Evaluation of High Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis for Meat Species Identification of Raw and Cooked Meat
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparations
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Molecular Assessment
2.3.1. DNA Extraction
2.3.2. Real-Time PCR Assay
2.3.3. HRM and Melt Curve Analysis
2.3.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Qualitative Verification of Species-Specific Cytochrome b Fragments
3.2. Amplification of Species-Specific Cytochrome b Fragments by Real-Time PCR Assay with HRM Analysis
3.3. Identification of Meat Species in the Mixed Samples
3.4. Quantitative Species-Specific Assessment of Raw and Cooked Minced Meat Samples
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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One Species | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Species/meat | Raw | Cooked | ||
Cattle/beef | A1: 10% | B1: 20% | A1+: 10% | B1+: 20% |
Sheep/mutton | A2: 10% | B2: 20% | A2+: 10% | B2+: 20% |
Chicken/Chicken | A3: 10% | B3: 20% | A3+: 10% | B3+: 20% |
Turkey/Turkey | A4: 10% | B4: 20% | A4+: 10% | B4+: 20% |
Pig/pork | A5: 10% | B5: 20% | A5+: 10% | B5+: 20% |
The Mixed Meat Groups | Percentage | Raw | Cooked |
---|---|---|---|
Beef + Mutton | 10% | C1 | C1+ |
Beef + Chicken | 10% | C2 | C2+ |
Beef + Turkey | 10% | C3 | C3+ |
Beef + Mutton | 20% | C4 | C4+ |
Beef + Chicken | 20% | C5 | C5+ |
Beef + Turkey | 20% | C6 | C6+ |
Mutton + Chicken | 10% | D1 | D1+ |
Mutton + Turkey | 10% | D2 | D2+ |
Mutton + Chicken | 20% | D3 | D3+ |
Mutton + Turkey | 20% | D4 | D4+ |
Chicken + Turkey | 10% | E1 | E1+ |
Chicken + Turkey | 20% | E2 | E2+ |
Pig + Chicken | 10% | G1 | G1+ |
Pig + Turkey | 10% | G2 | G2+ |
Pig + Beef | 10% | G3 | G3+ |
Pig + Mutton | 10% | G4 | G4+ |
Pig + Chicken | 20% | G5 | G5+ |
Pig + Turkey | 20% | G6 | G6+ |
Pig + Beef | 20% | G7 | G7+ |
Pig + Mutton | 20% | G8 | G8+ |
Samples | Primers | Sequences | Amplicon Tm (°C) | Amplicon Size (bp) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Common forward primer | 5’-CCTCCCAGCTCCATCAAACATCTCATCTTGATGAAA-3’ | |||
Beef (Bovine DNA) | Reverse primer | 5’-CTAGAAAAGTGTAAGACCCGTAATATAAG-3’ | 84.7 | 274 |
Mutton (Sheep DNA) | Reverse primer | 5’-CTATGAATGCTGTGGCTATTGTCGCA-3’ | 82.8 | 331 |
Chicken (Chicken DNA) | Reverse primer | 5’-AAGATACAGATGAAGAAGAATGAGGCG-3’ | 87.8 | 227 |
Turkey (Turkey DNA) | Reverse primer | 5’-AAGATACAGATGAAGAAGAATGAGGCG-3’ | 85.7 | 227 |
Pork (porcine DNA) | Reverse primer | 5’-GCTGATAGTAGATTTGTGATGACCGTA-3’ | 83.8 | 398 |
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Gholamnezhad, P.; Ahari, H.; Nikbakht Brujeni, G.; Anvar, S.A.A.; Motallebi, A. Evaluation of High Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis for Meat Species Identification of Raw and Cooked Meat. Separations 2021, 8, 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8080116
Gholamnezhad P, Ahari H, Nikbakht Brujeni G, Anvar SAA, Motallebi A. Evaluation of High Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis for Meat Species Identification of Raw and Cooked Meat. Separations. 2021; 8(8):116. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8080116
Chicago/Turabian StyleGholamnezhad, Peyman, Hamed Ahari, Gholamreza Nikbakht Brujeni, Seyed Amir Ali Anvar, and Abbasali Motallebi. 2021. "Evaluation of High Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis for Meat Species Identification of Raw and Cooked Meat" Separations 8, no. 8: 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8080116