An Inﬁnite System of Fractional Order with p -Laplacian Operator in a Tempered Sequence Space via Measure of Noncompactness Technique

: In the current study, a new class of an inﬁnite system of two distinct fractional orders with p -Laplacian operator is presented. Our mathematical model is introduced with the Caputo– Katugampola fractional derivative which is considered a generalization to the Caputo and Hadamard fractional derivatives. In a new sequence space associated with a tempered sequence and the sequence space c 0 (the space of convergent sequences to zero), a suitable new Hausdorff measure of noncompactness form is provided. This formula is applied to discuss the existence of a solution to our inﬁnite system through applying Darbo’s theorem which extends both the classical Banach contraction principle and the Schauder ﬁxed point theorem.


Introduction
Differential and integral equations take place in the research work of p-Laplacian equation with n-dimensional space, a gas turbulent flow in porous media and non-newtonian fluid (see [1][2][3] and references cited therein). Infinite systems of fractional differential equations play a considerable role in several nonlinear analysis branches. These systems demonstrate some examples that cover the theorems for neural nets, dissociation of polymers and branching process. Therefore, the study of infinite systems drew the attention of a number of contributors (see [4][5][6][7][8] and references given therein).
It is well known that the concept of diffusion is associated with random motion of particles in space, usually denoted as Brownian motion [9]. Random fractional differential equations are useful mathematical tools to model problems involving memory effects and uncertainties. Since integer order differential equations cannot precisely describe the experimental and field measurement data, as an alternative approach, fractional order differential equation models are now being widely applied [10]. Mainradi and Pironi [9] have revisited the Brownian motion on the basis of the fractional Langevin equation. The two fluctuation-dissipation theorems and of the techniques of the Fractional Calculus have provided the analytical expressions of the correlation functions. The random force has been shown to be represented by a superposition of the usual white noise with a fractional noise. The fractional Langevin differential equation has been under consideration by several contributions [11][12][13][14]. Various types of this equation have been proposed and investigated using different approaches, see [15] and the references cited therein. Zhou et al. [15] considered the fractional Langevin differential equation subject to p-Laplacian operator in the Caputo sense of the form In spite of the great significance of fractional Langevin equation with λ = 0 (the dissipative parameter), infinite systems and p-Laplacian operator in differential equations theory, there is no contributor, as far as we know, that has touched on bringing them together. This is what stimulated us in this paper to present the following system Katugampola [16] and the space c β 0 is the tempered space with the tempering sequence β = (β n ). This system subjects to the assumptions The value of the Caputo-Katugampola fractional derivative is found in the verity that it is a generalization of Hadamard and Caputo fractional approaches. It has drawn the attention of many authors who have construct their mathematical models based on it. For more details and properties, see [17]. Zeng et al. [18] provided a numerical method for solving generalized fractional differential equation of the Caputo-Katugampola derivative. Almeida et al. [17] proved an existence and uniqueness solution for a fractional Cauchytype problem and then presented a simple numerical procedure to obtain a decomposition formula for the Caputo-Katugampola derivative. For more contributions, see [19,20] and references given therein.
Unquestionably, the fractional differential equation is a powerful mathematical case for presenting extra flexibility in treatment with numerous real-world implementations. More speciality, the fractional differential equations are extensively used in modeling different phenomena such as diffusion modeling [21], robot manipulators [22], economics [23], and many more. In view of its distinguished interest, several contributors have paid their attentions to deeply discuss the boundary value problems presented based on such equations (see [24][25][26]).
The measures of noncompactness theory make up an extremely remarkable branch of the nonlinear functional analysis. It permits us to choose an extremely important class of operators as generalizations of compact operators. Those operators satisfy the Darbo contractions with respect to a measure of noncompactness. The measures of noncompactness are widely used in fixed point theory. Darbo fixed point theorem is a good way to investigate the existence and uniqueness of solution to differential and integral equations via applying measures of noncompactness techniques [27,28].
The main goal of this article can be outlined as follows. In a tempered sequence space associated with the classical sequence space c 0 , a suitable Hausdorff measure on noncompactness is presented and used to investigate the infinite system (1) and (2) by aiding of Darbo fixed point theorem which extends both the classical Banach contraction principle and the Schauder fixed point theorem [29].

Preliminaries
This section is separated into two subsections. The first subsection inserts the main results and basic concepts needed in fractional calculus. The other subsection provides a short survey for the measure of noncompactness.

Fractional Calculus
Katugampola [30] defined a approach of fractional integral as where 0 < ρ ≤ 1 and µ > 0, provided that the integral exists. He has shown that it satisfies the semigroup property It is clear that Jarad et al. [31] evolved a Katugampola fractional derivative in the Caputo sense [32] It is remarkable to note that the approach above leads to a Caputo-Hadamard derivative when ρ → 0 and Caputo derivative when ρ → 1. Some of its properties are provided as [31] a r t ρr , a r , r = 0, 1, · · · , n − 1, are constants.

Lemma 3.
Suppose that the function f : [0, 1] → R is a continuous function, ρ ∈ (0, 1], µ ∈ (0, 1] and ν ∈ (1, 2]. Then, the boundary value problem subject to the assumptions has the unique solution Proof. Operate by ρ I µ on both sides of (7) with using the last statement of Lemma 1 to obtain Taking the p-Laplacian inverse and the second condition in (8) produces Again, operating by ρ I ν on all sides of the former equation and inserting the last item of Lemma 1 obtains Inserting the first and last conditions produces a 1 = a 2 = 0. By the definition (3), one can obtain (3). Conversely, by substituting (9) into the left side in (7) and applying Lemma 1, we can obtain the right side of Equation (9). It is easy to view that the solution (9) verifies all assumptions of (8).

Hausdorff Measure of Noncompactness and Tempered Sequence Space
Let c 0 be the sequence space of all sequences u = (u n ) converging to zero and β = (β n ) be a positive non-increasing real sequence. Such a sequence is called the tempering sequence. Banas and Krajewska [35] have presented the tempered sequence space c β 0 = {u ∈ c 0 |β n u n → 0 as n → ∞} and proved that the space c β 0 is a Banach space equipped the norm It is worth pointing that if the tempering sequence β is a constant sequence or it is bounded from below, then the norm in the tempered sequence space c β 0 is equivalent to the classical supremum norm in c 0 . They have proved that the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness can be given by the formula where B is subset of a nonempty bounded set of the Banach space c For extra details of Hausdorff measure of noncompactness, see [29,36].
Theorem 1 (Darbo Theorem [29]). Suppose B is a closed, bounded, convex and nonempty subset of a Banach space X. Let F : B → B be a continuous map and there exists a positive constant k ∈ [0, 1) satisfies the property χ(FB) ≤ kχ(B). Then, F has a fixed point in B.

Basic Constructions and Main Results
Consider C([0, 1], c β 0 ) is the space contains continuous sequence functions defined on the interval [0, 1] and belong to the space c β 0 : That is u(t) ∈ C([0, 1], c β 0 ) leads to β n u n (t) → 0 as n → ∞ and u n : [0, 1] → R is continuous function for all n ∈ N where β = (β n ) is a positive non-increasing sequence with β ∞ = 0. Consider the space where 0 < α < ν and 1 < ν ≤ 2. It is easy to see that the space X is Banach space under the norm Based on to the Formula (10) and Theorem 1.3 in [6], we can derive the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness in the form where B is subset of a nonempty bounded set of the Banach space X. It is clear that the unique solution of the infinite system (1) and (2) comes immediately by replacing u, µ, ν, α, ρ and f by u n , µ n , ν n , α n , ρ n and f n , respectively, in Lemma 3. Our discussion of the existence results for the infinite system (1) and (2) will be investigated under the following assumptions: (H 2 ) There exist nonnegative sequence functions, g n (t) and h n (t), that satisfy the inequality There are positive constants A and C such that For the convenance of computations, let . (13) Theorem 2. Under the suppositions above, the infinite system (1) and (2) has at least one solution in X for all p > 1 provided that ∆ < 1 where and H(·) is the Heaviside step function.
Proof. Define the operator F p : X → X such that (F p u n )(t) = ρ n I ν n Φ q ρ n I µ n f n (t, u(t), ρ c D α u(t)) .
By the continuity of f n , n ∈ N according to (H 1 ), the operator F p is continuous for all p > 1. Furthermore, it is not difficult with using Lemmas 1 and 2 to show In view of (H 2 ) and (H 3 ) with using the the relation (5) and the facts Φ q (xy) = Φ q (x)Φ q (y) and Φ q (x) = x q−1 , x > 0, we find that From the third statement of Lemma 2, we have Hence, we obtain where ∆ ν is defined in (13). From the 4 th statement of Lemma 1, we have These conclude that which leads to the boundedness of the operator F p u for all p > 1. Now, we present the set B ⊂ X such that The subspace B is bounded, closed and convex, with fix radius r satisfies It is obvious that the operator F p : B → B is bounded. In order to prove the continuity of F p on the set B, let u, v ∈ B and for all > 0 there exists When 1 < q ≤ 2, using the 4 th statement in Lemma 2 and (H 1 ) obtains which mean that F p u − F p v ≤ and so the operator F p is continuous on the set B when 1 < q ≤ 2. Similarly, when q > 2, we find that It is easy to see that Hence, for q > 2 and 1 < p < 2, we have which mean that F p u − F p v ≤ and so the operator F p is continuous on the set B when q > 2. To prove that the operator F p u(t) is continuous uniformly on the interval [0, 1], let 0 ≤ t 1 < t 2 ≤ 1. Then, we can obtain that |F p u(t 2 ) − F p u(t 1 )| = ρ 1−ν n n Γ(ν n + 1) Ωρ 1−ν n n Γ(ν n + 1) where Ω = Φ(| f n |), which tends to zero uniformly as t 1 → t 2 . Similarly, we have |h n (t)| q−1 = π 2 12(2π − 1) 2 1 2 = π √ 12(2π − 1) 0.171658.

Conclusions
In the present study, we investigated an infinite system of fractional order with p-Laplacian operator. We used the Caputo-Katugampola derivative in our model, which related to several well-known fractional derivatives. The existence of solution to our infinite system is discussed by using the Darbo's fixed point theorem through applying the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness technique. A new sequence space related to c 0 space is presented to be our domain. An illustrated numerical example is provided to show that the applicability of our idea in practice.