Compactness of Commutators for Riesz Potential on Generalized Morrey Spaces

: In this paper, we give the sufficient conditions for the compactness of sets in generalized Morrey spaces M w ( · ) p . This result is an analogue of the well-known Fréchet–Kolmogorov theorem on the compactness of a set in Lebesgue spaces L p , p > 0. As an application, we prove the compactness of the commutator of the Riesz potential [ b , I α ] in generalized Morrey spaces, where b ∈ VMO ( VMO ( R n ) denote the BMO -closure of C ∞ 0 ( R n ) ). We prove auxiliary statements regarding the connection between the norm of average functions and the norm of the difference of functions in the generalized Morrey spaces. Such results are also of independent interest.


Introduction
Morrey spaces M λ p , named after C. Morrey, were introduced by him in 1938 in [1] and defined as follows: For 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞, n ≥ 1, 0 < λ < n, f ∈ M λ p if f ∈ L loc p and where B(x, r) is a ball with center at the point x and of radius r > 0.
For λ = 0 and λ = n, the Morrey spaces M 0 p (R n ) and M n p (R n ) coincide (with equality of norms) with the spaces L p (R n ) and L ∞ (R n ), respectively.
Let 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞ and let w be a measurable non-negative function on (0, ∞) that is not equivalent to zero.The generalized Morrey space M The space M w(•) p coincides with the Morrey space M λ p if w(r) = r −λ , where 0 ≤ λ ≤ n p .
The space M w(•) p is non-trivial if and only if w ∈ Ω p∞ [11,12].The Riesz potential I α of order α(0 < α < n) is defined by For the function b ∈ L loc (R n ), let M b denote the multiplication operator M b f = b f , where f is a measurable function.Then, the commutator for the Riesz potential I α and the operator M b is defined by where By V MO(R n ), we denote the BMO-closure of the space The boundedness of the Riesz potential on the Morrey spaces was investigated by S. Spanne, J. Peetre [13] and D. Adams.[14].T. Mizuhara [8], E. Nakai [9] and V.S. Guliyev [10] generalized the results of D. Adams and obtained sufficient conditions for the boundedness of I α on the generalized Morrey spaces.Boundedness of the commutator for the Riesz potential on the Morrey spaces and on the generalized Morrey spaces was considered in [15,16], respectively.The compactness of the commutator for the Riesz potential on the Morrey spaces and on the Morrey spaces with non-doubling measures was considered in [17,18], respectively.The pre-compactness of sets on the Morrey spaces and on variable exponent Morrey spaces was considered in [17,19,20].The compactness of the commutator for the Riesz potential [b, I α ] on the Morrey-type spaces was also considered in [21,22].
The boundedness and compactness of integral operators and their commutators on various function spaces play an important role in harmonic analysis, in potential theory and PDE [23,24] and in some important physical properties and physical structures [25,26].Moreover, the interest in the compactness of operator [b, T], where T is the classical Calderón-Zygmund singular integral operator, in complex analysis is from the connection between the commutators and the Hankel-type operators.The compactness of [b, T] attracted attention among researchers in PDEs.For example, with the aid of the compactness of [b, T], one easily derives a Fredholm alternative for equations with V MO coefficients in all L p spaces for 1 < p < ∞ (see [27]).Hence, it is possible that the compactness of [b, I α ] on generalized Morrey spaces will be applied to discuss some local problems of PDEs with VMO coefficients (see also [28]).
The main goal of this paper is to find the conditions for the pre-compactness of sets on generalized Morrey spaces and to find sufficient conditions for the compactness of the commutator of the Riesz potential [b, I α ] on the generalized Morrey spaces M w(•) p (R n ), namely, to find conditions for parameters p, q, α and functions w 1 and w 2 ensuring the compactness of operators [b, This paper is organized as follows: In Section 2, we present results on the precompactness of a set in generalized Morrey spaces.To do this, we will establish some auxiliary lemmas.In Section 3, we give sufficient conditions for the compactness of the commutator for the Riesz potential [b, I α ] on the generalized Morrey space M w(•) p (R n ).We will also recall some theorems and establish some auxiliary lemmas.Finally, we draw conclusions in Section 4.
We make some conventions on notation.Throughout this paper, we always use C to denote a positive constant that is independent of the main parameters involved but whose value may differ from line to line.Constants with subscripts, such as C p , are dependent on the subscript p.We denote f ≲ g if f ≤ Cg.By C(R), we denote the set of all continuous bounded functions on R with the uniform norm, by χ A we denote the characteristic function of the set A ⊂ R n and by c A we denote the complement of A.

On the Pre-Compactness of a Set in Generalized Morrey Spaces
In this section, we give sufficient conditions for the pre-compactness of sets in generalized Morrey spaces.
Theorem 1.Let 1 ≤ p < ∞ and w ∈ Ω p∞ .Suppose that the set S ⊂ M w(•) p satisfies the following conditions: Then S is a pre-compact set in M w(•) p .
For the Morrey space M λ p , an analogue of Theorem 1 was proved in [17,19].If λ = 0, it coincides with the well-known Fréchet-Kolmogorov theorem (see [29]).Theorem 1 is formulated in terms of the difference of a function (see condition (2)).The conditions for the pre-compactness of sets in the global and local Morrey-type spaces were given in terms of the average functions in [30][31][32].Here, | A | is the Lebesgue measure of the set A ⊂ R n .
To prove Theorem 1, we will need the following auxiliary statements.
Proof.Let z ∈ R n and ρ > 0. Using the Hölder inequality, we have Next, using the change of variables y = x + u and the Fubini theorem, we obtain Proof.Using the change of variables y = x + u, the Hölder inequality and the Fubini theorem, we obtain Then, there exists r 0 > 0 and for any 0 < r ≤ r 0 there is C 1 > 0, depending only on r, n, p, w, such that (1) (2) for any δ > 0 sup u∈B(0,δ) Proof.
(1) Since the function w ∈ Ω p∞ is not equivalent to 0, then there exists r 0 > 0 such that sup r 0 <ρ<∞ w(ρ) > 0. Let 0 < r ≤ r 0 .Using the Hölder inequality, for any x ∈ R n , we have Hence, where v n is the volume of the unit ball in R n , and Therefore, for any where (2) For any x 1 , x 2 ∈ B(0, r), by Hölder's inequality, we have Therefore, similar to the first part of the proof, we obtain Hence, sup Then, there exists C 2 > 0, depending only on n, p, w, such that for any r, R > 0 and for any f First, we will estimate I 1 .By using for any ρ > 0, R > 0, we have w(ρ)∥M r f − M r g∥ L p (B(x,ρ)∩B(0,R)) w(ρ)∥M r f − M r g∥ L p (B(x,ρ)∩B(0,R)) Therefore, where since, by w ∈ Ω p∞ .
For estimate I 2 , using Lemma 1, we have From estimates of I 1 and I 2 , we obtain the inequality of Lemma 4. Lemma 4 is proved.
Then, for any r, R > 0 and for any f where C 2 > 0 is the same as in Lemma 4.

Proof.
It is sufficient to note that Step 1. First, we show that the set S r = {M r f : f ∈ S} is a strongly pre-compact set in C(B(0, R)) .
Let 0 < r < r 0 , where r 0 is defined in Lemma 3 and R > 0 is fixed.Due to inequality (6) and condition (1), it follows that sup In addition, due to inequality (7) and condition (2), it follows that sup u∈B(0,δ) Therefore, by using condition (2), we have As such, we obtained that the set S r is uniformly bounded and equicontinuous in C(B(0, R)).

Compactness of the Commutator for the Riesz Potential on Generalized Morrey Spaces
The main goal of this section is to find sufficient conditions for the compactness of the commutator [b, . The Riesz potential I α of order α(0 < α < n) is defined by The boundedness of I α on Morrey spaces was investigated in [13,14].
The following theorems give sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the Riesz potential and its commutator in generalized Morrey spaces.
Let F be an arbitrary bounded set in M w 1 (•) p . Due to the density, it is sufficient to prove the statement of the theorem under the condition b ∈ C ∞ 0 (R n ); i.e., under this condition, the set This implies condition (1) of Theorem 1.Now let us prove that condition (3) of Theorem 1 holds for [b, I α ].On the other hand, suppose that suppb ⊂ {x : |x| ≤ β}.For any 0 < ε < 1, we take γ > β + 1 such that (γ − β) −(n−α)+n/q < ε.Below, we show that for every t ∈ R n and r > 0, By Lemma 7, we have For r < t < γ, we have (min{γ, r}) n q = r n q .Using condition w 2 ∈ Ω q,∞ , we obtain For γ < t < r, we have (min{γ, r}) n q = γ n q .Using condition w 2 ∈ Ω q,∞ , we obtain Consequently, we have the required condition (3) of Theorem 1. Now, let us prove that condition (2) of Theorem 1 holds for the set [b, I α ], where f ∈ F. That is, we will show that for all ε > 0 and for all f ∈ F, the inequality is satisfied for sufficiently small |z|.
Let ε be an arbitrary number such that 0 For J 2 , we have that  Therefore, by Theorem 2 Therefore, Here, the constants do not depend on z and ε.
Taking |z| small enough, we finally obtain that is, the set [b, I α ]( f ), f ∈ F also satisfies condition (2) of Theorem 1.Then, according to Theorem 1, the set [b, . Theorem 4 is proved.
Remark 1.When proving Theorem 4, we used the method from [19], taking into account the specifics of the generalized Morrey space.

Conclusions
In this paper we have obtained the sufficient conditions for the compactness of sets in generalized Morrey spaces .Moreover, we have obtained the sufficient conditions for the compactness of the commutator [b, n ) is defined as the set of all functions f ∈ L loc p (R n ) with ∥ f ∥ M w(•) p < ∞, where ∥ f ∥ M w(•) p = sup x∈R n , r>0w(r)∥ f ∥ L p (B(x,r)) .
I α ] for the Riesz potential operator on generalized Morrey spaces M w(•)p (R n ).More precisely, we prove that if b ∈ V MO(R n ), then [b, I α ] is a compact operator from M w 1 (•) p to M w 2 (•) q