Abstract

A measuring method to detect wall flow topologies by active infrared thermography was developed. Quadcopter rotor blades were studied in typical hover and forward flight conditions, while using a high-power infrared laser to heat the blade surface. By this, the distance between heat [...] Read more.

A measuring method to detect wall flow topologies by active infrared thermography was developed. Quadcopter rotor blades were studied in typical hover and forward flight conditions, while using a high-power infrared laser to heat the blade surface. By this, the distance between heat source and measuring object could be significantly increased compared to conventional heat sources. The resulting images show little blurring at high signal-to-noise ratios. In steady-state flow conditions, wall flow topologies could be detected reliably and show good agreement with performed oil-film interferometry measurements. Wind tunnel experiments at forward flight conditions were conducted and indicate unsteady shifts of the transition location. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 321 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Quantitative Inspection of Coatings Thickness by Time-Power Transformation Flash Pulse Thermographic Method

by Michal Švantner, Lukáš Muzika and Šárka Houdková

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027032 - 25 Sep 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1279

Abstract

Thermographic testing is an inspection method, which primary indicates a presence of discontinuities in a tested sample. Its application to coatings can indicate a presence of local thickness variations; however, it mostly does not bring a quantitative information about a thickness of the [...] Read more.

Thermographic testing is an inspection method, which primary indicates a presence of discontinuities in a tested sample. Its application to coatings can indicate a presence of local thickness variations; however, it mostly does not bring a quantitative information about a thickness of the coatings. This contribution is focused on a quantification of the thermographic inspection, which would make possible an evaluation of coating thickness differences. A flash pulse thermographic testing was applied to thermally sprayed coatings. An importance of a precise synchronization of a flash-source and thermographic recording was determined. Different evaluation methods were analyzed and their comparison showed that a time-power transformation method is the most suitable for a quantification of the inspection results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

4 pages, 504 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

2D Materials in Infrared Detector Family

by Antoni Rogalski

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027033 - 26 Sep 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1590

Abstract

The paper compares two-dimensional (2D) material detectors performance with traditionally and commercially available ones operating in high temperature conditions. The most effective single graphene detectors are THz detectors which utilize plasma rectification phenomena in FETs. Most of 2D layered semiconducting material photodetectors operate [...] Read more.

The paper compares two-dimensional (2D) material detectors performance with traditionally and commercially available ones operating in high temperature conditions. The most effective single graphene detectors are THz detectors which utilize plasma rectification phenomena in FETs. Most of 2D layered semiconducting material photodetectors operate at the visible and near-infrared regions and generally their high sensitivity does not coincide with a fast response time, which limits real detector functions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 1261 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Edge-Group Sparse Principal Component Thermography for Defect Detection in an Ancient Marquetry Sample

by Ching-Mei Wen, Stefano Sfarra, Gianfranco Gargiulo and Yuan Yao

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027034 - 27 Sep 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1388

Abstract

Nondestructive inspection (NDI) has immensely contributed to the restoration of historic and artistic works. As one of the most common used NDI methods, active thermography is an easy-to-operate and efficient technique. Principal component thermography (PCT) has been widely used to deal with thermographic [...] Read more.

Nondestructive inspection (NDI) has immensely contributed to the restoration of historic and artistic works. As one of the most common used NDI methods, active thermography is an easy-to-operate and efficient technique. Principal component thermography (PCT) has been widely used to deal with thermographic data for enhancing the visibility of subsurface defects. Unlike PCT, edge-group sparse PCT introduced herein enforces sparsity of principal component (PC) loadings by considering the spatial connectivity of thermographic image pixels. The feasibility and effectiveness of this method is illustrated by the experimental results of the defect characterization in an ancient marquetry sample with a fir wood support. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 685 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Exploring the Potential of Compressive Sensing and Super-Resolution for Space Applications in the MIR-TIR

by Cinzia Lastri, Donatella Guzzi, Vanni Nardino, Lorenzo Palombi and Valentina Raimondi

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027035 - 27 Sep 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1407

Abstract

Earth Observation applications could take advantage from the availability of high spatial resolution data in the MIR-TIR. This, however, poses technological challenges, especially for the availability of large focal plane. Here we discuss two approaches, the compressive sensing and the super-resolution, that could [...] Read more.

Earth Observation applications could take advantage from the availability of high spatial resolution data in the MIR-TIR. This, however, poses technological challenges, especially for the availability of large focal plane. Here we discuss two approaches, the compressive sensing and the super-resolution, that could provide a basis for the development of innovative EO instruments working in the MIR-TIR and able to enjoy an augmented resolution without increasing the number of detection elements in the matrix detector. Main pros and cons are analyzed, focusing on simulations done for an instrument combining both approaches to achieve super-resolved images for studying hot events. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 471 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optical Properties on Bone Analysis: An Approach to Biomaterials

by Andrea Antunes, José HL Pontes, Adamo F G Monte, Alcimar Barbosa and Nuno M F Ferreira

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027036 - 27 Sep 2019

Viewed by 1583

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of demineralization solution on the optical properties of chicken femoral samples. Biomaterials based on bone have gained importance in clinical applications due to their properties as better osseointegration and biocompatibility. Biomateriais (bone [...] Read more.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of demineralization solution on the optical properties of chicken femoral samples. Biomaterials based on bone have gained importance in clinical applications due to their properties as better osseointegration and biocompatibility. Biomateriais (bone substitute) are essentials to auxiliary in treatment of diseases related to bones such as bone density disorder, low bone mineral mass and the deterioration of bone tissue. Our data shows that integrating sphere technique permits to determinate significant difference in optical properties between healthy and demineralized samples. In this work, the optical properties of bone samples from chicken femur have been measured over the wavelength range 700–1000 nm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 401 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Numerical Analysis of Dark Currents in T2SL nBn Detector Grown by MBE on GaAs Substrate

by Małgorzata Kopytko, Emilia Gomółka, Tetiana Manyk, Krystian Michalczewski, Łukasz Kubiszyn, Jarosław Rutkowski and Piotr Martyniuk

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027037 - 9 Oct 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1550

Abstract

The paper presents the numerical analysis of the performance of the nBn type-II superlattice barrier detector operated at 230 K. Results of theoretical predictions were compared to the experimental data for the nBn detector composed of AlAs_0.15Sb_0.85 barrier and InAs [...] Read more.

The paper presents the numerical analysis of the performance of the nBn type-II superlattice barrier detector operated at 230 K. Results of theoretical predictions were compared to the experimental data for the nBn detector composed of AlAs_0.15Sb_0.85 barrier and InAs (5.096 nm)/InAs_0.62Sb_0.38 (1.94 nm) superlattice absorber and contact layer. Detector structure was grown on GaAs substrate using molecular beam epitaxy. To determine the position of the electron miniband and the first heavy hole state in the superlattice, we have used a k·p model which can also predict the absorption spectrum and the cut-off wavelength of an absorber layer. As shown, the most important parameters in the nBn structure optimization is the barrier height in the valence band. While the barrier in the conduction band must be high enough to prevent the flow of the electron current from the contact layer to the absorber, the barrier in the valence band must be sufficiently low to ensure the flow and a collection of optically generated holes. The position of the valence band edge for the AlAsSb barrier was changed by changing the valence band bowing parameter for this ternary material. Proper fit of the calculated plot to our experimental data was obtained assuming no bowing in the valence band for AlAsSb barrier. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 514 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

InAs/GaSb Superlattice Based Mid-Infrared Interband Cascade Photodetectors Grown on Both Native GaSb and Lattice-Mismatched GaAs Substrates

by Klaudia Hackiewicz, Małgorzata Kopytko, Jarosław Rutkowski, Piotr Martyniuk and Łukasz Ciura

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027038 - 9 Oct 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1388

Abstract

Electrical and optical properties of interband cascade infrared photodetectors with InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice absorbers are investigated in this work. We compare the detection parameters of detectors grown on the native GaSb substrate and lattice-mismatched GaAs substrate and seek solutions to enhance device performance, [...] Read more.

Electrical and optical properties of interband cascade infrared photodetectors with InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice absorbers are investigated in this work. We compare the detection parameters of detectors grown on the native GaSb substrate and lattice-mismatched GaAs substrate and seek solutions to enhance device performance, specifically with using an optical immersion. The detectors grown on GaAs have better detection parameters at room temperature, but at lower temperatures the misfit dislocations become more important and detectors grown on GaSb become better. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 1006 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Study of Transparency of Pigments to Near Infrared

by Marija Strojnik and Manuel Bravo-Medina

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027039 - 10 Oct 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1101

Abstract

We describe the results of a systematic study of reflectance of pigments traditionally used in Mexican cultural treasures on different substrates. We observe that underline drawings may be most easily detected in NIR when the pigment transmissivity in NIR is high. We conclude [...] Read more.

We describe the results of a systematic study of reflectance of pigments traditionally used in Mexican cultural treasures on different substrates. We observe that underline drawings may be most easily detected in NIR when the pigment transmissivity in NIR is high. We conclude that the under-drawings of best quality are detected with illuminators with low NIR wavelengths. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 912 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Applying a Two-Layer Quadrupole Model for Quantitative Thermography at Overload-Induced Delaminations in GFRP

by Jan P. Müller, Giuseppe Dell’Avvocato and Rainer Krankenhagen

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027040 - 10 Oct 2019

Viewed by 1598

Abstract

The applicability of 1D-quadrupole-model on the depth estimation of overload-induced delaminations is tested in this contribution. While classical 1D-methods like Pulsed Phase Transformation and Thermographic Signal Reconstruction determine the depth of a defect by one parameter, a two-layer quadrupole model provides two parameters: [...] Read more.

The applicability of 1D-quadrupole-model on the depth estimation of overload-induced delaminations is tested in this contribution. While classical 1D-methods like Pulsed Phase Transformation and Thermographic Signal Reconstruction determine the depth of a defect by one parameter, a two-layer quadrupole model provides two parameters: depth and thermal resistance. In addition, the convectional losses at the surfaces may be considered. The defect investigated is a large-scale delamination in glass fibre reinforced polymer generated by tension overload. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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6 pages, 3028 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Diffusion of Dopants and Components in Arsenic-Implanted CdTe/HgCdTe Structures under Different High-Temperature Annealing Conditions

by Changzhi Shi, Chun Lin and Yanfeng Wei

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027041 - 10 Oct 2019

Viewed by 1274

Abstract

The CdTe cap layers were grown on CdZnTe-substrated HgCdTe (MCT) LPE epilayers by magnetron sputtering and thermal evaporation. The diffusion behaviors of Cd & Hg components and impurities (As or In) in these CdTe/MCT structures subjected to As ion implantation and various Hg [...] Read more.

The CdTe cap layers were grown on CdZnTe-substrated HgCdTe (MCT) LPE epilayers by magnetron sputtering and thermal evaporation. The diffusion behaviors of Cd & Hg components and impurities (As or In) in these CdTe/MCT structures subjected to As ion implantation and various Hg overpressure annealing processes were investigated. The conclusions indicate that the defects at the CdTe/MCT interface could produce the accumulations of impurities and the distributions of induced damages (related to the cap layer structure) have a significant influence on the diffusion of components and impurities. By adjusting annealing procedures, the diffusions of components and impurities can be controlled. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 630 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Dynamic Thermal Contact Resistance Measurement Method Using Lock-in Thermography

by Takuya Ishizaki, Taichi Igami, Ai Ueno and Hosei Nagano

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027042 - 10 Oct 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1339

Abstract

This paper proposes a new thermal contact resistance measurement method using lock-in thermography. By the lock-in thermography with an infrared microscope, the dynamic temperature behavior across the contact interface was visualized in the sample side surface. Meanwhile, a new thermal contact resistance measurement [...] Read more.

This paper proposes a new thermal contact resistance measurement method using lock-in thermography. By the lock-in thermography with an infrared microscope, the dynamic temperature behavior across the contact interface was visualized in the sample side surface. Meanwhile, a new thermal contact resistance measurement principle was constructed by the superimposition of the temperature wave from virtual heat sources in consideration of the thermal contact resistance at the interface. Consequently, the thermal contact resistance was obtained as a fitting parameter by fitting the theoretical curve to the measured amplitude and phase lag. The validity of the principle was shown. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 1889 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

IR Spectroscopic Characterization of Plant Leaves, Endemic to Hot Regions, in Two Senescent States

by Marija Strojnik, Roberto C. Barragan and Guillermo Garcia Torales

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027043 - 10 Oct 2019

Viewed by 1148

Abstract

We propose monitoring the state of the health and senescence of the oak leaves in narrow spectral intervals around 0.9 µm, 1.8 µm and 3.45 µm. The easiest and the most cost-effective strategy would be to implement an electro-optical remote sensing system featuring [...] Read more.

We propose monitoring the state of the health and senescence of the oak leaves in narrow spectral intervals around 0.9 µm, 1.8 µm and 3.45 µm. The easiest and the most cost-effective strategy would be to implement an electro-optical remote sensing system featuring a commercial camera incorporating a traditional Si CCD detector, and a wide transmission filter, blind to the visible radiation, from about 0.82 to 0.95 µm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 953 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Simulation of Extrasolar Planet Detection with Rotationally Shearing Interferometer at 10 µm

by Marija Strojnik and Beethoven Bravo-Medina

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027044 - 10 Oct 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1176

Abstract

We simulate the interferometric fringe patterns for the case of an extrasolar planet system with two planets. We show that the incidence distributions become more complicated, yet their interpretation is feasible. The generalized fringe distributions rotate when the Dove prism is rotated. Likewise, [...] Read more.

We simulate the interferometric fringe patterns for the case of an extrasolar planet system with two planets. We show that the incidence distributions become more complicated, yet their interpretation is feasible. The generalized fringe distributions rotate when the Dove prism is rotated. Likewise, the number of fringes changes with the angle of rotation of the Dove prism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 208 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Machine Learning and Infrared Thermography for Breast Cancer Detection

by Caroline B Gonçalves, Amanda C. Q. Leles, Lucimara E. Oliveira, Gilmar Guimaraes, Juliano R. Cunha and Henrique Fernandes

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027045 - 11 Oct 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2683

Abstract

Breast cancer kills a large number of women around the world. Infrared thermography is a promising screening technique which does not involve harmful radiation for the patient and has a relatively low cost. This work proposes an approach for classifying patients into three [...] Read more.

Breast cancer kills a large number of women around the world. Infrared thermography is a promising screening technique which does not involve harmful radiation for the patient and has a relatively low cost. This work proposes an approach for classifying patients into three different classes using infrared images: healthy patients, patients with benign changes and patients with cancer (malignant changes). A set of features is extracted from each image and two approaches are used in the classification process. The first is based on Artificial Neural Networks while the second is based on Support Vector Machines. The proposed approach shows a great potential to be used as a screening diagnosis technique for early breast cancer detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

7 pages, 238 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Biomedical Applications of Infrared Thermal Imaging: Current State of Machine Learning Classification

by Ricardo Vardasca, Carolina Magalhaes and Joaquim Mendes

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027046 - 15 Oct 2019

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3199

Abstract

Infrared thermal (IRT) imaging is a modality that allows non-invasive and non-ionizing monitoring of skin surface temperature distribution, providing underlining physiological information on peripheral blood flow, autonomic nervous system, vasoconstriction/vasodilatation, inflammation, transpiration or other processes that can contribute to skin temperature. This imaging [...] Read more.

Infrared thermal (IRT) imaging is a modality that allows non-invasive and non-ionizing monitoring of skin surface temperature distribution, providing underlining physiological information on peripheral blood flow, autonomic nervous system, vasoconstriction/vasodilatation, inflammation, transpiration or other processes that can contribute to skin temperature. This imaging method has been used in biomedical applications since 1956 and has proved its usefulness for vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal pathological situations. This research aims to identify and appraise the recent biomedical applications which had used intelligent analysis methods such as machine learning processes to classify and perform decision making towards improving the existing medical care, a literature review is presented and their operation in the biomedical applications of infrared thermal imaging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

4 pages, 442 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Novel Method for LWIR Hyperspectral Target Detection by Means of a Subspace-Based Approach

by Matteo Moscadelli, Nicola Acito, Marco Diani and Giovanni Corsini

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027047 - 16 Oct 2019

Viewed by 1259

Abstract

In this work, we present a new approach to detect materials with known spectral emissivity, in data acquired by thermal infrared hyperspectral systems. The method takes into account the spectral variability of the downwelling radiance, commonly neglected in most target detection techniques. We [...] Read more.

In this work, we present a new approach to detect materials with known spectral emissivity, in data acquired by thermal infrared hyperspectral systems. The method takes into account the spectral variability of the downwelling radiance, commonly neglected in most target detection techniques. We address such variability supposing that the downwelling radiance spans a low-rank subspace, whose basis matrix is learned off-line by means of MODTRAN. We evaluate the performance of the method with simulated data, and present results that show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 1096 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Infrared Thermography for DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction Part I: Measurements ^†

by Gunther Steenackers, Jan Verstockt, Ben Cloostermans, Filip Thiessen, Bart Ribbens and Wiebren Tjalma

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027048 - 3 Dec 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1489

Abstract

In order to identify the exact location of a useful perforator for DIEP flap breast reconstruction, CT images are made in the pre-operative phase. The aim of this research is to evaluate if dynamic infrared thermography is a helpful tool to check and [...] Read more.

In order to identify the exact location of a useful perforator for DIEP flap breast reconstruction, CT images are made in the pre-operative phase. The aim of this research is to evaluate if dynamic infrared thermography is a helpful tool to check and visualize the blood flow in the flap during the pre- and peroperative phase. The results will be used in order to pinpoint the usefulness of IR thermography as an alternative method for perforator mapping and flapdesign. By means of infrared thermography the blood vessel distribution and its vascularisation of the abdominal wall will be visualized. The thermal images can help to detect the correct perforator and can help to decide which parts of the flap are best perfused and can be used for the DIEP flap reconstruction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 911 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Infrared Thermography for DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction Part II: Analysis of the Results

by Gunther Steenackers, Ben Cloostermans, Filip Thiessen, Yarince Dirkx, Jan Verstockt, Bart Ribbens and Wiebren Tjalma

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027049 - 3 Dec 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1522

Abstract

Dynamic infrared thermography (DIRT) has been used to locate perforating vessels and to assist in reconstructive breast surgery. Qualitative information on the perforating vessels is obtained by analysing the rate and pattern of rewarming of hot spots which are easily registered with an [...] Read more.

Dynamic infrared thermography (DIRT) has been used to locate perforating vessels and to assist in reconstructive breast surgery. Qualitative information on the perforating vessels is obtained by analysing the rate and pattern of rewarming of hot spots which are easily registered with an infrared camera. Thermal measurements are made before and during surgery and are compared with the CT-images available before operation. The thermal images can provide the individual influence of each perforator on the flap, as well as the dimensions of the perfused area. We will investigate if the influence of the different dominant perforators can be assessed by dynamic infrared thermography as a useful tool for recostructive DIEP-flap surgery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 1481 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Thermoelastic Stress Analysis and Dissipated Energy Evaluation Using Infrared-Optical Synchronous Measurement

by Daiki Shiozawa, Yuji Uchida, Kazuki Kobayashi, Mitsuhiro Hori, Takahide Sakagami and Shiro Kubo

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027050 - 5 Dec 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1165

Abstract

On the infrared thermography image, a false temperature change caused by the relative displacement between moving object and infrared camera is obtained. This paper shows the motion compensation system with the infrared-optical synchronous measurement. Displacement information of the specimen is calculated from the [...] Read more.

On the infrared thermography image, a false temperature change caused by the relative displacement between moving object and infrared camera is obtained. This paper shows the motion compensation system with the infrared-optical synchronous measurement. Displacement information of the specimen is calculated from the series of visible light image using the digital image correlation method (DIC). The displacement information on the visible image is reflected to the infrared image by the homography transformation. The random white pattern which can’t be detected by the infrared camera was drawn on the measured surface for DIC process. The developed motion compensation system was applied to the thermoelastic stress analysis and dissipated energy measurement. It was confirmed that a false temperature change and edge effect can be removed by using developed motion compensation system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 842 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of Strain Localization in a Beta-Titanium Alloy Gum Metal Analyzed by Infrared Camera and Digital Image Correlation for Various Strain Rates

by Elżbieta Pieczyska, Karol Golasiński, Michał Maj, Tadahiko Furuta and Shigeru Kuramoto

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027051 - 6 Dec 2019

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Abstract

Effects of thermomechanical couplings were studied in a new beta Ti alloy by IR and DIC techniques. The obtained stress-strain curves confirmed low Young’s modulus and high strength of the alloy. The determined values of yield strength increases and values of elongation till [...] Read more.

Effects of thermomechanical couplings were studied in a new beta Ti alloy by IR and DIC techniques. The obtained stress-strain curves confirmed low Young’s modulus and high strength of the alloy. The determined values of yield strength increases and values of elongation till rupture decreases with increasing strain rate. It was found, by using fast and sensitive infrared camera, that the large limit of the Gum Metal reversible nonlinear deformation originates from mechanisms of dissipative nature, probably exothermic stress-induced transition of ” nanodomains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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5 pages, 1488 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multi-planar Full-Field Blur Correction Algorithm for Infrared Microscopy

by Anselmo Jara, Sergio Torres, Gillermo Machuca, Pablo Gutierrez and Laura Viafora

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027052 - 11 Dec 2019

Viewed by 1088

Abstract

The present work proposes a method for the 3-D full-field focusing for microscopic infrared (IR) imagery. It is based on the partial analysis of Point Spread Function (PSF) for a confined volumetric universe of vision in a microscopic IR system. The ability of [...] Read more.

The present work proposes a method for the 3-D full-field focusing for microscopic infrared (IR) imagery. It is based on the partial analysis of Point Spread Function (PSF) for a confined volumetric universe of vision in a microscopic IR system. The ability of the algorithm to compensate for localized blur is demonstrated using two different real MWIR microscopic video sequences, which were captured from two microscopic living organisms using a Janos-Sofradir MWIR microscopy setup. The performance of the proposed algorithm is assessed on real and simulated infrared data by computing the root mean-square error and the roughness-laplacian pattern, which was specifically developed for the present work. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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4 pages, 462 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Infrared Digital Focal Plane Arrays for Earth Remote Sensing Instruments

by Sarath Gunapala, Sir Rafol, David Ting, Alexander Soibel, Arezou Khoshakhlagh, Sam Keo, Brian Pepper, Anita Fisher, Cory Hill, Edward Luong, Kwong-Kit Choi, Arvind D'Souza, Christopher Masterjohn, Sachidananda Babu and Parminder Ghuman

Proceedings 2019, 27(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027054 - 24 Dec 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1546

Abstract

In this presentation, we will discuss the advantages of using an in-pixel digital read out integrated circuit and type-II strained layer superlattice detector array technology to elevate the operating temperature of the focal plane array for Earth remote sensing instruments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 15th International Workshop on Advanced Infrared Technology and Applications)

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