Study of a Transmission Problem with Friction Law and Increasing Continuous Terms in a Thin Layer

: The aim of this paper is to establish the asymptotic analysis of nonlinear boundary value problems. The non-stationary motion is given by the elastic constructive law. The contact is described with a version of Tresca’s law of friction. A variational formulation of the model, in the form of a coupled system for the displacements and the nonlinear source terms, is derived. The existence of a unique weak solution of the model is established. We also give the problem in transpose form, and we demonstrate different estimates of the displacement and of the source term independently of the small parameter. The main corresponding convergence results are stated in the different theorems of the last section.


Introduction
This present article is devoted to the study of the solution of a transmission problem in a non-stationary regime in a 3D thin layer with Tresca's friction law.More specifically and for the ease of the reader, we give notations that specify our domain: we suppose that the nonhomogeneous Ω ε is composed of two homogeneous bodies Ω ε 1 and Ω ε 2 of R 3 .Throughout this work, the index l indicates that a quantity is associated with the domain Ω ε l , l = 1, 2, where (0 < ε < 1) is the thickness that becomes infinitely small, which will tend to zero.Suppose also that the boundary L l of the domain Ω ε l is partitioned into three disjoint measurable parts and belongs to C 1 , where ω is a fixed region in the plane x = (x 1 , x 2 ) ∈ R. The upper surface Γ ε 1 is defined by x 3 = εh(x ), and Γ ε 2 is defined by x 3 = −εh(x ).Additionally, h is a bounded continuous function with 0 < h ≤ h(x ) ≤ h * for all (x , 0) ∈ ω, and Γ ε L l , l = 1, 2 is a lateral boundary.For any function u ε defined on Ω ε , we designate by u ε 1 = (u ε 1i ) 1≤i≤3 (resp.,uε 2 = (u ε 2i ) 1≤i≤3 ) its restriction on Ω ε 1 (resp., on Ω ε 2 ).During the last decades, many authors have studied the problems of contact with the various laws of behavior as well as the various conditions of friction close to this study.In [1][2][3], the authors devoted their studies to the convergence of the solutions of the linearized elasticity system with different boundary conditions to generalized weak equations in the plane.In [4,5], the authors show the reduction of the 3D-1D dimension in anisotropic heterogeneous linearized elasticity.This work is devoted only to strong solutions, with the absence of a friction law.This type of study, governed by the different models of the mechanics of continuum in thin layers is essentially based on the theory of variational inequalities which represents, in a very natural generalization of the theory of boundary problems, and makes it possible to consider new models from many areas of applied mathematics.The variational analysis, existence, uniqueness, and regularity results in the study of a new class of variational inequalities were proved in [6] (see also, e.g., [7][8][9] and references therein).In the case of linear thin elasticity and in a non-stationary regime, Benseridi et al., in [10,11], gave the asymptotic analysis of the solutions whose influence (or not) of the heat on the model with friction did not increase the continuous terms.Several studies of the asymptotic convergence of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids are considered in [12][13][14][15], of which the authors have shown that the initial problems are converging towards limit problems represented by weak forms (Reynolds equations).A significant number of researchers have devoted their work to the study of transmission problems in different functional spaces with several types of boundary conditions.For example, Manaa et al., in [16], proved the reduction of the 3D-2D dimension of an interface problem with a dissipative term in a dynamic regime.We would like readers to note that, in this study, the authors are interested in a very particular body that follows Hooke's law (an isotropic case of elastic materials).The asymptotic study of a transmission problem governed by an elastic body in a stationary regime with Tresca has been studied in [17].Another work analogous to this present study, but relating only to the study of the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution of a frictionless contact problem between an elastic body and a rigid foundation, is given by [18].Other recent works on the contact problems are given in [19][20][21][22][23].
In this study, the objective is to make an extension of our previous works [16,17].The novelty of our study can be summarized in the following two major points.First, we take into account a generalized stress tensor compared to what is given in [16]: where E l is a bounded symmetric positive definite fourth-order tensor that describes the elastic properties of the material and e(u ε l ) is the linearized strain tensor.Second, we study the asymptotic behavior of the considered problem with the Tresca friction and the presence of the nonlinear source terms in a non-stationary regime compared to what is given in [17].This choice will create different difficulties in the next section of this study, especially in Theorems 5-7 and the uniqueness theorem.Because the study of the asymptotic analysis is more difficult since in general, the limit problem involves an equation that takes into account the anisotropy of the medium, and it is therefore important to identify the elastic components of (E l ijpq ) that appear in the (2D) equation model.The remainder of our paper is organized as follows: Section 2 will summarize the description of the problem and the basic equations.Moreover, we introduce some notations and preliminaries that will be used in other sections.Section 3 is reserved for the proof of the related weak formulation.We also give the problem in transpose form, and we establish some estimates of the displacement that do not depend on the parameter ε in Section 4. The corresponding main convergence results are stated in different theorems in Section 5.

The Domain and Notations
We denote by S 3 the space of the second-order symmetric tensor on R 3 , and |.| is the inner product and the Euclidean norm on R 3 and S 3 , respectively.In addition, Throughout this article, i, j, p, q = 1, 2, 3, repeated indices are implied, and the index that follows a comma represents the partial derivative with respect to the corresponding component of x.
Following the notations presented in the introduction, we denote by Ω ε the domain where We assume that the boundary l is partitioned into three disjoint measurable parts and belongs to C 1 .We also use the usual notation for the normal components and the tangential parts of vectors and tensors, respectively, by: For the displacement field, we use three Hilbert spaces where H 1 (Ω ε l ) 3 is endowed with the inner products (., .)1,Ω ε l and the associated norms .1,Ω ε l .W ε is endowed with the canonical inner product (., .)W ε and the associated norm .W ε , which are defined by For the stress, we use the real Hilbert space endowed with the inner product Likewise, for the displacement variable, we use the real Hilbert space endowed with the inner product ), e(w 2 )) Q and the norm .H , where the deformation operator e(u) = (e ij (u)) and e ij (u) = u i,j + u j,i /2.We denote by Q ∞ the real Banach space (see [6]): endowed with the norm and, moreover, Finally, for a real Banach space (X, .X ), we use the usual notation for the spaces L p (0, T; X), where 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞; we also denote by C(0, T; X) and C 1 (0, T; X) the spaces of continuous and continuously differentiable functions on [0, T] with values in X.

The Problem Statement and Weak Variational Formulation
We consider two bodies made of an elastic material that occupy the domain L l and a unit outward normal ν.For any displacement vectors u ε defined on Ω ε , we designate by The stress-strain relation is expressed as , and i, j, p, q ∈ {1, 2, 3}, where the elasticity operator E l is assumed to satisfy the conditions: Next, we adopt these assumptions: • On Γ ε l × ]0, T[, the upper surface is assumed to be fixed: • On Γ ε L l × ]0, T[, the displacement is known and parallel to the w-plane: • On ω × ]0, T[, we suppose that the normal velocity is bilateral, that is: Let us suppose that we have the condition of the Tresca friction law on the part ω × [0, T] with κ ε being the friction coefficient: Solving the problem posed is equivalent to finding u = (u ε 1 , u ε 2 ) satisfying the constitutive law and the boundary conditions, using the following initial conditions: Finally, the dissipative terms g li : R −→ R, i = 1, 2, 3, l = 1, 2 are a continuous increasing function and satisfy the following hypothesis: g l (0 3 ) = 0 3 for l = 1, 2; 3.
For all w 1 , w 2 ∈ R, there exists a positive constant c g independent of w 1 and w 2 , such that For the given body forces f ε l , l = 1, 2, the classical model for the process is as follows.
Problem 1 solution of the problem P ε , then it is also a solution of the following variational problem: where Remark 1.Using the previous properties and by Korn's inequality (as in [6]), one easily checks that the bilinear form a(., .) is coercive and continuous, i.e., where M = max 1≤i,j,p,q≤3 Using the integral by parts on Ω ε 1 and Ω ε 2 , and then using Green's formula, the results of Remark 1, and ( 7)-( 12), we obtain the variational problem, (13).
The existence and unique results of the weak solution to problem (13) are obtained in the following Theorem.Theorem 2. If the following assumptions are realized There exists a unique solution Proof.Since the function J ξ is not regularized, then we will regularize it by J ε ξ : Next, we formulate the associated approximate problem For the rest of the proof, we apply Galerkin's method as in ( [24,25]), with hypothesis (H 1 ) − (H 5 ).We begin to show that problem (15) admits a unique solution denoted by In the last step, it is easy to verify that the limit of u ε ζ to u ε when ζ → 0 is a solution of (13).

The Problem in a Fixed Domain
In this section, we use the dilatation in the variable x 3 given by x 3 = εz; then, our problem will be defined on a domain Ω ε , which is independent of ε.So for (x, x 3 ) in Ω ε l , l = 1, 2, we have (x, z) in Ω l , where To simplify the notation, everywhere in the sequel, α, β, γ, θ = 1, 2. According to this convention, when an index variable appears twice in a single term and is not otherwise defined, it implies summation of that term over all the values of the index.So, we define the following functions in Ω l For the data of problems ( 3)-( 12), it is assumed that they depend on ε as follows: with fl , κ, δl , and ĝl not depending on ε.We introduce the following spaces: endowed with the norms, respectively: Using the symmetry of E l ijpq , the variational problem (13) is reformulated on the fixed domain as follows: where and ê ûε l = êij ûε l ij are given by the relations In the next section, we establish some estimates for the solutions to the variational problem (18).
Theorem 3. If the hypotheses of Theorem 2 hold, then there exists a positive constant C that does not depend on ε, such that we have: Proof.Suppose that the problem P ε v admits a solution denoted by (u ε 1 , u ε 2 ), then we have For r ∈ [0, t], by integration, we obtain We use Korn's inequality and hypotheses (H 1 ) − (H 5 ).There exists a constant On the other hand, when we apply the Young's inequality , for every η > 0, in (13) By integration of the last inequality between 0 and t, we have Using Poincaré's inequality [1], Likewise, via Poincaré's inequality, we give: Substituting Formula ( 24)-( 28) into ( 23), we find: By simple calculations of the change in scale with respect to the third component given by Formula (17), we give . Then, multiplying (29) by ε, we obtain: where µ * = min(µ 1 , µ 2 ), µ * = max(µ 1 , µ 2 ) and B does not depend on ε Using Gronwall's Lemma, we obtain (19) and (20).
The proof of ( 21) is based on the techniques used in the proof of inequalities ( 19)- (20).Indeed, in a first step, we derive the associated approximate problem (15) with respect to t.Then, we choose (v 1 , v 2 ) = uε 1ζ (t), uε 2ζ (t) in the expression found, and, by applying hypotheses (1)-(3) of the dissipative terms g l and Korn's inequality, we obtain the analogue of (30).Finally, Gronwall's Lemma assures the existence of a constant C that is independent of ε and satisfies (21).The proof of Theorem 3 is complete.

Conclusions
The subject of this article falls within the framework of the study of a transmission problem with friction law and increasing continuous terms in a thin layer.To obtain the desired goal, and after the variational formulation of each problem using the change in scale and new unknowns to conduct the study on a domain does not depend on ε.Then, we demonstrate different estimates of the displacement and the source term independently of ε.Finally, by passing to the limit, we obtain the limit problem and the generalized weak equation of the problem considered.