Non-Targeted UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals a Metabolic Shift from Glucose to Glutamine in CPB Cells during ISKNV Infection Cycle
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Quality Control of Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis
2.2. Identification of Differential Metabolites from ISKNV-Infected CPB Cells
2.3. Functional Annotation and Enrichment Analysis of Differential Metabolites
2.4. Analysis of Differential Metabolites Related to Glucose Metabolism
2.5. Analysis of Differential Metabolites Related to Amino Acid Metabolism
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cells and Viruses
4.2. Sample Acquisition
4.3. Sample Preparation
4.4. UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS Analysis
4.5. Data Analysis
4.6. Determination of Glucose Consumption in Supernatant
4.7. L-Glutamine and D-Asparate Replenishing Experiment
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Detection Mode | HILIC | HSS T3 |
---|---|---|
Positive ion | 8408 | 13,027 |
Negative ion | 4438 | 13,285 |
Total | 12,846 | 26,312 |
Detection Mode | HILIC | HSS T3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of PC | R2 (cum) | Q2 (cum) | Number of PC | R2 (cum) | Q2 (cum) | |
Positive ion | 3 | 0.9811 | 0.58625 | 4 | 0.99866 | 0.60266 |
Negative ion | 4 | 0.99984 | 0.49266 | 5 | 0.91667 | 0.6841 |
Time | Name | VIP | Fold Change | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
24 h | Eicosapentaenoic acid | 2.535 | 6.723 | 0.0058 * |
Phenol | 1.850 | 4.428 | 0.0203 * | |
Rutin | 2.019 | 4.307 | 0.0137 * | |
Tyramine | 2.083 | 4.233 | 0.0041 * | |
L-Phenylalanine | 1.783 | 3.481 | 0.0529 | |
Hypoxanthine | 2.320 | 2.949 | 0.0000 * | |
L-Glutamate | 1.154 | 2.721 | 0.0750 | |
Creatinine | 2.120 | 2.470 | 0.0000 * | |
N-Formylmethionine | 1.299 | 2.272 | 0.0111 * | |
2′-Deoxyguanosine 5′-monophosphate (dGMP) | 1.786 | 2.217 | 0.0361 * | |
alpha-Linolenic acid | 1.134 | 2.114 | 0.0164 * | |
L-Tryptophan | 1.677 | 2.102 | 0.0149 * | |
1.795 | 1.923 | 0.0023 * | ||
Phosphocreatine | 1.106 | 2.100 | 0.0914 | |
Inosine | 1.930 | 2.003 | 0.0010 * | |
Linoleic acid | 1.155 | 1.974 | 0.0030 * | |
Succinate | 1.745 | 1.939 | 0.0112 * | |
L-Tyrosine | 1.608 | 1.904 | 0.0082 * | |
1.870 | 3.430 | 0.0472 * | ||
Adenosine | 1.478 | 1.800 | 0.0144 * | |
L-Asparagine | 1.448 | 1.775 | 0.0229 * | |
Betaine | 1.574 | 1.772 | 0.0287 * | |
L-Histidine | 1.906 | 1.657 | 0.0573 | |
Acetyl-DL-Leucine | 1.691 | 1.643 | 0.0014 * | |
L-Norleucine | 1.670 | 1.624 | 0.0006 * | |
S-Methyl-5′-thioadenosine | 1.387 | 1.606 | 0.0008 * | |
Dopamine | 1.272 | 1.605 | 0.0326 * | |
Taurine | 1.268 | 1.582 | 0.0323 * | |
Indole | 1.236 | 1.536 | 0.0630 | |
Adenine | 1.053 | 1.423 | 0.0313 * | |
Maltotriose | 1.065 | 1.417 | 0.0365 * | |
N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid | 1.084 | 1.369 | 0.0036 * | |
1.833 | 2.434 | 0.0000 * | ||
D-Aspartic acid | 1.117 | 1.291 | 0.0359 * | |
Spermidine | 1.217 | 0.786 | 0.0345 * | |
GDP-mannose | 1.097 | 0.735 | 0.0220 * | |
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine | 1.300 | 0.667 | 0.0072 * | |
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP) | 1.127 | 0.666 | 0.0835 | |
Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDP-D-glucuronate) | 1.372 | 0.646 | 0.0052 * | |
Uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP) | 1.252 | 0.639 | 0.0365 * | |
myo-Inositol | 1.204 | 0.636 | 0.0001 * | |
sn-Glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine | 1.285 | 0.607 | 0.0003 * | |
UDP-D-Galactose | 1.573 | 0.592 | 0.0012 * | |
Guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP) | 1.325 | 0.567 | 0.0386 * | |
5′-Phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide (AICAR) | 1.044 | 0.561 | 0.0481 * | |
alpha-D-Glucose 1-phosphate | 1.301 | 0.529 | 0.0181 * | |
D-Mannose 1-phosphate | 1.188 | 0.517 | 0.0252 * | |
S-Adenosylmethionine | 1.795 | 0.488 | 0.0046 * | |
cis-Aconitate | 1.115 | 0.473 | 0.0913 | |
Cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) | 1.997 | 0.392 | 0.0057 * | |
Citrate | 1.463 | 0.371 | 0.0649 | |
Gutathione | 1.980 | 0.314 | 0.0326 * | |
72 h | D-Mannitol | 2.611 | 2.182 | 0.0021 * |
S-Methyl-5′-thioadenosine | 2.143 | 2.135 | 0.0142 * | |
1.627 | 1.411 | 0.0817 | ||
Guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP) | 2.066 | 2.072 | 0.0011 * | |
D-Proline | 2.028 | 2.051 | 0.0324 * | |
1.230 | 1.175 | 0.0232 * | ||
N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid | 2.262 | 1.946 | 0.0008 * | |
1.923 | 1.550 | 0.0005 * | ||
1.955 | 1.854 | 0.0036 * | ||
Pantothenate | 2.257 | 1.868 | 0.0202 * | |
1.252 | 1.211 | 0.0070 * | ||
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine | 1.970 | 1.709 | 0.0059 * | |
1.419 | 1.230 | 0.0936 | ||
S-Adenosylmethionine | 1.548 | 1.593 | 0.0596 | |
UDP-D-Galactose | 1.728 | 1.561 | 0.0164 * | |
S-Lactoylglutathione | 1.620 | 1.555 | 0.0847 | |
Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) | 1.586 | 1.490 | 0.0008 * | |
Acetyl-DL-Leucine | 1.370 | 1.452 | 0.0458 * | |
1.214 | 1.257 | 0.0707 | ||
N-Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) | 1.426 | 1.450 | 0.0657 | |
Argininosuccinic acid | 1.558 | 1.376 | 0.0000 * | |
alpha-D-Glucose 1-phosphate | 1.358 | 1.337 | 0.0391 * | |
Glycerol 3-phosphate | 1.190 | 1.325 | 0.0802 | |
Glycerophosphocholine | 1.210 | 1.300 | 0.0383 * | |
1.823 | 1.514 | 0.0039 * | ||
L-Phenylalanine | 1.353 | 1.273 | 0.0042 * | |
L-Methionine | 1.264 | 1.271 | 0.0062 * | |
1.100 | 1.144 | 0.0715 | ||
L-Histidine | 1.208 | 1.267 | 0.0592 | |
D-Aspartic acid | 1.207 | 1.264 | 0.0298 * | |
sn-Glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine | 1.143 | 1.254 | 0.0494 * | |
1.086 | 1.221 | 0.0983 | ||
L-Norleucine | 1.209 | 1.227 | 0.0267 * | |
Phosphocreatine | 1.343 | 1.215 | 0.0646 | |
1.097 | 1.157 | 0.0302 * | ||
Creatine | 1.239 | 1.212 | 0.0010 * | |
a-D-Galactose 1-phosphate | 1.188 | 1.169 | 0.0061 * | |
Sarcosine | 1.178 | 1.168 | 0.0024 * | |
L-Arginine | 1.098 | 0.784 | 0.0895 | |
L-Carnosine | 1.010 | 0.776 | 0.0912 | |
N6,N6,N6-Trimethyl-L-lysine | 1.368 | 0.729 | 0.0064 * | |
Citrate | 1.517 | 0.711 | 0.0980 | |
2′-Deoxyguanosine 5′-monophosphate (dGMP) | 1.160 | 0.703 | 0.0022 * | |
L-Proline | 1.421 | 0.686 | 0.0194 * | |
Myristic acid | 1.088 | 0.684 | 0.0370 * | |
Azelaic acid | 1.131 | 0.682 | 0.0401 * | |
Inosine | 1.903 | 0.635 | 0.0021 * | |
NG,NG-dimethyl-L-arginine(ADMA) | 1.691 | 0.630 | 0.0046 * | |
Creatinine | 1.846 | 0.582 | 0.0149 * | |
1.258 | 1.186 | 0.0012 * | ||
Tyramine | 2.186 | 0.567 | 0.0860 | |
2.556 | 0.325 | 0.0102 * | ||
Eicosapentaenoic acid | 1.496 | 0.552 | 0.0913 | |
Linoleic acid | 1.519 | 0.540 | 0.0937 | |
Betaine | 1.490 | 0.540 | 0.0626 | |
cis-9-Palmitoleic acid | 2.072 | 0.473 | 0.0205 * | |
Rutin | 1.965 | 0.437 | 0.0737 | |
Arachidonic Acid (peroxide free) | 1.858 | 0.432 | 0.0791 | |
trans-Vaccenic acid | 1.908 | 0.418 | 0.0600 | |
Hypoxanthine | 2.683 | 0.377 | 0.0025 * | |
Palmitic acid | 2.329 | 0.347 | 0.0214 * | |
Sphingosine | 2.057 | 0.178 | 0.0890 |
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Fu, X.; Guo, X.; Wu, S.; Lin, Q.; Liu, L.; Liang, H.; Niu, Y.; Li, N. Non-Targeted UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals a Metabolic Shift from Glucose to Glutamine in CPB Cells during ISKNV Infection Cycle. Metabolites 2019, 9, 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9090174
Fu X, Guo X, Wu S, Lin Q, Liu L, Liang H, Niu Y, Li N. Non-Targeted UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals a Metabolic Shift from Glucose to Glutamine in CPB Cells during ISKNV Infection Cycle. Metabolites. 2019; 9(9):174. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9090174
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu, Xiaozhe, Xixi Guo, Shiwei Wu, Qiang Lin, Lihui Liu, Hongru Liang, Yinjie Niu, and Ningqiu Li. 2019. "Non-Targeted UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals a Metabolic Shift from Glucose to Glutamine in CPB Cells during ISKNV Infection Cycle" Metabolites 9, no. 9: 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9090174