Improving the Functional Activities of Curcumin Using Milk Proteins as Nanocarriers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Experimental Procedures and Methods of Analysis
2.2.1. Preparation and Characterization of Milk Protein–Chitosan Nanocomposite
2.2.2. Preparation of Curcumin-Loaded Milk Proteins
2.3. Characterizations of Nanoparticles
2.3.1. Particle Size and Zeta Potential Measurements
2.3.2. Physicochemical Characterization
2.4. Determination of the Entrapment Efficiency (EE %) and in vitro Release %
2.5. Antioxidant Activity
2.6. Anticancer Activity
2.7. Antimicrobial Activity
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterizations of Nanoparticles
3.1.1. Particle Size
3.1.2. Zeta Potential
3.1.3. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
3.1.4. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
3.2. Entrapment (Encapsulation) Efficiency (EE %)
3.3. The In Vitro Behavior Release of Curcumin (%)
3.4. Antioxidant Activity (%)
3.5. Anticancer Activity
3.6. Antimicrobial Activity
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatments | Particle Size (nm) | Zeta Potential | EE% | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cs/SCNPs | 328.67 b ± 47.55 | −12.73 cd ± 0.87 | - | 5.00 |
Cs/α-LaNPs | 334.90 b ± 5.84 | −12.70 cd ± 0.44 | - | 5.21 |
Cs/β-lgNPs | 310.53 bc ±13.17 | −11.13 c ± 0.64 | - | 5.00 |
Cs/WPI NPs | 275.33 c ± 30.89 | 17.30 b ± 1.90 | - | 4.30 |
Cs/WPC NPs | 318.17 bc ± 33.98 | −14.03 d ± 1.21 | - | 5.30 |
Cur-Cs/SCNPs | 278.10 c ± 16.89 | −12.63 cd ± 2.11 | 72.27 e ± 0.13 | 5.20 |
Cur-Cs/α-La NPs | 290.83 bc ± 47.17 | −19.50 e ± 0.17 | 74.67 c ± 0.06 | 5.31 |
Cur-Cs/β-lg NPs | 274.80 c ± 8.84 | −14.83 d ± 2.58 | 73.97 d ± 0.12 | 5.30 |
Cur-Cs/WPI NPs | 462.80 a ± 6.15 | −13.57 d ± 3.23 | 76.30 b ± 0.10 | 5.42 |
Cur-Cs/WPC NPs | 439.90 a ± 2.95 | 27.73 a ± 0.81 | 77.27 a ± 0.06 | 4.20 |
Treatments | Concentration (mg/mL) | Mean | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2.5 | 5 | 10 | ||
Chitosan | 46.12 ± 2.9 | 54.08 ± 3.9 | 60.32 ± 6.7 | 53.51 ± 4.5 |
Curcumin | 41.60 ± 3.5 | 54.02 ± 4.0 | 62.13 ± 2.9 | 52.58 ± 3.5 |
SC | 39.18 ± 3.0 | 42.75 ± 3.3 | 52.28 ± 3.7 | 44.74 ± 3.3 |
CS/SCNPs | 39.97 ± 2.7 | 50.48 ± 2.7 | 66.90 ± 3.5 | 52.45 ± 3.0 |
Cur-Cs/SCNPs | 49.17 ± 4.4 | 60.61 ± 4.4 | 67.54 ± 3.5 | 59.11 ± 4.1 |
α-La | 36.15 ± 1.7 | 48.38 ± 3.6 | 56.55 ± 2.1 | 47.03 ± 2.5 |
CS/α-LaNPs | 47.06 ± 2.8 | 56.90 ± 2.5 | 62.51 ± 3.0 | 55.49 ± 2.7 |
Cur-CS/α-La NPs | 53.82 ± 2.0 | 59.35 ± 2.9 | 66.44 ± 1.9 | 59.87 ± 2.3 |
β-lg | 43.70 ± 2.9 | 53.51 ± 2.0 | 60.49 ± 2.8 | 52.57 ± 2.6 |
CS/βlgNPs | 46.86 ± 3.1 | 54.14 ± 3.3 | 65.90 ± 1.2 | 55.63 ± 2.5 |
Cur-Cs/βlg NPs | 48.08 ± 2.8 | 61.62 ± 2.9 | 69.05 ± 3.5 | 59.58 ± 3.1 |
WPI | 43.26 ± 3.1 | 50.52 ± 6.8 | 60.92 ± 1.9 | 51.57 ± 3.9 |
Cs/WPI NPs | 51.10 ± 3.8 | 55.10 ± 2.4 | 66.49 ± 2.5 | 57.56 ± 2.9 |
Cur-Cs/WPINPs | 50.11 ± 3.3 | 55.08 ± 1.6 | 68.57 ± 2.5 | 57.92 ± 2.5 |
WPC | 36.30 ± 2.0 | 52.44 ± 2.4 | 61.03 ± 4.8 | 49.92 ± 3.1 |
Cs/WPC NPs | 47.03 ± 3.9 | 57.26 ± 2.9 | 65.40 ± 2.7 | 56.56 ± 3.2 |
Cur-Cs/WPCNPs | 49.03 ± 4.2 | 56.20 ± 3.1 | 63.30 ± 2.6 | 56.18 ± 3.3 |
Mean | 45.21 ± 3.1 | 54.26 ± 3.2 | 63.28 ± 3.0 |
Treatments | Anticancer Activity %/Concentrations (mg/mL) | Mean | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2.5 | 5 | 10 | ||
Chitosan | 34.97 ± 1.03 | 73.35 ± 2.25 | 91.79 ± 1.96 | 66.70 ± 1.75 |
Curcumin | 54.06 ± 1.94 | 81.08 ± 2.32 | 95.07 ± 2.93 | 76.74 ± 2.40 |
SC | 33.71 ± 1.29 | 71.33 ± 2.12 | 93.05 ± 2.95 | 66.03 ± 2.12 |
CS/SCNPs | 40.4±3.35 | 82.95±3.35 | 95.29±1.71 | 72.88±2.80 |
Cur-Cs/SCNPs | 46.49±2.64 | 86.36±2.64 | 97.31±2.04 | 76.72±2.44 |
α-La | 36.75±1.75 | 70.70±2.40 | 92.04±1.36 | 66.50±1.84 |
CS/α-LaNPs | 38.23±1.77 | 76.67 ± 1.43 | 94.11 ± 1.89 | 69.67 ± 1.70 |
Cur-Cs/α-La NPs | 45.9 ± 1.40 | 81.79 ± 1.19 | 96.80 ± 3.30 | 74.83 ± 1.96 |
βlg | 17.55 ± 2.55 | 48.36 ± 4.64 | 83.58 ± 2.42 | 49.83 ± 3.20 |
CS/βlgNPs | 40.88 ± 2.12 | 70.84 ± 2.56 | 92.55 ± 2.45 | 68.09 ± 2.38 |
Cur-Cs/βlg NPs | 43.27 ± 1.73 | 85.54 ± 1.37 | 95.80 ± 2.20 | 74.87 ± 1.77 |
WPI | 18.59 ± 1.41 | 53.91 ± 1.19 | 76.64 ± 1.66 | 49.71 ± 1.42 |
CS/WPINPs | 43.03 ± 1.53 | 81.69 ± 1.91 | 93.81 ± 1.19 | 72.84 ± 1.54 |
Cur-Cs/WPINPs | 49.9 ± 1.10 | 82.20 ± 2.79 | 96.31 ± 2.81 | 76.14 ± 2.23 |
WPC | 30.63 ± 2.37 | 81.29 ± 3.71 | 93.68 ± 2.18 | 68.53 ± 2.75 |
Cs/WPC NPs | 42.74 ± 2.26 | 82.53 ± 1.07 | 95.27 ± 3.23 | 73.51 ± 2.19 |
Cur-Cs/WPCNPs | 48.68 ± 4.32 | 80.36 ± 3.06 | 98.07 ± 3.07 | 75.70 ± 3.48 |
Mean | 39.16 ± 2.03 | 75.94 ± 2.35 | 93.01 ± 2.31 |
Treatments | Anticancer Activity (%)/Concentrations (mg/mL) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
2.5 | 5 | 10 | Mean | |
Chitosan | 33.22 ± 1.7 | 67.21 ± 1.6 | 92.21 ± 2.8 | 64.21 ± 2.0 |
Curcumin | 33.4 ± 1.7 | 73.27 ± 2.0 | 93.52 ± 2.0 | 66.73 ± 1.9 |
SC | 25.25 ± 2.1 | 71.27 ± 2.6 | 92.93 ± 2.1 | 63.15 ± 2.3 |
CS/SCNPs | 35.86 ± 3.9 | 75.91 ± 3.9 | 93.33 ± 1.8 | 68.37 ± 3.7 |
Cur-Cs/SCNPs | 50.84 ± 2.9 | 78.15 ± 2.9 | 96.88 ± 5.5 | 75.29 ± 3.7 |
α-La | 30.27 ± 2.8 | 71.27 ± 2.0 | 93.25 ± 1.8 | 64.93 ± 2.2 |
CS/α-La NPs | 41.61 ± 3.1 | 75.13 ± 4.1 | 94.78 ± 3.7 | 70.51 ± 3.6 |
Cur-Cs/α-La NPs | 51.26 ± 2.3 | 77.18 ± 2.2 | 98.31 ± 1.8 | 75.58 ± 2.1 |
βlg | 19.24 ± 1.8 | 50.98 ± 3.1 | 85.37 ± 4.2 | 51.86 ± 3.0 |
CS/βlgNPs | 44.08 ± 2.9 | 61.58 ± 2.5 | 91.93 ± 2.1 | 65.86 ± 2.5 |
Cur-Cs/βlg NPs | 53.63 ± 2.6 | 74.61 ± 3.4 | 98.47 ± 3.5 | 75.57 ± 3.5 |
WPI | 16.63 ± 2.5 | 48.80 ± 4.1 | 83.17 ± 2.8 | 49.53 ± 3.1 |
CS/WPINPs | 41.65 ± 2.4 | 74.78 ± 3.8 | 94.2 ± 1.3 | 70.21 ± 2.5 |
Cur-Cs/WPINPs | 52.43 ± 2.8 | 77.87 ± 5.9 | 98.48 ± 5.5 | 76.26 ± 4.7 |
WPC | 17.87 ± 2.1 | 62.24 ± 2.6 | 76.30 ± 3.0 | 52.14 ± 2.6 |
Cs/WPC NPs | 33.26 ± 2.2 | 74.79 ± 3.3 | 93.86 ± 2.3 | 67.30 ± 2.6 |
Cur-Cs/WPCNPs | 50.03 ± 1.5 | 75.96 ± 2.9 | 98.06 ± 2.5 | 74.68 ± 2.3 |
Mean | 37.09 ± 2.4 | 70.06 ± 3.2 | 89.12 ± 2.9 |
Treatments | Inhibition Zone (mm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
E. Coli | Staph. aureus | B. subtilis | P. aeruginoas | C. albicans | |
Chitosan | 15 g ± 4 | 19 bcd ± 2 | 21 fg ± 3 | 14 f ± 4 | 12 e ± 2 |
Curcumin | 16 fg ± 3 | 20 bc ± 3 | 23 ef ± 2 | 16 ef ± 3 | 21 bc ± 3 |
SC | 19 efg ± 2 | 25 a ± 2 | 26 cde ± 4 | 15 f ± 3 | 14 e ± 2 |
CS/SCNPs | 22 cde ± 3 | 17 cde ± 3 | 28 bcd ± 3 | 20 cde ± 3 | 20 cd ± 4 |
Cur-Cs/SCNPs | 27 ab ± 3 | 21 b ± 4 | 31 ab ± 4 | 25 ab ± 4 | 28 a ± 3 |
α-La | 0 h ± 0 | 0 f ± 0 | 0 h ± 0 | 0 g ± 0 | 20 cd ± 3 |
CS/α-LaNPs | 20 def ± 3 | 15 e ± 4 | 25 def ± 3 | 25 ab ± 2 | 22 bc ± 3 |
Cur-Cs/α-La NPs | 24 bcd ± 3 | 20 bc ± 3 | 30 abc ± 3 | 28 a ± 3 | 25 ab ± 2 |
Βlg | 0 h ± 0 | 0 f ± 0 | 0 h ± 0 | 0 g ± 0 | 0 f ± 0 |
CS/βlgNPs | 25 bc ± 2 | 19 bcd ± 2 | 30 abc ± 3 | 24 abc ± 3 | 16 de ± 3 |
Cur-CS/βlgNPs | 30 a ± 3 | 22 ab ± 3 | 33 a ± 2 | 26 ab ± 3 | 21 bc ± 3 |
WPI | 0 h ± 0 | 0 f ± 0 | 0 h ± 0 | 0 g ± 0 | 0 f ± 0 |
Cs/WPI NPs | 20 def ± 3 | 14 e ± 3 | 28 bcd ± 3 | 15 f ± 2 | 16 de ± 3 |
Cur-Cs/WPI NPs | 28 ab ± 3 | 20 bc ± 3 | 32 ab ± 3 | 22 bcd ± 3 | 21 bc ± 3 |
WPC | 0 h ± 0 | 0 f ± 0 | 16 g ± 1 | 0 g ± 0 | 0 f ± 0 |
Cs/WPC NPs | 24 b-d ± 3 | 16 de ± 3 | 22 ef ± 3 | 18 def ± 3 | 15 e ± 3 |
Cur-Cs/WPC NPs | 31 a ± 4 | 22 ab ± 3 | 28 bcd ± 3 | ‘20 cde ± 3 | 23 bc ± 2 |
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Taha, S.; El-Sherbiny, I.; Enomoto, T.; Salem, A.; Nagai, E.; Askar, A.; Abady, G.; Abdel-Hamid, M. Improving the Functional Activities of Curcumin Using Milk Proteins as Nanocarriers. Foods 2020, 9, 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9080986
Taha S, El-Sherbiny I, Enomoto T, Salem A, Nagai E, Askar A, Abady G, Abdel-Hamid M. Improving the Functional Activities of Curcumin Using Milk Proteins as Nanocarriers. Foods. 2020; 9(8):986. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9080986
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaha, Soad, Ibrahim El-Sherbiny, Toshiki Enomoto, Aida Salem, Emiko Nagai, Ahmed Askar, Ghada Abady, and Mahmoud Abdel-Hamid. 2020. "Improving the Functional Activities of Curcumin Using Milk Proteins as Nanocarriers" Foods 9, no. 8: 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9080986