Genetic Diversity and Combining Ability of White Maize Inbred Lines under Different Plant Densities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Analysis of Variance
2.2. Changes in the Studied Traits Due to Increased Plant Density
2.3. Performance of F1 Hybrids
2.4. General Combining Ability (GCA) Effects
2.5. Specific Combining Ability (SCA) Effects
2.6. SSR Polymorphisms, Genetic Distance (GD) and Cluster Analysis
2.7. Association between Genetic Distance, F1 Hybrid Performance and SCA
3. Discussion
3.1. Analysis of Variance and Hybrid Performance
3.2. GCA and SCA Estimates
3.3. SSR Polymorphisms, Genetic Distance (GD) and Cluster Analysis
3.4. Association between Genetic Distance, F1 Hybrid Performance and SCA
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Plant Materials
5.2. Production and Evaluation of F1 Hybrids
5.3. Data Collection
5.4. Molecular Analysis
5.4.1. DNA Isolation
5.4.2. SSR Primers and PCR Amplification
5.5. Statistical Analysis
5.6. SSR Data Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SOV | DF | DTS | ASI | PLHT | EHT | LANG | CHLC |
Locations (L) | 1 | 1114.26 ** | 12.87 ** | 16,592.96 ** | 6489.21 ** | 108.64 * | 400.29 ** |
Rep (L) | 4 | 15.14 | 0.58 | 325.06 | 138.65 | 14.87 | 10.84 |
Densities (D) | 2 | 1899.48 ** | 73.14 ** | 23,422.30 ** | 9384.04 ** | 603.65 ** | 1585.67 ** |
L × D | 2 | 308.23 ** | 22.39 ** | 9852.25 ** | 5708.38 ** | 27.17 ** | 180.79 ** |
Error a | 8 | 1.07 | 0.19 | 121.77 | 53.15 | 3.33 | 2.34 |
Hybrids (H) | 27 | 28.04 ** | 7.89 ** | 6842.02 ** | 2056.81 ** | 425.82 ** | 119.32 ** |
GCA | 7 | 57.16 ** | 12.03 ** | 11,397.27 ** | 2447.44 ** | 836.14 ** | 162.00 ** |
SCA | 20 | 17.85 ** | 6.44 ** | 5247.69 ** | 1920.08 ** | 282.20 ** | 104.38 ** |
H × L | 27 | 61.66 ** | 0.83 ** | 796.40 ** | 362.93 ** | 4.15 ** | 3.61 ** |
GCA × L | 7 | 52.48 ** | 0.88 ** | 915.53 ** | 309.35 ** | 3.16 | 3.57 |
SCA × L | 20 | 64.88 ** | 0.81 ** | 754.71 ** | 381.68 ** | 4.49 ** | 3.62 * |
H × D | 54 | 5.01 ** | 0.31 ** | 254.88 ** | 60.51 ** | 4.57 ** | 10.19 ** |
GCA × D | 14 | 4.54 ** | 0.30 ** | 212.94 ** | 78.99 * | 6.63 ** | 19.13 ** |
SCA × D | 40 | 5.18 ** | 0.31 ** | 269.56 ** | 54.03 | 3.85 | 7.06 ** |
H × D × L | 54 | 63.25 ** | 0.88 ** | 592.24 ** | 397.54 ** | 4.11 * | 4.30 ** |
GCA × L × D | 14 | 64.03 ** | 0.86 ** | 544.25 ** | 363.40 ** | 3.90 | 2.64 |
SCA × L × D | 40 | 62.97 ** | 0.88 ** | 609.03 ** | 409.48 ** | 4.19 * | 4.88 ** |
Error b | 324 | 0.81 | 0.14 | 84.07 | 42.33 | 2.69 | 1.93 |
GCA/SCA | 3.20 | 1.87 | 2.17 | 1.27 | 2.96 | 1.55 | |
SOV | DF | ED | NRPE | NKPR | TKW | GYPP | GYPH |
Locations (L) | 1 | 2.09 * | 36.35 ** | 353.21 ** | 8232.88 ** | 12,079.40 ** | 40.40 ** |
Rep (L) | 4 | 0. 26 | 1.35 | 12.53 | 225.52 | 285.31 | 0.78 |
Densities (D) | 2 | 21.93 ** | 88.74 ** | 2229.25 ** | 91,176.13 ** | 50,563.13 ** | 58.38 ** |
L × D | 2 | 1.78 ** | 6.33 ** | 331.20 ** | 3151.63 ** | 14,971.59 ** | 54.39 ** |
Error a | 8 | 0.18 | 0.52 | 3.09 | 192.11 | 56.68 | 0.30 |
Hybrids (H) | 27 | 1.01 ** | 8.75 ** | 56.88 ** | 10,944.20 ** | 9941.33 ** | 49.21 ** |
GCA | 7 | 1.07 ** | 16.50 ** | 41.59 ** | 12,835.71 ** | 13,527.67 ** | 67.17 ** |
SCA | 20 | 0.99 ** | 6.04 ** | 62.24 ** | 10,282.17 ** | 8686.11 ** | 42.93 ** |
H × L | 27 | 1.25 ** | 18.90 ** | 21.01 ** | 2126.28 ** | 1230.60 ** | 4.24 ** |
GCA × L | 7 | 1.56 ** | 20.27 ** | 17.14 ** | 2328.04 ** | 1621.69 ** | 5.61 ** |
SCA × L | 20 | 1.14 ** | 18.42 ** | 22.36 ** | 2055.67 ** | 1093.72 ** | 3.75 ** |
H × D | 54 | 0.20 ** | 0.98 ** | 8.77 ** | 360.55 ** | 187.93 ** | 0.71 ** |
GCA × D | 14 | 0.24 | 1.45 ** | 10.49 ** | 560.46 ** | 166.93 ** | 0.73 ** |
SCA × D | 40 | 0.19 | 0.82 ** | 8.17 ** | 290.58 ** | 195.28 ** | 0.70 ** |
H × D × L | 54 | 1.27 ** | 13.20 ** | 16.84 ** | 621.87 ** | 1517.64 ** | 5.45 ** |
GCA × L × D | 14 | 1.45 ** | 11.20 ** | 19.16 ** | 529.08 ** | 1951.52 ** | 6.99 ** |
SCA × L × D | 40 | 1.21 ** | 13.89 ** | 16.02 ** | 654.34 ** | 1365.78 ** | 4.91 ** |
Error b | 324 | 0.15 | 0.38 | 2.41 | 143.75 | 45.22 | 0.25 |
GCA/SCA | 1.08 | 2.73 | 0.67 | 1.25 | 1.56 | 1.57 |
Trait | Parameter | D1 | D2 | D3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Hybrid | Value | Hybrid | Value | Hybrid | ||
DTS | Minimum | 56.17 | L1 × L3 | 58.50 | L3 × L4 | 62.52 | L1 × L4 |
Maximum | 61.50 | L6 × L8 | 65.00 | L6 × L8 | 67.60 | L3 × L6 | |
Mean | 58.22 | 61.19 | 64.80 | ||||
ASI | Minimum | 2.15 | L2 × L5 | 2.28 | L2 × L5 | 3.12 | L2 × L5 |
Maximum | 4.65 | L3 × L7 | 5.20 | L3 × L7 | 5.65 | L3 × L7 | |
Mean | 3.26 | 3.68 | 4.56 | ||||
PLHT (cm) | Minimum | 203.17 | L2 × L6 | 206.00 | L2 × L6 | 213.35 | L2 × L6 |
Maximum | 283.00 | L4 × L7 | 290.63 | L2 × L4 | 304.35 | L4 × L7 | |
Mean | 240.12 | 249.20 | 263.52 | ||||
EHT (cm) | Minimum | 104.32 | L3 × L6 | 109.49 | L2 × L6 | 116.42 | L2 × L6 |
Maximum | 144.14 | L6 × L7 | 151.23 | L6 × L7 | 160.29 | L6 × L7 | |
Mean | 117.86 | 125.68 | 133.02 | ||||
LANG (°) | Minimum | 25.70 | L4 × L5 | 24.40 | L4 × L5 | 22.00 | L4 × L5 |
Maximum | 45.35 | L3 × L7 | 42.30 | L3 × L7 | 39.05 | L3 × L7 | |
Mean | 34.03 | 32.00 | 30.21 | ||||
CHLC (SPAD unit) | Minimum | 44.37 | L7 × L8 | 41.80 | L7 × L8 | 39.39 | L7 × L8 |
Maximum | 54.50 | L2 × L8 | 53.13 | L2 × L8 | 50.20 | L2 × L8 | |
Mean | 50.34 | 47.59 | 44.23 | ||||
ED (cm) | Minimum | 4.70 | L1 × L7 | 4.20 | L2 × L4 | 3.60 | L2 × L4 |
Maximum | 5.80 | L1 × L8 | 5.15 | L1 × L3 | 5.00 | L1 × L4 | |
Mean | 5.16 | 4.76 | 4.44 | ||||
NRPE | Minimum | 13.00 | L3 × L7 | 12.30 | L3 × L4 | 12.18 | L1 × L3 |
Maximum | 16.40 | L2 × L5 | 15.20 | L1 × L5 | 14.70 | L1 × L5 | |
Mean | 14.83 | 13.91 | 13.37 | ||||
NKPR | Minimum | 35.20 | L1 × L5 | 34.00 | L1 × L5 | 30.29 | L1 × L5 |
Maximum | 45.10 | L2 × L8 | 42.00 | L2 × L8 | 37.95 | L2 × L8 | |
Mean | 40.28 | 37.31 | 33.12 | ||||
TKW (g) | Minimum | 315.00 | L3 × L8 | 291.00 | L5 × L6 | 276.00 | L5 × L7 |
Maximum | 405.00 | L2 × L8 | 374.00 | L1 × L4 | 353.50 | L1 × L4 | |
Mean | 356.00 | 333.24 | 309.26 | ||||
GYPP (g) | Minimum | 130.88 | L3 × L7 | 122.71 | L3 × L8 | 103.75 | L3 × L7 |
Maximum | 236.45 | L2 × L8 | 215.01 | L2 × L8 | 187.44 | L2 × L8 | |
Mean | 170.11 | 153.78 | 135.09 | ||||
GYPH ( t ha−1) | Minimum | 7.79 | L3 × L7 | 8.76 | L3 × L8 | 8.78 | L3 × L7 |
Maximum | 14.07 | L2 × L8 | 15.35 | L2 × L8 | 15.61 | L2 × L8 | |
Mean | 10.12 | 10.98 | 11.26 |
Inbred Line | DTS | ASI | PLHT | EHT | ||||||||
D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | |
L1 | −0.84 ** | −0.94 ** | −1.08 ** | −0.27 ** | −0.26 ** | −0.16 ** | −7.22 ** | −10.48 ** | −3.92 ** | 10.29 ** | 8.20 ** | 5.43 ** |
L2 | −0.21 | −0.27 | 0.07 | −0.28 ** | −0.31 ** | −0.30 ** | −0.90 | −2.58 | −7.66 ** | −1.35 | −1.28 | −1.54 |
L3 | −0.62 ** | −0.81 ** | −0.38 ** | 0.43 ** | 0.48 ** | 0.37 ** | −3.52 * | −1.12 | −4.93 ** | −3.74 ** | −4.22 ** | −3.03 ** |
L4 | −0.74 ** | −0.60 ** | −0.20 | −0.05 | −0.09 | −0.23 ** | 18.43 ** | 24.20 ** | 22.27 ** | 1.48 | 3.60 ** | 4.25 ** |
L5 | 0.62 ** | 0.34 * | −0.56 ** | −0.31 ** | −0.43 ** | −0.30 ** | −4.29 ** | −3.48 * | −2.93 * | −4.21 ** | −6.60 ** | −6.32 ** |
L6 | 1.28 ** | 1.49 ** | 1.32 ** | 0.65 ** | 0.58 ** | 0.42 ** | −8.60 ** | −9.06 ** | −5.94 ** | 1.38 | 1.93 | 3.43 ** |
L7 | 0.09 | 0.30 * | 0.95 ** | 0.02 | 0.14 * | 0.13 * | 10.17 ** | 8.45 ** | 9.75 ** | 3.13 ** | 3.12 ** | 1.33 |
L8 | 0.43 ** | 0.49 ** | −0.12 | −0.19 ** | −0.11 * | 0.07 | −4.05 ** | −5.94 ** | −6.64 ** | −6.99 ** | −4.75 ** | −3.55 ** |
LSD 0.05 | 0.28 | 0.11 | 2.82 | 2.00 | ||||||||
LSD 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.15 | 3.70 | 2.63 | ||||||||
Inbred Line | LANG | CHLC | ED | NRPE | ||||||||
D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | |
L1 | −2.31 ** | −2.55 ** | −3.35 ** | 0.07 | 0.80 ** | 2.13 ** | 0.13 * | 0.08 | 0.20 ** | −0.14 | 0.33 ** | 0.45 ** |
L2 | −1.81 ** | −1.62 ** | −0.92 ** | 1.72 ** | 2.58 ** | 3.18 ** | 0.11 | −0.08 | −0.19 ** | 0.39 ** | 0.43 ** | 0.50 ** |
L3 | 5.51 ** | 5.71 ** | 5.63 ** | −1.13 ** | −1.32 ** | −0.74 ** | −0.02 | 0.13 * | 0.06 | −0.73 ** | −0.55 ** | −0.51 ** |
L4 | −3.77 ** | −2.92 ** | −2.87 ** | −0.20 | −0.42 | −1.20 ** | 0.04 | −0.03 | −0.06 | 0.13 | −0.29 ** | −0.19 * |
L5 | −0.62 * | −0.13 | −0.75 ** | 1.19 ** | −0.38 | 0.16 | −0.09 | 0.02 | −0.02 | 0.42 ** | 0.27 ** | 0.16 |
L6 | 0.84 ** | 0.55 * | 1.34 ** | −0.44 * | −0.61 ** | −1.81 ** | −0.21 ** | −0.11 | −0.06 | 0.16 | −0.07 | −0.08 |
L7 | 1.74 ** | 1.18 ** | 1.15 ** | −0.97 ** | 0.00 | −1.34 ** | −0.13 * | −0.12 * | −0.07 | −0.72 ** | −0.52 ** | −0.37 ** |
L8 | 0.42 | −0.21 | −0.23 | −0.24 | −0.66 ** | −0.38 | 0.17 ** | 0.09 | 0.13 * | 0.48 ** | 0.40 ** | 0.04 |
LSD 0.05 | 0.50 | 0.43 | 0.12 | 0.19 | ||||||||
LSD 0.01 | 0.66 | 0.56 | 0.15 | 0.25 | ||||||||
Inbred Line | NKPR | TKW | GYPP | GYPH | ||||||||
D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | |
L1 | −0.55 * | −0.14 | 0.58 * | 12.63 ** | 16.08 ** | 17.98 ** | 12.19 ** | 9.92 ** | 8.79 ** | 0.73 ** | 0.71 ** | 0.73 ** |
L2 | 1.47 ** | 1.06 ** | 1.15 ** | 18.79 ** | 16.50 ** | 10.23 ** | 19.20 ** | 19.23 ** | 15.67 ** | 1.14 ** | 1.37 ** | 1.30 ** |
L3 | 0.68 ** | −0.55 * | −1.17 ** | −17.88 ** | −10.58 ** | −6.60 ** | −16.55 ** | −16.58 ** | −16.95 ** | −0.98 ** | −1.18 ** | −1.39 ** |
L4 | −0.62 * | 0.08 | −0.71 ** | 6.63 ** | 3.75 * | 1.81 | −3.93 ** | 0.90 | −0.58 | −0.23 ** | 0.06 | −0.05 |
L5 | −1.43 ** | −0.73 ** | −0.48 * | 0.46 | −3.08 | −5.10 ** | 6.92 ** | 4.29 ** | 4.19 ** | 0.41 ** | 0.31 ** | 0.34 ** |
L6 | −0.27 | 0.46 | 0.62 * | −5.21 ** | −2.58 | 4.73 * | −13.70 ** | −10.97 ** | −7.49 ** | −0.82 ** | −0.78 ** | −0.63 ** |
L7 | 0.56 * | −0.01 | 0.05 | −9.04 ** | −13.08 ** | −13.27 ** | −4.05 ** | −4.52 ** | −6.16 ** | −0.24 ** | −0.32 ** | −0.50 ** |
L8 | 0.15 | −0.17 | −0.05 | −6.38 ** | −7.00 ** | −9.77 ** | −0.08 | −2.27 * | 2.53 * | 0.00 | −0.16 * | 0.21 ** |
LSD 0.05 | 0.48 | 3.68 | 2.07 | 0.15 | ||||||||
LSD 0.01 | 0.63 | 4.84 | 2.72 | 0.20 |
Cross | DTS | ASI | PLHT | EHT | LANG | CHLC | ||||||||||||
D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | |
L1 × L2 | 0.10 | 0.36 | 0.28 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.53 ** | 8.70 ** | 8.46 ** | 13.08 ** | 16.34 ** | 14.76 ** | 18.45 ** | 3.69 ** | 4.89 ** | 4.69 ** | −1.90 ** | −2.68 ** | −3.97 ** |
L1 × L3 | −0.49 | −0.42 | −0.53 | −0.15 | 0.31 * | 0.36 ** | 2.57 | 0.49 | −7.16 * | 7.82 ** | 11.21 ** | 9.69 ** | 3.13 ** | 3.19 ** | 3.64 ** | 0.27 | 0.95 * | 0.44 |
L1 × L4 | −0.04 | −0.58 | −1.03 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.32 * | 0.42 ** | −40.63 ** | −36.93 ** | −29.11 ** | 6.74 ** | 1.02 | 1.82 | −1.29 * | −1.61 ** | −1.92 ** | −1.66 ** | −3.95 ** | −4.89 ** |
L1 × L5 | 0.96 ** | 0.68 * | 1.41 ** | 0.04 | 0.08 | −0.10 | 9.59 ** | 5.85 | 19.69 ** | 9.58 ** | 9.28 ** | 6.62 ** | −2.74 ** | −3.20 ** | −3.79 ** | 0.45 | 1.01 * | 2.35 ** |
L1 × L6 | −1.05 ** | −0.87 ** | −1.49 ** | −0.10 | −0.18 | −0.05 | 6.40 * | 7.94 * | 3.30 | −3.99 | −4.10 | −6.08 ** | −3.21 ** | −2.88 ** | −1.87 ** | 0.38 | 0.84 | 2.02 ** |
L1 × L7 | 0.53 | 1.52 ** | 0.39 | −0.55 ** | −0.81 ** | −0.89 ** | 23.63 ** | 21.17 ** | 2.15 | −20.97 ** | −18.24 ** | −14.06 ** | −2.80 ** | −2.98 ** | −2.32 ** | 1.84 ** | 1.75 ** | 2.58 ** |
L1 × L8 | −0.01 | −0.67 * | 0.97 ** | 0.33 ** | 0.08 | −0.27 * | −10.26 ** | −6.98 * | −1.95 | −15.52 ** | −13.93 ** | −16.44 ** | 3.22 ** | 2.58 ** | 1.57 ** | 0.61 | 2.09 ** | 1.46 ** |
L2 × L3 | 1.21 ** | 2.26 ** | 1.16 ** | 0.74 ** | 0.65 ** | 0.72 ** | 22.50 ** | 34.10 ** | 35.82 ** | 5.48 * | 3.19 | 0.98 | 0.88 | 0.63 | −0.09 | −0.65 | −1.03 * | −0.57 |
L2 × L4 | −0.67 * | −0.84 ** | −1.30 ** | 0.43 ** | 1.06 ** | 0.88 ** | 25.00 ** | 19.90 ** | 15.73 ** | 0.82 | 0.12 | −1.07 | 1.31 * | 0.26 | −0.60 | −0.91 | −0.10 | 0.39 |
L2 × L5 | 1.98 ** | −0.44 | −0.09 | −0.53 ** | −0.66 ** | −0.83 ** | −10.73 ** | −10.14 ** | −5.97 | −3.86 | −2.44 | 2.48 | −2.74 ** | −1.93 ** | −1.52 ** | −0.97 * | 1.04 * | 0.04 |
L2 × L6 | −0.68* | 0.15 | 0.83 ** | 0.01 | −0.10 | −0.03 | −27.25 ** | −31.46 ** | −36.41 ** | −12.74 ** | −16.48 ** | −18.13 ** | −0.71 | −2.44 ** | −1.03 | 1.66 ** | −1.53 ** | −0.52 |
L2 × L7 | −1.10 ** | −1.15 ** | 0.50 | −0.30 * | −0.61 ** | −0.53 ** | −6.69 * | −6.98 * | −9.70 ** | −4.10 | 2.13 | −0.21 | 2.50 ** | 2.93 ** | 3.40 ** | 0.04 | 0.65 | 1.38 ** |
L2 × L8 | −0.84 ** | −0.34 | −1.38 ** | −0.45 ** | −0.52 ** | −0.75 ** | −11.53 ** | −13.88 ** | −12.56 ** | −1.94 | −1.28 | −2.51 | −4.93 ** | −4.35 ** | −4.86 ** | 2.73 ** | 3.64 ** | 3.25 ** |
L3 × L4 | 1.19 ** | −1.21 ** | 0.34 | −0.89 ** | −1.30 ** | −1.31 ** | −15.53 ** | −15.19 ** | −12.24 ** | 3.66 | 3.71 | −1.88 | −4.06 ** | −3.97 ** | −2.44 ** | 3.44 ** | 5.64 ** | 6.31 ** |
L3 × L5 | −1.62 ** | −0.65 * | −1.04 ** | 0.61 ** | 0.77 ** | 0.62 ** | 5.89 | 3.14 | 0.11 | −3.62 | 1.51 | −0.31 | 1.89 ** | 1.74 ** | 1.24 * | −3.44 ** | −2.37 ** | −3.38 ** |
L3 × L6 | −0.27 | −1.05 ** | 1.82 ** | −0.87 ** | −0.97 ** | −0.77 ** | 5.30 | −4.02 | 0.10 | −11.04 ** | −10.35 ** | −7.78 ** | −5.82 ** | −3.94 ** | −3.81 ** | −1.65 ** | −3.64 ** | −1.92 ** |
L3 × L7 | 1.41 ** | 1.89 ** | −0.01 | 0.93 ** | 0.90 ** | 0.59 ** | −18.37 ** | −12.94 ** | −13.61 ** | −0.76 | −5.93 ** | −7.95 ** | 4.18 ** | 3.53 ** | 2.14 ** | 2.44 ** | 2.35 ** | 0.92 |
L3 × L8 | −1.43 ** | −0.80 ** | −1.74 ** | −0.37 ** | −0.36 ** | −0.22 | −2.36 | −5.59 | −3.01 | −1.55 | −3.34 | 7.25 ** | −0.20 | −1.18 * | −0.67 | −0.42 | −1.89 ** | −1.81 ** |
L4 × L5 | −1.10 ** | −0.06 | −0.17 | −0.47 ** | −0.36 ** | −0.40 ** | −1.56 | 4.05 | 9.83 ** | −1.54 | −3.17 | 0.54 | −3.82 ** | −4.42 ** | −3.97 ** | 0.05 | −0.77 | −1.00 * |
L4 × L6 | −0.16 | 1.74 ** | 0.64 * | 0.02 | 0.33 * | 0.21 | 16.55 ** | 24.75 ** | 13.42 ** | −7.77 ** | −5.22 * | −2.11 | 6.61 ** | 7.69 ** | 6.35 ** | −2.34 ** | −0.54 | −1.15 * |
L4 × L7 | −0.67 * | −0.82 ** | −0.88 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.01 | 0.25 | 14.48 ** | 7.99 * | 8.97 ** | −1.93 | −0.52 | 0.89 | −2.63 ** | −3.24 ** | −3.67 ** | −0.24 | −0.28 | −0.59 |
L4 × L8 | 1.44 ** | 1.79 ** | 2.39 ** | 0.23 | −0.06 | −0.04 | 1.69 | −4.58 | −6.59 * | 0.03 | 4.06 | 1.81 | 3.88 ** | 5.28 ** | 6.25 ** | 1.66 ** | 0.01 | 0.92 |
L5 × L6 | 0.49 | 0.05 | −1.49 ** | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.11 | −5.53 | −7.57 * | −11.28 ** | −1.55 | −0.52 | 0.62 | 0.31 | 0.40 | −0.27 | 2.56 ** | 2.02 ** | 2.80 ** |
L5 × L7 | −0.03 | 1.39 ** | 0.68 * | −0.27 * | −0.21 | −0.12 | −4.32 | −5.58 | −16.94 ** | 1.50 | −0.83 | −5.39 * | 3.57 ** | 3.94 ** | 5.21 ** | 0.09 | −0.99 * | −0.47 |
L5 × L8 | −0.67 * | −0.95 ** | 0.70 * | 0.58 ** | 0.36 ** | 0.72 ** | 6.66 * | 10.24 ** | 4.57 | −0.51 | −3.83 | −4.56 * | 3.53 ** | 3.46 ** | 3.10 ** | 1.26 ** | 0.07 | −0.33 |
L6 × L7 | 0.0 | −1.91 ** | −0.01 | 0.54 ** | 0.55 ** | 0.34 ** | −9.99 ** | −7.05 * | 20.23 ** | 21.93 ** | 20.87 ** | 22.87 ** | 1.75 ** | 1.39 * | 0.63 | 0.53 | 1.64 ** | −0.78 |
L6 × L8 | 1.67 ** | 1.90 ** | −0.29 | 0.37 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.19 | 14.52 ** | 17.40 ** | 10.65 ** | 15.17 ** | 15.80 ** | 10.60 ** | 1.07 | −0.22 | 0.02 | −1.15 * | 1.20 * | −0.45 |
L7 × L8 | −0.15 | −0.91 ** | −0.66 * | −0.69 ** | 0.18 | 0.36 ** | 1.26 | 3.38 | 8.90 ** | 4.33 | 2.52 | 3.85 | −6.57 ** | −5.56 ** | −5.40 ** | −4.70 ** | −5.11 ** | −3.04 ** |
LSD 0.05 | 0.61 | 0.25 | 6.23 | 4.42 | 1.12 | 0.95 | ||||||||||||
LSD 0.01 | 0.80 | 0.33 | 8.19 | 5.81 | 1.47 | 1.24 | ||||||||||||
Cross | ED | NRPE | NKPR | TKW | GYPP | GYPH | ||||||||||||
D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | |
L1 × L2 | −0.13 | −0.17 | −0.14 | −0.05 | −0.16 | −0.31 | −0.74 | −0.47 | −1.83 ** | 13.26 ** | 6.92 | 3.06 | 0.63 | −1.34 | −2.05 | 0.04 | −0.10 | −0.16 |
L1 × L3 | 0.21 | 0.17 | −0.19 | −0.69 ** | −0.88 ** | −1.12 ** | −1.34 * | 0.43 | 1.38* | 3.93 | 2.00 | −6.11 | 16.42 ** | 10.99 ** | 10.06 ** | 0.98 ** | 0.78 ** | 0.82 ** |
L1 × L4 | 0.32 * | 0.19 | 0.42 ** | 0.20 | 0.76 ** | 0.50 * | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.03 | 27.43 ** | 21.67 ** | 24.48 ** | −24.25 ** | −22.70 ** | −18.21 ** | −1.44 ** | −1.62 ** | −1.51 ** |
L1 × L5 | −0.34 ** | −0.07 | 0.11 | 0.42 * | 0.69 ** | 0.73 ** | −3.04 ** | −2.34 ** | −1.39 ** | −33.40 ** | −24.50 ** | −16.11 ** | 2.81 | 10.32 ** | 12.43 ** | 0.17 | 0.74 ** | 1.04 ** |
L1 × L6 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.12 | −0.18 | −0.36 | −0.30 | 2.61 ** | 2.77 ** | 2.93 ** | 25.26 ** | 25.00 ** | 22.06 ** | 33.52 ** | 28.56 ** | 22.11 ** | 1.99 ** | 2.04 ** | 1.85 ** |
L1 × L7 | −0.45 ** | −0.13 | −0.26 * | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.15 | −0.63 | −2.06 ** | −1.10 * | −9.90 * | −10.50 * | −6.94 | −18.98 ** | −21.89 ** | −18.42 ** | −1.13 ** | −1.56 ** | −1.55 ** |
L1 × L8 | 0.35 ** | −0.14 | −0.06 | 0.05 | −0.33 | 0.35 | 2.19 ** | 0.70 | −0.03 | −26.57 ** | −20.58 ** | −20.44 ** | −10.14 ** | −3.94 | −5.92 * | −0.60 ** | −0.28 | −0.49 ** |
L2 × L3 | −0.05 | 0.08 | −0.31* | 0.74 ** | 0.82 ** | 1.05 ** | 2.53 ** | 0.28 | −2.66 ** | −12.24 ** | −7.42 | 1.14 | −15.69 ** | −15.14 ** | −6.32 ** | −0.93 ** | −1.08 ** | −0.54 ** |
L2 × L4 | −0.51 ** | −0.46 ** | −0.59 ** | −1.02 ** | −0.04 | 0.02 | −2.07 ** | −1.56 ** | −0.02 | −12.74 ** | −9.75 * | −14.77 ** | −4.15 | 2.88 | 8.81 ** | −0.25 | 0.21 | 0.74 ** |
L2 × L5 | 0.42 ** | 0.29 * | 0.57 ** | 0.79 ** | 0.39 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 1.13 * | 1.03 | 18.43 ** | 22.58 ** | 14.64 ** | 25.96 ** | 23.99 ** | 18.55 ** | 1.54 ** | 1.71 ** | 1.55 ** |
L2 × L6 | −0.05 | −0.08 | 0.01 | −0.73 ** | −0.96 ** | −1.18 ** | −4.42 ** | −3.73 ** | −1.99 ** | −18.90 ** | −14.42 ** | −6.69 | −33.57 ** | −30.75 ** | −29.77 ** | −2.00 ** | −2.20 ** | −2.47 ** |
L2 × L7 | 0.36 ** | 0.43 ** | 0.63 ** | 0.33 | −0.31 | −0.30 | 1.45 ** | 0.44 | 1.60 ** | −25.07 ** | −25.92 ** | −23.69 ** | −21.99 ** | −25.20 ** | −24.60 ** | −1.31 ** | −1.80 ** | −2.07 ** |
L2 × L8 | −0.04 | −0.08 | −0.17 | −0.05 | 0.27 | 0.54 * | 3.26 ** | 3.90 ** | 3.88 ** | 37.26 ** | 28.00 ** | 26.31 ** | 48.82 ** | 45.56 ** | 35.39 ** | 2.90 ** | 3.25 ** | 2.95 ** |
L3 × L4 | −0.18 | −0.06 | 0.16 | −0.41 | −0.76 ** | −0.47 * | 0.62 | −0.34 | 1.78 ** | 10.93 ** | 7.33 | −17.94 ** | 21.41 ** | 20.99 ** | 9.83 ** | 1.27 ** | 1.50 ** | 0.80 ** |
L3 × L5 | −0.05 | 0.08 | 0.12 | −0.49 * | −0.12 | 0.19 | 2.83 ** | 2.38 ** | 0.60 | 27.10 ** | 15.17 ** | 22.98 ** | −15.18 ** | −17.28 ** | −14.84 ** | −0.90 ** | −1.23 ** | −1.25 ** |
L3 × L6 | −0.12 | −0.09 | 0.36 ** | 1.07 ** | 0.72 ** | 0.93 ** | −0.33 | −0.91 | −1.05 | −2.24 | 4.67 | 5.14 | 16.68 ** | 10.35 ** | 14.54 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.74 ** | 1.20 ** |
L3 × L7 | −0.01 | −0.18 | −0.12 | −0.36 | −0.03 | 0.11 | −2.86 ** | −0.35 | −0.18 | −11.40 ** | −10.83 ** | −0.86 | −17.02 ** | 1.01 | −6.99 ** | −1.01 ** | 0.07 | −0.48 ** |
L3 × L8 | 0.19 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.14 | 0.25 | −0.69 ** | −1.44 ** | −1.49 ** | 0.12 | −16.07 ** | −10.92 ** | −4.36 | −6.61 ** | −10.93 ** | −6.29 ** | −0.39 * | −0.78 ** | −0.54 ** |
L4 × L5 | 0.19 | 0.14 | −0.06 | −0.04 | 0.38 | 0.06 | −0.57 | −0.66 | 1.09 * | 22.60 ** | 29.83 ** | 38.56 ** | 31.54 ** | 18.23 ** | 14.79 ** | 1.88 ** | 1.30 ** | 1.24 ** |
L4 × L6 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.46 * | 0.11 | 0.67 | 0.15 | −2.01 ** | 3.26 | 2.33 | 8.73 * | −9.18 ** | −6.02 ** | −5.72 * | −0.55 ** | −0.43 * | −0.47 ** |
L4 × L7 | −0.07 | −0.16 | −0.11 | 0.78 ** | 0.21 | 0.29 | 1.84 ** | 1.72 ** | 0.26 | −23.90 ** | −22.17 ** | −19.27 ** | 12.90 ** | 5.74 * | 0.74 | 0.77 ** | 0.41 * | 0.05 |
L4 × L8 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.28 | −1.01 ** | −0.52 * | −1.44 ** | −0.27 | −1.14 * | −27.57 ** | −29.25 ** | −19.77 ** | −28.26 ** | −19.12 ** | −10.25 ** | −1.68 ** | −1.37 ** | −0.85 ** |
L5 × L6 | −0.05 | −0.18 | −0.36 ** | −0.38 | −0.91 ** | −0.23 | 1.38 * | 0.87 | 1.30 * | −32.57 ** | −35.83 ** | −31.86 ** | −21.29 ** | −10.90 ** | −12.19 ** | −1.27 ** | −0.78 ** | −1.01 ** |
L5 × L7 | 0.06 | −0.07 | −0.14 | −0.90 ** | −0.86 ** | −0.91 ** | −1.65 ** | −1.07 * | −2.07 ** | −2.74 | −5.33 | −14.36 ** | −4.05 | 0.14 | 4.58 * | −0.24 | 0.01 | 0.36 * |
L5 × L8 | −0.24 | −0.18 | −0.24 | 0.60 ** | 0.43 * | −0.02 | 1.06 * | −0.31 | −0.57 | 0.60 | −1.92 | −13.86 ** | −19.79 ** | −24.51 ** | −23.32 ** | −1.18 ** | −1.75 ** | −1.94 ** |
L6 × L7 | 0.19 | −0.04 | −0.31 * | 0.46 * | 0.69 ** | 0.49 * | 2.79 ** | 2.35 ** | 2.28 ** | 32.93 ** | 29.17 ** | 17.81 ** | 23.51 ** | 18.01 ** | 22.66 ** | 1.40 ** | 1.29 ** | 1.87 ** |
L6 × L8 | −0.21 | 0.05 | 0.09 | −0.45 * | 0.37 | 0.18 | −2.69 ** | −1.50 ** | −1.47 ** | −7.74 | −10.92 ** | −15.19 ** | −9.67 ** | −9.25 ** | −11.64 ** | −0.58 ** | −0.66 ** | −0.96 ** |
L7 × L8 | −0.09 | 0.16 | 0.31 * | −0.57 ** | 0.02 | 0.16 | −0.93 | −1.03 | −0.79 | 40.10 ** | 45.58 ** | 47.31 ** | 25.64 ** | 22.19 ** | 22.03 ** | 1.53 ** | 1.58 ** | 1.82 ** |
LSD 0.05 | 0.26 | 0.42 | 1.06 | 8.15 | 4.57 | 0.34 | ||||||||||||
LSD 0.01 | 0.34 | 0.55 | 1.39 | 10.71 | 6.01 | 0.45 |
Marker | Ch. | Size Range (bp) | No. of Alleles | Major Allele Frequency | Gene Diversity | PIC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
phi308707 | 1 | 125–140 | 2 | 0.63 | 0.47 | 0.36 |
phi96100 | 2 | 150–200 | 2 | 0.88 | 0.22 | 0.19 |
phi453121 | 3 | 150–200 | 2 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.38 |
phi072 | 4 | 100–150 | 2 | 0.75 | 0.38 | 0.30 |
phi024 | 5 | 100–200 | 2 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.38 |
umc1014 | 6 | 100–150 | 3 | 0.50 | 0.59 | 0.51 |
phi112 | 7 | 150–200 | 3 | 0.50 | 0.59 | 0.51 |
phi015 | 8 | 50–150 | 3 | 0.50 | 0.59 | 0.51 |
umc1033 | 9 | 50–200 | 6 | 0.25 | 0.81 | 0.79 |
phi301654 | 10 | 100–150 | 2 | 0.88 | 0.22 | 0.19 |
Mean | 2.7 | 0.59 | 0.50 | 0.41 |
Parent | L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | L7 | L8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L1 | - | 0.43 | 0.53 | 0.31 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.78 |
L2 | - | 0.43 | 0.53 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.71 | 0.78 | |
L3 | - | 0.43 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.71 | ||
L4 | - | 0.63 | 0.71 | 0.63 | 0.71 | |||
L5 | - | 0.63 | 0.43 | 0.71 | ||||
L6 | - | 0.43 | 0.63 | |||||
L7 | - | 0.53 | ||||||
L8 | - |
Trait | DTS | ASI | PLHT | EHT | LANG | CHLC | ED | NRPE | NKPR | TKW | GYPP | GYPH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r (GD, F1) | 0.20 | −0.26 | −0.20 | −0.60 | −0.09 | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.04 | −0.21 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
r (GD, SCA) | 0.01 | −0.26 | 0.00 | −0.55 | −0.07 | 0.29 | 0.11 | 0.12 | −0.25 | −0.26 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
r (F1, SCA) | 0.69 ** | 0.78 ** | 0.75 ** | 0.83 ** | 0.70 ** | 0.80 ** | 0.85 ** | 0.71 ** | 0.90 ** | 0.83 ** | 0.80 ** | 0.80 ** |
Parent Code | Name | Source |
---|---|---|
L1 | IL36 | ARC-Egypt |
L2 | IL94 | ARC-Egypt |
L3 | IL53 | ARC-Egypt |
L4 | IL38 | ARC-Egypt |
L5 | CML538 | CIMMYT-Mexico |
L6 | CML203 | CIMMYT-Mexico |
L7 | CML206 | CIMMYT-Mexico |
L8 | CML441 | CIMMYT-Mexico |
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Kamara, M.M.; Rehan, M.; Ibrahim, K.M.; Alsohim, A.S.; Elsharkawy, M.M.; Kheir, A.M.S.; Hafez, E.M.; El-Esawi, M.A. Genetic Diversity and Combining Ability of White Maize Inbred Lines under Different Plant Densities. Plants 2020, 9, 1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091140
Kamara MM, Rehan M, Ibrahim KM, Alsohim AS, Elsharkawy MM, Kheir AMS, Hafez EM, El-Esawi MA. Genetic Diversity and Combining Ability of White Maize Inbred Lines under Different Plant Densities. Plants. 2020; 9(9):1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091140
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamara, Mohamed M., Medhat Rehan, Khaled M. Ibrahim, Abdullah S. Alsohim, Mohsen M. Elsharkawy, Ahmed M. S. Kheir, Emad M. Hafez, and Mohamed A. El-Esawi. 2020. "Genetic Diversity and Combining Ability of White Maize Inbred Lines under Different Plant Densities" Plants 9, no. 9: 1140. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091140