Diallel Analysis of Chilli Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes for Morphological and Fruit Biochemical Traits
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Analysis of Variance for the Experimental Design
2.2. GCA and SCA Effects
2.3. Heterosis
2.4. Correlations
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material, Design and Layout
4.2. Morphological Traits
4.3. Fruit Biochemical Traits
4.4. Data Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source of Variation | Replicates | Treatments | Parents | Hybrids | Parents vs. Hybrids | Error |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d.f | 2 | 14 | 4 | 9 | 32 | |
Plant height (cm) | 31.33 | 218.16 ** | 575.20 ** | 59.96 ** | 153.66 ** | 14.18 |
Primary branches plant-1 | 0.04 | 1.52 ** | 1.86 ** | 1.69 ** | 0.36 ** | 0.02 |
Days to first flower | 0.05 | 13.08 ** | 0.81 ** | 4.29 ** | 73.91 ** | 0.02 |
Days to first harvest | 0.01 | 12.80 ** | 0.56 ** | 4.29 ** | 71.49 ** | 0.02 |
Fruits plant-1 | 49.85 | 4565.15 ** | 378.71 ** | 4191.18 ** | 24,308.19 ** | 32.25 |
Fruit length (cm) | 0.04 | 6.96 ** | 3.92 ** | 2.28 ** | 26.94 ** | 0.41 |
Fruit girth (cm) | 0.32 | 1.88 ** | 0.76 ** | 0.50 ** | 0.11 * | 0.02 |
Fruit weight (g) | 0.19 | 30.77 ** | 2.51 ** | 10.47 ** | 28.97 ** | 0.15 |
Flesh thickness (mm) | 0.98 | 0.66 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.25 ** | 0.07 ** | 2.30 |
Flesh to seed ratio | 0 | 14.37 ** | 11.50 ** | 10.00 ** | 1.07 ** | 0 |
Seeds fruit-1 | 1.19 | 1932.53 ** | 610.69 ** | 589.25 ** | 13,138.21 ** | 10.49 |
Green fruit yield plant-1 (g) | 594.46 | 132,993.00 ** | 15,711.40 ** | 90,901.51 ** | 1,085,263.25 ** | 901.3 |
Dry fruit yield plant-1 (g) | 14.82 | 3568.28 ** | 418.91 ** | 2442.97 ** | 29,087.32 ** | 24.2 |
Yield plot-1 (kg) | 0.49 | 110.28 ** | 13.03 ** | 75.37 ** | 900.22 ** | 0.75 |
Driage (%) | 0.07 | 25.87 ** | 6.07 ** | 27.23 ** | 0.53 | 0.19 |
Seed yield fruit-1 (g) | 0.5 | 0.11 ** | 0.08 ** | 0.09 ** | 0.00 ** | 2.0 |
Capsaicin (%) | 0 | 0.06 ** | 0.00 ** | 0.00 ** | 0.88 ** | 1.37 |
Oleoresin (%) | 0.31 | 21.11 ** | 5.49 ** | 26.45 ** | 63.13 ** | 0.07 |
Ascorbic acid (mg/100g) | 0.14 | 332.59 ** | 8.40 ** | 232.22 ** | 2270.04 ** | 0.66 |
Colour (ASTA units) | 0.18 | 1154.62 ** | 1245.60 ** | 913.54 ** | 1537.60 ** | 0.44 |
Source | Replications | Genotypes | Error | GCA | SCA | Error | σ2 GCA | σ2 SCA | σ2 SCA/σ2 GCA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Df | 2 | 14 | 28 | 4 | 10 | 28 | |||
Plant height (cm) | 67.78 ** | 209.62 ** | 11.72 | 73.16 ** | 68.54 ** | 3.9 | 1.31 | 1.47 | 1.12 |
Primary branches per plant | 0.05 | 2.02 ** | 0.015 | 0.977 ** | 0.55 ** | 0.0037 | 0.12 | 0.54 | 4.5 |
Days to first flower | 0.1 ** | 7.51 ** | 0.02 | 1.32 ** | 2.97 ** | 0.0063 | 0.46 | 2.82 | 6.13 |
Days to first harvest | 0.125 ** | 7.2 ** | 0.02 | 1.304 ** | 2.83 ** | 0.0064 | 0.43 | 2.82 | 6.55 |
Fruits plant−1 | 291.56 ** | 3166.03 ** | 53.29 | 697.29 ** | 1198.56 ** | 17.75 | 1432.15 | 1180.8 | 0.82 |
Fruit length (cm) | 3.08 | 4.61 ** | 0.02 | 2.23 ** | 1.25 ** | 0.0049 | 0.28 | 1.2 | 4.28 |
Fruit girth (cm) | 0.08 | 0.51 ** | 0.01 | 0.173 ** | 0.16 ** | 0.0027 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 5.33 |
Fruit weight (g) | 0.095 ** | 8.65 ** | 0.01 | 4.285 ** | 2.31 ** | 0.001 | 0.56 | 2.31 | 4.12 |
Flesh thickness (mm) | 0.01 | 0.24 ** | 0.01 | 0.143 ** | 0.054 ** | 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 2.5 |
Flesh to seed ratio | 0.01 | 10.00 ** | 0.01 | 6.8 ** | 1.94 ** | 0.005 | 1.38 | 1.94 | 1.4 |
Seeds per fruit | 85.47 | 1447.70 ** | 1.56 | 275.47 ** | 565.4 ** | 0.732 | 82.83 | 564.88 | 6.81 |
Green fruit yield per plant (g) | 6547.43 ** | 147,164.15 ** | 3941.25 | 16,235.04 ** | 54,302.00 ** | 1313.74 | 5247.36 | 52,988.35 | 10.09 |
Dry fruit yield per plant (g) | 131.03 ** | 3494.14 ** | 24.89 | 933.11 ** | 1257.35 ** | 8.29 | 92.63 | 1249.05 | 13.48 |
Yield per plot (kg) | 5.38 ** | 122.04 ** | 32.65 | 29.8 ** | 45.02 ** | 1.08 | 4.35 | 43.94 | 10.1 |
Driage (%) | 5.36 ** | 16.53 ** | 0.075 | 10.87 ** | 3.36 ** | 0.025 | 2.14 | 3.33 | 1.55 |
Seed yield per fruit (g) | 0.24 ** | 0.08 ** | 0.01 | 0.230 ** | 0.049 ** | 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.018 | 2.57 |
Capsaicin (%) | 0.01 | 0.065 ** | 0.01 | 0.005 ** | 0.0165 ** | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.03 | 3.75 |
Oleoresin (%) | 5.01 | 23.085 ** | 0.01 | 9.23 ** | 7.07 ** | 0.0065 | 0.61 | 7.07 | 11.59 |
Ascorbic acid (mg/100g) | 18.24 ** | 3422.15 ** | 0.26 | 30.79 ** | 147.34 ** | 0.18 | 33.25 | 147.25 | 4.42 |
Colour value (ASTA units) | 220.17 * | 1051.07 ** | 0.18 | 438.72 ** | 0.497 ** | 0.058 | 35.34 | 314.94 | 8.91 |
Traits | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plant height (cm) | −4.6 ** | −1.4 * | 3.17 ** | 2.87 ** | 0.13 |
Primary branches plant−1 | −0.49 ** | 0.14 ** | −0.25 ** | 0.16 ** | −0.43 ** |
Days to first flower | −0.075 ** | −0.15 ** | 0.64 ** | −0.525 ** | −0.085 ** |
Days to first harvest | −0.09 ** | −0.155 ** | 0.63 ** | −0.515 ** | −0.1 ** |
Fruits plant−1 | −8.77 ** | −8.05 ** | 8.44 ** | −3.87 ** | 9.09 ** |
Fruit length (cm) | 1.46 ** | −0.40 ** | −0.64 ** | −0.06 ** | 0.37 ** |
Fruit girth (cm) | 0.04 * | 0.48 ** | 0.15 ** | 0.05 ** | 0.25 ** |
Fruit weight (g) | −0.24 ** | −0.6 ** | −0.79 ** | 0.09 ** | 1.14 ** |
Flesh thickness (mm) | 0.041 ** | −0.055 ** | −0.037 ** | −0.165 ** | 0.205 ** |
Flesh to seed ratio | 0.445 ** | −1.16 ** | −0.895 ** | 0.475 ** | 1.125 ** |
Seeds fruit-1 | 9.74 ** | 2.14 ** | −4.9 ** | −6.09 ** | −1.58 ** |
Green fruit yield plant−1 (g) | −20.07 | −76.84 ** | −14.49 | 5.83 | 115.56 ** |
Dry fruit yield plant−1 (g) | −3.78 ** | −12.11 ** | −1.96 * | 2.09 * | 18.71 ** |
Yield plot−1 (kg) | −0.575 * | −2.20 ** | −0.41 * | 0.43 * | 3.32 ** |
Driage (%) | 0.085 | −0.915 ** | −0.115 * | 0.06 | 2.01 ** |
Seed yield fruit−1 (g) | −0.04 * | 0.085 ** | 0.061 ** | 0.003 * | 0.115 ** |
Capsaicin (%) | 0.0045 ** | 0.001 * | 0.0015 * | −0.005 ** | −0.002 ** |
Oleoresin (%) | 0.035 ** | −1.51 ** | −0.28 ** | 0.10 ** | 1.67 ** |
Ascorbic acid (mg/100g) | −2.6 ** | 3.03 ** | 0.12 | −1.09 ** | 0.54 ** |
Colour value (ASTA units) | −7.54 ** | −5.00 ** | −1.06 ** | 0.69 ** | 12.92 ** |
Parents | P1 × P2 | P1 × P3 | P1 × P4 | P1 × P5 | P2 × P3 | P2 × P4 | P2 × P5 | P3 × P4 | P3 × P5 | P4 × P5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plant height (cm) | 12.02 ** | 2.64 ** | 7.74 ** | 0.74 | 2.54 * | −1.18 | 7.31 ** | −2.28 | −10.155 ** | −4.52 ** |
Primary branches plant−1 | 0.87 ** | 0.4 ** | −0.22 ** | −0.58 ** | 0.68 ** | −0.19 ** | 0.18 ** | −0.66 ** | 0.87 ** | 0.32 ** |
Days to first flower | −1.52 ** | 0.30 ** | −0.59 ** | 0.075 | 0.445 ** | −0.995 ** | −1.98 ** | −2.18 ** | −0.77 ** | −0.66 ** |
Days to first harvest | −1.52 ** | 0.30 ** | −0.59 ** | 0.075 | 0.445 ** | −0.995 ** | −1.98 ** | −2.18 ** | −0.77 ** | −0.66 ** |
Fruits plant−1 | 12.26 ** | −5.33 ** | −7.95 ** | −10.07 ** | 8.80 ** | −9.91 ** | 17.05 ** | 44.35 ** | 23.12 ** | 38.18 ** |
Fruit length (cm) | −0.40 ** | 0.57 ** | 1.07 ** | 0.77 ** | 0.82 ** | 0.51 ** | 1.52 ** | 0.64 ** | −0.1 * | −0.05 |
Fruit girth (cm) | 0.55 ** | −0.06 ** | −0.065 ** | 0.13 ** | −0.17 ** | −0.56 ** | 0.24 ** | 0.07 * | 0.56 ** | −0.30 ** |
Fruit weight (g) | 1.19 ** | −0.31 ** | 0.92 ** | 0.075 ** | −0.275 ** | −0.63 ** | 1.53 ** | −0.77 ** | 2.15 ** | 1.44 ** |
Flesh thickness (mm) | −0.095 ** | −0.04 ** | 0.095 ** | −0.155 ** | −0.025 ** | 0.075 ** | 0.15 ** | 0.15 ** | −0.24 ** | 0.46 ** |
Flesh to seed ratio | 1.035 ** | 0.53 ** | −0.47 ** | 1.48 ** | 0.1 ** | −0.79 ** | 0.075 ** | 1.45 ** | 2.22 ** | −0.70 ** |
Seeds fruit−1 | 8.20 ** | 16.32 ** | 15.92 ** | 1.20 ** | −9.76 ** | 12.96 ** | 33.81 ** | 18.90 ** | 21.32 ** | −0.62 |
Green fruit yield plant−1 (g) | 115.85 ** | −25.91 ** | 134.48 ** | 54.53 ** | 44.17 ** | −35.31 | 182.30 ** | 172.20 ** | 207.80 ** | 275.53 ** |
Dry fruit yield plant−1 (g) | 22.31 ** | −3.95 | 23.17 ** | 8.24 ** | 6.85 ** | 6.40 ** | 29.41 ** | 31.85 ** | 29.83 ** | 34.09 ** |
Yield plot−1 (kg) | 3.97 ** | −0.73 | 3.85 ** | 1.56 * | 1.27 | −1.01 | 5.24 ** | 4.96 ** | 5.97 ** | 7.93 ** |
Driage (%) | −0.62 ** | −2.32 ** | 1.42 ** | −0.2 * | 0.315 ** | −2.83 ** | 1.38 ** | −0.62 ** | 2.14 ** | 1.48 ** |
Seed yield fruit-1 (g) | −0.03 ** | 0.005 * | 0.04 ** | −0.03 ** | −0.02 ** | 0.02 ** | 0.06 ** | 0.09 ** | −0.17 ** | 0.12 ** |
Capsaicin (%) | 0.07 ** | 0.115 ** | 0.10 ** | 0.07 ** | 0.15 ** | 0.07 ** | 0.11 ** | 0.09 ** | 0.06 ** | 0.09 ** |
Oleoresin (%) | −1.30 ** | 2.27 ** | 0.91 ** | 1.35 ** | −2.21 ** | 0.52 ** | 3.82 ** | 3.23 ** | −0.42 ** | 1.63 ** |
Ascorbic acid (mg/100g) | 13.90 ** | 12.4 ** | −1.53 ** | −10.68 ** | 3.09 ** | 1.98 ** | 11.83 ** | −0.59 ** | 8.24 ** | 13.47 ** |
Colour value (ASTA units) | −0.86 ** | 16.42 ** | 21.50 ** | 13.77 ** | −3.10 ** | −9.15 ** | 25.63 ** | −20.27 ** | −2.56 ** | −0.29 * |
Traits | MPH/BPH | P1 × P2 | P1 × P3 | P1 × P4 | P1 × P5 | P2 × P3 | P2 × P4 | P2 × P5 | P3 × P4 | P3 × P5 | P4 × P5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plant height (cm) | MPH | 36.62 ** | 8.68 * | 18.87 ** | 7.01 | 7.73 * | 5.98 | 15.37 ** | −6.52 * | −17.05 ** | −8.04 * |
BPH | 29.14 ** | −10.45 ** | −0.24 | −8.59 * | −6.94 | −6.63 | 3.59 | −8.62 * | −20.59 ** | −9.98 * | |
Primary branches per plant | MPH | 64.56 ** | 45.21 ** | 0 | −13.73 ** | 72.15 ** | 27.36 ** | 31.48 ** | −6.00 * | 45.10 ** | 13.18 ** |
BPH | 52.94 ** | 45.21 ** | −21.26 ** | −32.82 ** | 60.00 ** | 6.30 ** | 8.40 ** | −25.98 ** | 12.98 ** | 11.45 ** | |
Days to first flower | MPH | −9.73 ** | −0.6 | −8.33 ** | −4.26 ** | −2.24 ** | −10.14 ** | −12.85 ** | −12.96 ** | −7.80 ** | −9.31 ** |
BPH | −11.03 ** | −3.49 ** | −9.00 ** | −5.53 ** | −3.72 ** | −10.79 ** | −12.95 ** | −14.88 ** | −9.30 ** | −9.86 ** | |
Days to first harvest | MPH | −5.75 ** | −0.36 | −4.48 ** | −2.52 ** | −1.34 ** | −5.87 ** | −7.63 ** | −6.88 ** | −4.66 ** | −5.38 ** |
BPH | −6.55 ** | −2.10 ** | −4.76 ** | −3.28 ** | −2.24 ** | −6.41 ** | −7.69 ** | −8.25 ** | −5.59 ** | −5.85 ** | |
Fruits per plant | MPH | 40.67 ** | 16.51 * | 64.55 ** | 48.70 ** | 52.26 ** | 89.79 ** | 76.94 ** | 71.74 ** | 46.34 ** | 103.12 ** |
BPH | 24.14 * | 11.54 | 34.25 ** | 43.34 ** | 29.39 ** | 73.26 ** | 61.40 ** | 35.48 ** | 35.27 ** | 70.69 ** | |
Fruit length (cm) | MPH | 8.05 ** | 16.09 ** | 20.46 ** | 16.89 ** | 23.53 ** | 18.51 ** | 30.20 ** | 21.54 ** | 14.91 ** | 12.48 ** |
BPH | −3.95 ** | 1.35 * | 11.13 ** | 12.49 ** | 21.01 ** | 13.80 ** | 19.87 ** | 14.43 ** | 3.82 ** | 7.64 ** | |
Fruit girth (cm) | MPH | 22.24 ** | 5.00 * | −4.91 * | 14.52 ** | −3.16 | −19.56 * | 10.04 ** | −2.81 | 20.02 ** | −7.70 ** |
BPH | 18.02 ** | 4.31 | −13.73 ** | 5.68 * | −7.10 ** | −24.59 * | 5.00 * | −12.34 ** | 10.09 ** | −9.40 ** | |
Fruit weight (g) | MPH | 45.50 ** | 10.16 | 22.00 ** | 26.40 ** | 7.53 | 4.5 | 56.18 ** | 12.37 | 58.89 ** | 42.93 ** |
BPH | 23.47 ** | −2.01 | 22.00 ** | 25.42 ** | 1.89 | −11.32 | 31.69 ** | −0.05 | 40.38 ** | 41.82 ** | |
Flesh thickness (mm) | MPH | −5.22 ** | −2.44 ** | 16.23 ** | −3.58 ** | 0.23 | 15.23 ** | 9.05 ** | 24.36 ** | −6.11 ** | 29.42 ** |
BPH | −11.03 ** | −6.21 ** | −7.72 ** | −5.56 ** | −2.24 ** | −3.77 ** | 0.4 | 1.79* | −11.51 ** | 1.19 | |
Flesh to seed ratio | MPH | 44.46 ** | 33.44 ** | 4.60 ** | 44.77 ** | 7.50 ** | −13.72 ** | 0.98 | 26.08 ** | −32.73 ** | −11.09 ** |
BPH | 22.80 ** | 18.22 ** | −10.21 ** | 16.59 ** | 2.50 * | −35.21 ** | −27.92 ** | −2.09 ** | −50.51 ** | −17.67 ** | |
Seeds per fruit | MPH | 27.54 ** | 39.46 ** | 40.30 ** | 26.15 ** | 13.10 ** | 40.99 ** | 65.50 ** | 53.21 ** | 55.64 ** | 33.00 ** |
BPH | 18.82 ** | 21.52 ** | 18.35 ** | 9.47 ** | 5.21 ** | 26.60 ** | 53.26 ** | 47.46 ** | 54.88 ** | 28.61 ** | |
Green fruit yield per plant (g) | MPH | 91.13 ** | 29.48 * | 102.18 ** | 70.33 ** | 66.86 ** | 89.75 ** | 113.31 ** | 99.72 ** | 90.86 ** | 142.70 ** |
BPH | 52.38 ** | 26.41 | 73.27 ** | 65.57 ** | 35.50 * | 73.87 ** | 66.51 ** | 74.70 ** | 81.25 ** | 103.14 ** | |
Dry fruit yield per plant (g) | MPH | 91.23 ** | 29.86 ** | 102.79 ** | 55.16 ** | 64.66 ** | 86.82 ** | 90.77 ** | 104.17 ** | 64.75 ** | 88.76 ** |
BPH | 52.95 ** | 27.62 ** | 73.59 ** | 40.38 ** | 33.47 ** | 72.08 ** | 41.69 ** | 77.38 ** | 46.75 ** | 48.78 ** | |
Yield per plot (kg) | MPH | 91.20 ** | 29.65 * | 101.91 ** | 70.35 ** | 67.14 ** | 89.81 ** | 113.35 ** | 100.00 ** | 91.04 ** | 142.76 ** |
BPH | 52.42 ** | 26.43 | 73.03 ** | 65.58 ** | 35.84 * | 73.92 ** | 66.53 ** | 75.12 ** | 81.21 ** | 103.18 ** | |
Driage (%) | MPH | −5.79 ** | −12.94 ** | 2.32 | 1.88 | −1.93 | −14.89 ** | 6.21 ** | −3.91 ** | 10.13 ** | 7.29 ** |
BPH | −9.45 ** | −18.07 ** | 0.54 | 0.57 | −4.06 ** | −16.78 ** | 0.83 | −8.04 ** | 2.4 | 4.10 ** | |
Seed yield per fruit (g) | MPH | −13.56 ** | −8.00 ** | −1.71 * | −64.64 ** | −0.42 | 6.15 ** | 12.53 ** | −7.91 ** | 34.28 ** | 31.41 ** |
BPH | −18.73 ** | −9.61 ** | −9.05 ** | −72.40 ** | −4.78 ** | −7.17 ** | −15.94 ** | −16.16 ** | 3.49 ** | 9.04 ** | |
Capsaicin (%) | MPH | 64.12 ** | 82.03 ** | 66.79 ** | 56.46 ** | 88.80 ** | 62.93 ** | 69.06 ** | 72.33 ** | 62.93 ** | 60.45 ** |
BPH | 60.45 ** | 73.88 ** | 64.93 ** | 54.74 ** | 84.38 ** | 61.07 ** | 63.50 ** | 66.41 ** | 54.01 ** | 56.93 ** | |
Oleoresin (%) | MPH | −15.79 ** | 26.58 ** | 23.68 ** | 24.71 ** | −12.33 ** | 17.14 ** | 41.77 ** | 45.21 ** | 14.63 ** | 37.47 ** |
BPH | −21.95 ** | 21.95 ** | 14.63 ** | 20.45 ** | −15.79 ** | 17.14 ** | 27.27 ** | 39.47 ** | 6.82 | 23.41 ** | |
Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g) | MPH | 26.89 ** | 23.60 ** | 6.21 ** | −3.17 ** | 18.26 ** | 14.43 ** | 26.96 ** | 9.35 ** | 21.95 ** | 24.23 ** |
BPH | 25.69 ** | 23.56 ** | 4.66 ** | −3.64 ** | 17.10 ** | 13.83 ** | 26.37 ** | 7.71 ** | 21.32 ** | 23.00 ** | |
Colour value (ASTA units) | MPH | 11.20 ** | 18.60 ** | 22.42 ** | 24.53 ** | −1.52 ** | −5.24 ** | 24.03 ** | −15.11 ** | 2.25 ** | 3.90 ** |
BPH | 1.84 ** | 2.92 ** | 5.55 ** | 6.80 ** | −7.21 ** | −11.36 ** | 15.35 ** | −15.76 ** | 0.84 ** | 3.25 ** |
Name of Parents | Accession Number | Source * |
---|---|---|
P1 | EC-391083 | NBPGR, Hyderabad |
P2 | EC-596920 | NBPGR, Hyderabad |
P3 | EC-596940 | NBPGR, Hyderabad |
P4 | EC-599969 | NBPGR, Hyderabad |
P5 | Dharwad local-2 | UAS, Bangalore |
Month | Average Low Temperature (°C) | Average High Temperature (°C) | Average Precipitation (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
Season 1 | |||
May | 27 | 35 | 391 |
June | 24 | 30 | 576 |
July | 23 | 29 | 391 |
August | 23 | 30 | 367 |
September | 24 | 30 | 417 |
Season 2 | |||
October | 24 | 30 | 467 |
November | 23 | 31 | 223 |
December | 21 | 31 | 47 |
January | 20 | 31 | 32 |
February | 22 | 32 | 26 |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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C. S., A.; S, V.; I, S.; Kaushik, P. Diallel Analysis of Chilli Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes for Morphological and Fruit Biochemical Traits. Plants 2020, 9, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9010001
C. S. A, S V, I S, Kaushik P. Diallel Analysis of Chilli Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes for Morphological and Fruit Biochemical Traits. Plants. 2020; 9(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. S., Aiswarya, Vijeth S, Sreelathakumary I, and Prashant Kaushik. 2020. "Diallel Analysis of Chilli Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes for Morphological and Fruit Biochemical Traits" Plants 9, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9010001