Ethylene and Sulfur Coordinately Modulate the Antioxidant System and ABA Accumulation in Mustard Plants under Salt Stress

Fatma, Mehar; Iqbal, Noushina; Gautam, Harsha; Sehar, Zebus; Sofo, Adriano; D’Ippolito, Ilaria; Khan, Nafees A.

doi:10.3390/plants10010180

Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Edit a Special Issue

Article Menu

...

Open AccessArticle

Ethylene and Sulfur Coordinately Modulate the Antioxidant System and ABA Accumulation in Mustard Plants under Salt Stress

¹,

¹,

^3,*

³ and

^1,*

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India

Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India

Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment and Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, Via Lanera, 20, 75100 Matera, Italy

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Plants 2021, 10(1), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010180

Received: 22 December 2020 / Revised: 10 January 2021 / Accepted: 14 January 2021 / Published: 19 January 2021

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Plant‒Soil Interactions)

View Full-Text Download PDF

Browse Figures

Citation Export

Abstract

This study explored the interactive effect of ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid; an ethylene source) and sulfur (S) in regulating the antioxidant system and ABA content and in maintaining stomatal responses, chloroplast structure, and photosynthetic performance of mustard plants (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) grown under 100 mM NaCl stress. The treatment of ethephon (200 µL L⁻¹) and S (200 mg S kg⁻¹ soil) together markedly improved the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, resulting in declined oxidative stress through lesser content of sodium (Na⁺) ion and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in salt-stressed plants_. These changes promoted the development of chloroplast thylakoids and photosynthetic performance under salt stress. Ethephon + S also reduced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in guard cell, leading to maximal stomatal conductance under salt stress. The inhibition of ethylene action by norbornadiene (NBD) in salt- plus non-stressed treated plants increased ABA and H₂O₂ contents, and reduced stomatal opening, suggesting the involvement of ethephon and S in regulating stomatal conductance. These findings suggest that ethephon and S modulate antioxidant system and ABA accumulation in guard cells, controlling stomatal conductance, and the structure and efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants under salt stress. View Full-Text

Keywords: antioxidant; ascorbate-glutathione; ethylene; photosynthesis; salt stress; sulfur

▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Supplementary Material

Supplementary File 1:
PDF-Document (PDF, 207 KiB)

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Fatma, M.; Iqbal, N.; Gautam, H.; Sehar, Z.; Sofo, A.; D’Ippolito, I.; Khan, N.A. Ethylene and Sulfur Coordinately Modulate the Antioxidant System and ABA Accumulation in Mustard Plants under Salt Stress. Plants 2021, 10, 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010180

AMA Style

Fatma M, Iqbal N, Gautam H, Sehar Z, Sofo A, D’Ippolito I, Khan NA. Ethylene and Sulfur Coordinately Modulate the Antioxidant System and ABA Accumulation in Mustard Plants under Salt Stress. Plants. 2021; 10(1):180. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010180

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fatma, Mehar, Noushina Iqbal, Harsha Gautam, Zebus Sehar, Adriano Sofo, Ilaria D’Ippolito, and Nafees A. Khan. 2021. "Ethylene and Sulfur Coordinately Modulate the Antioxidant System and ABA Accumulation in Mustard Plants under Salt Stress" Plants 10, no. 1: 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010180

Find Other Styles

Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Abstract views Pdf views Html views

Article Menu

Ethylene and Sulfur Coordinately Modulate the Antioxidant System and ABA Accumulation in Mustard Plants under Salt Stress

Abstract

Supplementary Material

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Article Access Map by Country/Region

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI