Sea Buckthorn Oil—A Valuable Source for Cosmeceuticals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Botanical Features
1.2. Methods for Obtaining the SB Oil
2. Sea Buckthorn Berries-Chemical Composition
3. Lipophilic Profile of SB Oil
3.1. Unsaturated Fatty Acids
3.2. Saturated Fatty Acids
3.3. Complex Lipids
3.3.1. Phospholipids and Glycolipids
3.3.2. Sterols
4. Internal Application of Sea Buckthorn Benefits for Human Health
5. External Application of Sea Buckthorn Benefits for Human Health
SB Oil in Cosmetics
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Common Name | Systematic Name | Content in wt % | General Formula | Numerical Symbol | Omega Family |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
saturated fatty acids | |||||
palmitic acid | hexadecanoic acid | 30–33 | CH3(CH2)14COOH | C16:0 | - |
stearic acid | octadecanoic acid | <1 | CH3(CH2)16COOH | C18:0 | - |
unsaturated fatty acids | |||||
palmitoleic acid | (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid | 30–35 | C16H30O2 | C16:1 | 7 |
oleic acid | (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid | 14–18 | C18H34O2 | C18:1 | 9 |
linoleic acid (LA) | (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid | 5–7 | C18H32O2 | C18:2 | 6 |
α-linolenic acid (ALA) | (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15- octadecatrienoic acid | 30 | C18H30O2 | C18:3 | 3 |
γ-linolenic acid (GLA) | (Z,Z,Z)-6,9,12- octadecatrienoic acid | 35 | C18H30O2 | C18:3 | 6 |
gondoic acid | (Z)-11-eicosenoic acid | 2 | C20H38O2 | C20:1 | 9 |
Oil Components | Extraction Method | ||
---|---|---|---|
Screw Press | Aqueous | ||
Seed oil | fatty acids | similar concentrations for most fatty acids | |
tocopherols | low | n/a * | |
carotenoids | low | n/a | |
sterols | high | n/a | |
Pulp oil | fatty acids | similar concentrations for most fatty acids | |
tocopherols | n/a | high | |
carotenoids | n/a | high | |
sterols | n/a | low |
Micronutrients | Macronutrients | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
potassium | magnesium | calcium | iron | zinc | manganese | copper | nickel |
168–219 | 8.3–9.5 | 5–7.2 | 1.24 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.006 | 0.015 |
affects muscle spasms | with calcium is responsible for the proper functioning of the nervous system | for the proper functioning of the muscular system | component of hemoglobin, myoglobin and coenzymes many enzymes involved, among others, in the formation of ATP | participates in various stages of protein biosynthesis, ingredient of insulin (also plays an important role in the storage of the pancreas), regulates the concentration of vitamin A is used in the formation of bone, stimulates growth and tissue repair (wound healing) | necessary for proper development of tissue (especially bone) and for the functioning of the central nervous system | cofactor of many enzymes | component of urease - an enzyme decomposing urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide |
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Koskovac, M.; Cupara, S.; Kipic, M.; Barjaktarevic, A.; Milovanovic, O.; Kojicic, K.; Markovic, M. Sea Buckthorn Oil—A Valuable Source for Cosmeceuticals. Cosmetics 2017, 4, 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics4040040
Koskovac M, Cupara S, Kipic M, Barjaktarevic A, Milovanovic O, Kojicic K, Markovic M. Sea Buckthorn Oil—A Valuable Source for Cosmeceuticals. Cosmetics. 2017; 4(4):40. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics4040040
Chicago/Turabian StyleKoskovac, Marijana, Snezana Cupara, Mihailo Kipic, Ana Barjaktarevic, Olivera Milovanovic, Ksenija Kojicic, and Marija Markovic. 2017. "Sea Buckthorn Oil—A Valuable Source for Cosmeceuticals" Cosmetics 4, no. 4: 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics4040040
APA StyleKoskovac, M., Cupara, S., Kipic, M., Barjaktarevic, A., Milovanovic, O., Kojicic, K., & Markovic, M. (2017). Sea Buckthorn Oil—A Valuable Source for Cosmeceuticals. Cosmetics, 4(4), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics4040040