The Combination of Low-Frequency Ultrasound and Antibiotics Improves the Killing of In Vitro Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Strains and Growth Conditions
2.2. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
2.3. Filter-Biofilms
2.4. Ultrasound Patches
2.5. Experimental Setup for Ultrasound Stimulation
2.6. Experimental Setup with Ultrasound Patches
2.7. Colony-Forming Units Per Milliliter (CFU/mL)
2.8. Measurement of Temperature
2.9. The combined Effect of Temperature and Antibiotics on the Viability
2.10. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. A synergistic Effect Was Observed between Ultrasound and Antibiotic Treatment
3.2. Heat Was Created during Ultrasound Treatment
3.3. The Increase in Heat Could Not Explain the Combined Effect of Ultrasound and Antibiotics
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings
4.2. Limitations and Strengths
4.3. Future Perspectives
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Log-Reduction | % Reduction | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Ultrasound + colistin 2-hour | 1.78 ± 0.63 | 98.34% | 0.003 |
Ultrasound + colistin 4-hour | 3.77 ± 0.22 | 99.98% | <0.001 |
Ultrasound + ciprofloxacin 2-hour | 1.49 ± 0.37 | 96.76% | 0.001 |
Ultrasound + ciprofloxacin 4-hour | 2.26 ± 0.25 | 99.45% | <0.001 |
Ultrasound + fusidic acid 2-hour | 1.19 ± 0.33 | 93.54% | 0.016 |
Ultrasound + fusidic acid 4-hour | 1.37 ± 0.47 | 95.73% | 0.007 |
Ultrasound + clindamycin 2-hour | 1.02 ± 0.23 | 90.45% | 0.006 |
Ultrasound + clindamycin 4-hour | 1.54 ± 0.22 | 97.12% | <0.001 |
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Kvich, L.; Christensen, M.H.; Pierchala, M.K.; Astafiev, K.; Lou-Moeller, R.; Bjarnsholt, T. The Combination of Low-Frequency Ultrasound and Antibiotics Improves the Killing of In Vitro Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111494
Kvich L, Christensen MH, Pierchala MK, Astafiev K, Lou-Moeller R, Bjarnsholt T. The Combination of Low-Frequency Ultrasound and Antibiotics Improves the Killing of In Vitro Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. Antibiotics. 2022; 11(11):1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111494
Chicago/Turabian StyleKvich, Lasse, Mads H. Christensen, Malgorzata K. Pierchala, Konstantin Astafiev, Rasmus Lou-Moeller, and Thomas Bjarnsholt. 2022. "The Combination of Low-Frequency Ultrasound and Antibiotics Improves the Killing of In Vitro Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms" Antibiotics 11, no. 11: 1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111494