Ecological and Syntaxonomic Analysis of the Communities of Glebionis coronaria and G. discolor (Malvion neglectae) in the European Mediterranean Area

Nitrophilous communities dominated by Glebionis coronaria and Glebionis discolor in the European Mediterranean area were studied. The nomenclature was corrected according to the current taxonomy, following the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN). The statistical analysis revealed six new associations and one subassociation, with four in Spain, one in Greece, and one in Italy. Additionally, a subassociation of high relevance due to its endemic character was identified. These grasslands exhibit requirements for organic matter and other edaphic nutrients that are closer to those of Malva neglecta communities than to those of Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum. We confirmed the published syntaxon with the rank of Resedo albae-Glebionenion coronariae suballiance and its subordination to the Malvion neglectae alliance, and we established the type association for this suballiance. Sisimbrietalia officinalis J. Tüxen in Lohmeyer et al. 1962 em. Rivas-Martínez, Báscones, T. E. Díaz, Fernández-González & Loidi 1991. Stellarietea mediae Tüxen, Lohmeyer & Preising ex von Rochow 1951.


Introduction
Taxonomy and phytosociology are two long-established tools that underlie the correct interpretation of vegetation and habitats [1,2].There are numerous studies in these two fields (often as combined works or reviews) that confirm their importance and in which new plant taxa and syntaxa are described (e.g., [3]).Among the many types of vegetation that have been given special importance, we must consider the communities of nitrified grasslands that have been studied by different authors.Gutte [4] proposed the Malva neglecta communities in the Malvenion neglectae suballiance, and later Rivas-Martínez [5] proposed the Malvenion parviflorae suballiance; years later, Rivas-Martínez et al. [6] included the Urtico urentis-Malvetum neglectae communities in the suballiance described by Gutte and eight different associations in Malvenion parviflorae, subordinating both suballiances to the Chenopodion muralis alliance.Both authors carried out exhaustive studies from a phytosociological point of view but did not provide edaphic data.Subsequently, a group of Plants 2024, 13, 568 2 of 38 associations of nitrophilic character [7] were studied from the phytosociological and edaphic points of view; among the syntaxa studied, there are the grasslands with Malva neglecta, M. parviflora, Chyrsanthemum coronarium (=Glebionis coronaria), and Hordeum murinum subsp.leporinum.More recently, Cano-Ortiz [8] carried out a study on the Hordeion leporini alliance in the Western Mediterranean area, providing relevés from Greece, Italy, Morocco, Spain, and Portugal.In this study, due to the similarity in the ecology and distribution of Malva neglecta and M. parviflora, the authors state that, taking into account the edaphic parameters and distribution of both Malva species and having priority in the name of the suballiance described by Gutte, the suballiance Malvenion neglectae should be maintained with its new alliance rank Malvion neglectae.
The importance of the communities of G. coronaria and G. discolor is based on two aspects.Firstly, by acting as indicators of edaphic nutrients and presenting requirements in soil texture and oxidizable organic matter (MOO), and secondly, by acting as CO 2 sinks and presenting a high biomass.Considering these functions, these communities provide magnificent ecosystem services.Consequently, it is necessary to study the diversity of associations dominated by Glebionis, since this is the basis for managers to be able to apply the ecosystem services offered by these communities.
These ruderal communities have been ignored over time, when in fact they contain great edaphic and thermoclimatic information since G. coronaria is always located in thermomediterranean environments, not reaching the meso-mediterranean, contrary to what happens with G. discolor.

Results of the Multivariate Analysis
The statistical analysis according to Cano-Ortiz reveals that the Glebionis communities are very close to those of Malvion, which is the fundamental reason for including them in this alliance and not in Hordeion leporini, as has been the case over time.In addition to presenting a high value as an ecosystem service, they can be used as an indicator of nutrients and as a sink for CO 2 .As can be seen in Figure 3, the plant communities included in Malvion neglectae present a variability in their floristic composition, largely explained from the nutritional point of view of the soil.In this case, these communities respond well to an increasing gradient in terms of silt content, CE, pH, and Mg and do not desolubilize in sand-rich soils.In contrast, in the plant communities grown in the Hordeion leporini alliance, the edaphic variables that best define these communities are sandy soil texture as well as low pH and CE.

Results of the Multivariate Analysis
The statistical analysis according to Cano-Ortiz reveals that the Glebionis communities are very close to those of Malvion, which is the fundamental reason for including them in this alliance and not in Hordeion leporini, as has been the case over time.In addition to presenting a high value as an ecosystem service, they can be used as an indicator of nutrients and as a sink for CO2.As can be seen in Figure 3, the plant communities included in Malvion neglectae present a variability in their floristic composition, largely explained from the nutritional point of view of the soil.In this case, these communities respond well to an increasing gradient in terms of silt content, CE, pH, and Mg and do not desolubilize in sand-rich soils.In contrast, in the plant communities grown in the Hordeion leporini alliance, the edaphic variables that best define these communities are sandy soil texture as well as low pH and CE.Once the differences between the two main groups of Hordeion leporini and Malvion neglectae communities were established, the structure of the different communities studied, dominated by Glebionis coronaria s.l., was analyzed.The result of the exploratory PCA shows the correlation between the floristic composition of the communities studied in the two countries and their relationship with the different edaphic and bioclimatic parameters.The first two factors explain 58.79% of the variability of the plant communities, and the different relationships between the factors and the samples can be seen in Figure 4. Once the differences between the two main groups of Hordeion leporini and Malvion neglectae communities were established, the structure of the different communities studied, dominated by Glebionis coronaria s.l., was analyzed.The result of the exploratory PCA shows the correlation between the floristic composition of the communities studied in the two countries and their relationship with the different edaphic and bioclimatic parameters.The first two factors explain 58.79% of the variability of the plant communities, and the different relationships between the factors and the samples can be seen in Figure 4.At first, it can be observed that AdGc is a more or less generalist community, but with a preference for high values of Itc, this bioclimatic parameter provides information about the thermicity of the area where this community develops.The low values of cosine squared (r 2 ) in the PCA once rotated (0.07 for F1 and 0.068 for F2) suggest that this is a generalist community in the study area.
For the AvGc community, a high correlation can be observed (r 2 = 0.104 for F2) with the variables related to humidity.These communities are located in Figure 4, totally opposite to the variables that present an increasing humidity gradient; therefore, they are located in dry and sunny places, in addition to having a certain positive correlation with the apparent density of the soil with the C/N ratio.
The communities called CbGc show high negative correlations with Itc and Tp, as well as correlating positively with soils with high CEC, carbonates, clays, and high pH.This shows the appetence of this floristic combination for calcareous loamy-clay soils in cold places; in fact, they are distributed in the southernmost inland areas of the Iberian Peninsula.
The sampling of CnGc in Italy clearly shows a positive correlation with a gradient of increasing humidity or water content.They are located in rainier and relatively warm places, making the bioclimatic parameters the ones that best explain the floristic composition of this community.A negative correlation can also be observed with edaphic parameters related to high pH values or high carbonate content (r 2 = −0.47).
KaGc correlates positively with the variable C/N and negatively with Ic, and the continentality index provides information about the annual thermal oscillation.This community also correlates significantly with low N contents, compared to other communities, as well as with low moisture or water content indices.At first, it can be observed that AdGc is a more or less generalist community, but with a preference for high values of Itc, this bioclimatic parameter provides information about the thermicity of the area where this community develops.The low values of cosine squared (r 2 ) in the PCA once rotated (0.07 for F1 and 0.068 for F2) suggest that this is a generalist community in the study area.
For the AvGc community, a high correlation can be observed (r 2 = 0.104 for F2) with the variables related to humidity.These communities are located in Figure 4, totally opposite to the variables that present an increasing humidity gradient; therefore, they are located in dry and sunny places, in addition to having a certain positive correlation with the apparent density of the soil with the C/N ratio.
The communities called CbGc show high negative correlations with Itc and Tp, as well as correlating positively with soils with high CEC, carbonates, clays, and high pH.This shows the appetence of this floristic combination for calcareous loamy-clay soils in cold places; in fact, they are distributed in the southernmost inland areas of the Iberian Peninsula.
The sampling of CnGc in Italy clearly shows a positive correlation with a gradient of increasing humidity or water content.They are located in rainier and relatively warm places, making the bioclimatic parameters the ones that best explain the floristic composition of this community.A negative correlation can also be observed with edaphic parameters related to high pH values or high carbonate content (r 2 = −0.47).
KaGc correlates positively with the variable C/N and negatively with Ic, and the continentality index provides information about the annual thermal oscillation.This community also correlates significantly with low N contents, compared to other communities, as well as with low moisture or water content indices.Finally, the RtGc community presents similar affinities and correlations to KaGc in the same variables, although with slightly higher squared cosines; therefore, these variables have greater relevance in the distribution of this plant community.

Canonical Correspondence Analysis Results
Once the phytosociological importance value of each of the species forming the different phytochorions under study was calculated, those taxa whose modified IVI was included in the top 5% (5% percentile) were selected.With these species selected according to their importance within the community, a CCA was carried out with the aim of observing the possible correlations between environmental variables and the presence and abundance of these species.The first two factors account for 39.84% of the variability.Although it is true that this explained variance is a priori low, it should be noted that the CCA seems to be sensitive to the relationship between the number of species and the number of samplings, so much so that in the different simulations and model adjustments carried out, when the number of species to be analyzed was reduced, the explained variance increased because all the variance was explained by a few species.However, it was decided to observe the behavior of the 62 species with the highest IVI, since the bioindicator character of the species is largely preserved.
In principle, differences can be observed in the inclination of various species depending on the country.As can be seen in Figure 5, the CCA clearly shows 5 groups of species.On the one hand, there are species with an inclination for carbonate-rich soils, high pH, and clay soils that are negatively correlated with high Tp, PE, and Iar values, such as Centaurea baetica, Sinapis mairei, Diplotaxis catholica, or Phalaris minor.These species characterize the so-called CbGc communities.Galactites elegans (synonym of Galactites tomentosus Moench) respond to these characteristics in the Glebionis coronaria communities in Italy.These phytochorions have been referred to as CnGc.
Figure 5. CCA correlation analysis between bioclimatic and edaphic parameters of the abundance of species that make up the different communities.

Discussion
The communities dominated by Glebionis coronaria, G. discolor, and Hordeum leporinum have structural, edaphic, and floristic differences.According to Cano-Ortiz et al. [8], at the edaphic level, Glebionis communities present soil parameter values of MO, Nt, P, K, and Mg that are closer to those of Malvenion neglectae Gutte 1966 communities than to those of Hordeion leporinii.The frequent presence of Malvenion neglectae species in Glebionis Another group of species has an inclination for clay soils that are poor in sand, rich in carbonates, have a high bulk density, high C/N ratios, and are negatively correlated with variables such as Ic, PEs, and Ios2.These species are Klasea alcalae, Hyparrhenia sinaica, Centaurea pullata, Crepis vesicaria, and Asteriscus acuaticus.These species characterize the phytochorions called KaGc.
On the other hand, there is another cluster of species strongly correlated with the variables associated with high temperatures (Itc) and negatively correlated with Io and Ioe.Partial negative correlations can also be seen with other variables related to soil carbonate content and high pH.Species such as Reichardia tingitana, Brassica repanda, and Tetragonia tetragonioides are characteristic of RtGc communities.These three species clusters correspond to plant communities present in the Iberian Peninsula, which are well characterized from the point of view of species co-occurrence (floristic composition) as well as from a bioclimatic and edaphic point of view.Another grouping of species responds, with positive correlations, to the variable continentality (Ic), as well as being partially correlated with the variables related to water availability both at annual (Io) and summer (Ioe) levels.From an edaphic point of view, they are negatively correlated with variables such as the C/N ratio (CN) or soil bulk density.Species such as Astragalus drupaceus and Sinapis dissecta define these communities.These phytochorions correspond to the so-called AdGc, distributed in the central-eastern Mediterranean belt in Greece, being the eastern-most community studied in this manuscript.
Finally, in the analysis of canonical correspondences, a well-defined cluster of plant species with a clear appetence for arid or low humidity climates and high temperatures can be observed.They are positively correlated with variables such as the aridity index (Iar), the positive annual temperature (Tp), or summer evapotranspiration (PEs).From the edaphic point of view, they correlate negatively with variables such as clay content, pH, or carbonate content.Species such as Anacyclus valentinus, Carrichtera annua, and Lophocloa pumila are examples.These phytochorions, or plant co-communities, correspond to AvGc in this manuscript and are located in the most arid areas of Western Europe.
Within this last cluster, we can distinguish a subcluster of species that are not very correlated with edaphic and bioclimatic variables in general, although with an inclination for warm and relatively arid climates, showing a certain correlation with variables such as PE, Iar, or Tp.From the edaphic point of view, they seem to exclude soils rich in carbonates, with a clayey texture, or with a high pH.The species with these appetences are characteristic of the communities sampled in Italy, maintaining a certain relationship with AvGc.Species such as Centaurea napifolia, Calendula fulgida, Lotus ornithopodioides, and Galactites elegans (synonym of Galactites tomentosus Moench) respond to these characteristics in the Glebionis coronaria communities in Italy.These phytochorions have been referred to as CnGc.

Discussion
The communities dominated by Glebionis coronaria, G. discolor, and Hordeum leporinum have structural, edaphic, and floristic differences.According to Cano-Ortiz et al. [8], at the edaphic level, Glebionis communities present soil parameter values of MO, Nt, P, K, and Mg that are closer to those of Malvenion neglectae Gutte 1966 communities than to those of Hordeion leporinii.The frequent presence of Malvenion neglectae species in Glebionis communities and the structure of Malvenion neglectae [4] were reason enough for Cano-Ortiz et al. [8]    All the communities of the genus Glebionis are of great interest for land management, so it has been necessary to describe them phytosociologically.These plant associations have a narrow edaphic ecology in that they are bioindicators of edaphic nutrients [8], and it is necessary for managers to know the associations described with the abundance of the species.The communities dominated by G. coronaria for the thermo-Mediterranean environments of southwestern Iberia (Spain and Portugal) were published by Cano-Ortiz et al. [7] with the name Anacyclo radiati-Chrysanthemetum coronarii (Rivas-Martínez 1978) Cano Based on the results obtained for Spain and Portugal for the association Anacyclo radiati-Glebionetum coronariae, we propose the following new associations: 1.
Finally, in the semi-arid thermo-mediterranean territories on basic substrates rich in organic matter of the Almerian sector, there is a community of G. coronaria differentiated from the previous ones by the presence of Anacyclus valentinus Beta vulgaris and Carrichtera annua among other species, which allows us to propose the association Anacyclo valentinae-Glebionetum coronariae ass.nova (Table 5, Relevés 1-11, holotypus rel.2).
grassland growing on nitrified basic substrates in the Betic territories, characterized by G. discolor and Centaurea pullata subsp.baetica differential species compared to Resedo albae-Chrysanthemetum coronarii, described by Bolòs and Molinier [29,30] for the thermo-mediterranean areas of Mallorca, and extending its area to the thermomediterranean areas of Valencia [31].Three types of grasslands dominated by G. coronaria develop in southeastern Iberian thermo-mediterranean territories on basic and neutral substrates.2. Klaseo alcalae-Glebionetum discoloris ass.nova (Table 3, Relevés 1-8, holotypus rel.8), a very frequent plant community in the Malacitano-Almijarense biogeographic sector (Malaga province, Spain), which develops on nitrified neutro-basic substrates of anthropized areas such as roadsides and abandoned places.Its dominant species are G. coronaria, Klasea alcalae, and Sinapis alba subsp.mairei.3.In the Alpujarreño-Gadorense biogeographic unit (Granada province, Spain), the Glebionis coronaria-dominated grassland continues to prevail, with a similar ecology to the previous one but with a different floristic composition: Reichardio tingitanae-Glebionetum coronariae ass.nova (Table 4, Relevés 1-9, holotypus rel.4). 4. Finally, in the semi-arid thermo-mediterranean territories on basic substrates rich in organic matter of the Almerian sector, there is a community of G. coronaria differentiated from the previous ones by the presence of Anacyclus valentinus Beta vulgaris and Carrichtera annua among other species, which allows us to propose the association Anacyclo valentinae-Glebionetum coronariae ass.nova (Table 5, Relevés 1-11, holotypus rel.2).
In previous research by Cano et al. [19], we established the species G. coronaria (L.) Cass.ex Spach for exclusively thermo-mediterranean environments and G. discolor (d'Urv.)Cano, Musarella, Cano-Ortiz, Piñar Fuentes, Spampinato & Pinto Gomes for thermo-and meso-mediterranean environments.The morphometric study confirmed different dimensions of achene wings and different arrangements of their glands (Figure 6).This work was carried out due to several previous taxonomic errors that have remained uncorrected since the time of Linnaeus.Unfortunately, attempts at lectotypification of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. by Dillon were made erroneously.However, Turland [30] confirmed two varieties and proposed a new combination under the name Glebionis coronaria var.discolor (d'Urv.)Turland, using Chrysanthemum coronarium var.discolor d'Urv.as a basionym.After the morphometric study and bioclimatic distribution, different authors have reported both taxa with specific ranks: Cueto et al. [32] for Spain and Bertolucci et al. [33,34] for Italy.
The morphometric differences between G. coronaria and G. discolor are supported by the phytochemical study of Ivashchenko et al. [35], which concludes that there are differences in the amounts of carotene, vitamins, and other molecules present in both species due to the influence of environmental factors.Recently, Gallucci et al. [20] carried out a study of the genetic diversity between G. coronaria and G. discolor through AFLP markers, using material from Spain, Italy, and Portugal, and reached the conclusion that, using the mentioned markers, there are genetic differences between both species.Recently, both G. coronaria and G. discolor have been accepted in the Flora Vascular de Andalucía (https://www.florandalucia.es/index.php/glebionis-coronaria#:~:text=Antimonia,%20belide%20menuda,%20besantemon%20oloroso,mogigato,%20mohinos,%2 0mohinos%20bastos, accessed on 12 February 2024), as well as G. coronaria in the Flora Canaria.However, Benedi [36] includes G. discolor within G. coronaria (L.) Spach, and in remarks he says that several authors consider with distinct rank two forms, those with totally yellow ligule and those with white ligule with a yellow base.It is not surprising that he includes G. discolor in G. coronaria, since his study predates the molecular study.
Taking into consideration articles 40-45 of the ICPN [21], it is not possible to maintain the syntaxonomy that is based on the species C. coronarium, when a vast majority of researchers support G. coronaria and G. discolor.For these reasons, we propose the correction of the names.

Conclusions
This study clearly highlights the differentiation of the Italian grasslands from the Iberian ones, which are separated into two alliances: the Hordeion leporini alliance distributed throughout the western Mediterranean basin, from which we segregate the communities of G. coronaria and G. discolor according to their different edaphic, floristic, and structural characteristics that allow us to include these grasslands in the Resedo albae-Glebionenion coronariae sub-alliance, which we include in the Malvion neglectae alliance.According to the new taxonomy of the genus Glebionis [19,20]  Multivariate analyses were used for the ecological characterization of the different communities studied.Taking the edaphic and bioclimatic data as variables, a principal components analysis was carried out, previously selecting the variables that best explained the variability of the communities, as well as a canonical correspondence analysis with the aim of relating the co-occurrence of the different species with the different edaphic and bioclimatic variables.The importance of each of the bioclimatic and edaphic variables was tested using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test.This index provides information on when the data are suitable for factor analysis.It is used to assess whether the relationship between variables is strong enough for the factor analysis to produce significant and reliable results.The cut-off criterion was to choose variables with a KMO index > 0.5 (Table 10).The PCA was performed using Pearson's correlation and with an Oblimin-type rotation of the axes.The oblimin rotation seeks to minimize the number of variables that have high loadings on more than one factor.This can be useful when factors are expected to be correlated in reality, such as in situations where the underlying variables share some relationship or overlap conceptually.
With the environmental variables selected on the basis of the factor analysis, the modified phytosociological importance index (IVI) was then calculated for each of the plant species present in the different samples.Based on the relative frequency in each sampling, the relative dominance in each sampling, and the inverse of the relative occurrence in the different clusters determined in the previous ordination analysis, this step was carried out to "penalize" the importance of the more euryoecious species in favor of the more stenoecious ones.

IVI = (Fr + Dr) Frt
where Fr is the relative frequency of occurrence of the species in each sampling cluster; Dr is the mean relative dominance (measured in cover) in each sampling cluster; and Frt is the relative frequency of occurrence in all sampling clusters.Frt penalizes those species found in many different communities.Subsequently, based on the preliminary results of the factorial analysis and PCA, the analysis of the main components, and the phytosociological importance of each species, a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was carried out with the aim of observing ecological patterns according to each of the distribution gradients of the environmental variables in the composition of each phytocorion or plant community studied.
In order to compare the different communities with each other according to soil composition and bioclimate, comparative analyses of variance were carried out.Previously, an exploratory analysis of the data was carried out to check the distribution, normality, and homoscedasticity of the data for a better choice of comparative methods.For this purpose, the Shapiro-Wilks test was used to check the normality of the data.This test showed that most of the variable distributions did not follow a normal distribution, so non-parametric methods were chosen.For the comparison between the different plant communities studied, the Kruskal-Wallis method of comparisons between medians was used, a non-parametric method analogous to the ANOVA analysis.

Conclusions
This study clearly highlights the differentiation of the Italian grasslands from the Iberian ones, which are separated into two alliances: the Hordeion leporini alliance distributed throughout the western Mediterranean basin, from which we segregate the communities of G. coronaria and G. discolor according to their different edaphic, floristic, and structural characteristics that allow us to include these grasslands in the Resedo albae-Glebionenion coronariae sub-alliance, which we include in the Malvion neglectae alliance.According to the new taxonomy of the genus Glebionis [19,20], name corrections are made according to the Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature.The statistical study of 81 samples for Spain and Portugal and 101 for Italy and Greece allowed us to establish seven new syntaxa, six of which have association rank and one with subassociation rank.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Cluster analysis of grasslands dominated by Glebionis coronaria and Glebionis discolor in Italy and Greece.Figure 2. Cluster analysis of grasslands dominated by Glebionis coronaria and Glebionis discolor in Italy and Greece.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Cluster analysis of grasslands dominated by Glebionis coronaria and Glebionis discolor in Italy and Greece.Figure 2. Cluster analysis of grasslands dominated by Glebionis coronaria and Glebionis discolor in Italy and Greece.

Figure 5 .
Figure5.CCA correlation analysis between bioclimatic and edaphic parameters of the abundance of species that make up the different communities.
described the association Asphodelo fistulosi-Hordeetum leporini A. & O.Bolòs in O.Bolòs 1956 and the sub-association chrysanthemetosum coronarii Álvarez de Campos 2003, the only differential being the taxon Chrysanthemum coronarium L.[=Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass.ex Spach], due to its thermo-mediterranean environment and similar floristic composition, it could be assimilated to the new AvG association.All these associations are distributed in the south and east parts of the Iberian Peninsula (Figure7).

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. Distribution map of associations in the Iberian Peninsula.Map adapted from Rivas-Martínez et al. [38].

Figure 8 .
Figure 8. Distribution map of associations in Italy.Map adapted from Blasi et al. [47].

Figure 8 .
Figure 8. Distribution map of associations in Italy.Map adapted from Blasi et al. [47].
, name corrections are made according to the Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature.The statistical study of 81 samples for Spain and Portugal and 101 for Italy and Greece allowed us to establish seven new syntaxa, six of which have association rank and one with subassociation rank.
Iar, or Tp.From the edaphic point of view, they seem to exclude soils rich in carbonates, with a clayey texture, or with a high pH.The species with these appetences are characteristic of the communities sampled in Italy, maintaining a certain relationship with AvGc.Species such as Centaurea napifolia, Calendula fulgida, Lotus ornithopodioides, and
-Ortiz et al. 2009, making it necessary to correct the name in all syntaxa (ICPN article 44) Anacyclo radiati-Glebionetum coronariae (Rivas-Martínez 1978) Cano-Ortiz et al. 2009 corr., since this association included the suballiance Resedo albae-Chrysanthemenion coronarii Cano Ortiz et al. 2014 and the alliance Malvion neglectae (Gutte 1966), whose name we now correct according to the newly established taxonomy Resedo albae-Glebionenion coronariae (Gutte 1966) Cano Ortiz et al. 2014 corr.Because Cano-Ortiz et al. [8] do not give the type for the suballiance, it is typified in this work, and we propose as typus Resedo albae-Glebionetum coronariae O. Bolòs & Molinier 1958 nom.corr.Indeed, due to the doubts raised about the taxonomy of G. coronaria, Cano et al. [19] carried out a taxonomic study on both Chrysanthemum coronarium var.concolor and var.discolor and distinguished the taxa of G. coronaria and G. discolor.Based on this new taxonomy, we establish a new syntaxonomy for the Glebionis s.l.communities being included in the suballiance Resedo albae-Glebionenion coronariae (Cano-Ortiz et al., 2014) nom.corr., which is subordinate to Malvion neglectae.However, these authors do not propose the type of the suballiance, so we designate as type the association Resedo albae-Glebionetum coronariae O. Bolòs & Molinier 1958 nom.corr.

Table 8 .
[10]tion and coordinates of the sampling points of the plant communities studied.The coordinates of the inventories of Portugual have not been included in this table because they have already been published previously in[10].