Use of Causal Language in Studies on the Relationship between Spiritually-Based Treatments and Substance Abuse and Relapse Prevention
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Role of Methodological Design in Causal Inferences
1.2. Questionable Research Practices and Causal Language
1.3. An Applied Setting: Spirituality, Religion, and Substance Abuse
2. Methods
2.1. Eligibility Criteria
2.2. Information Sources
2.3. Search Strategy
2.4. Selection Process
2.5. Data Collection Process
2.6. Determination of Causal Language
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Study Characteristics
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
4.2. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tendentious | Incorrect |
---|---|
“…hardiness may be a protective factor for individuals with substance abuse…” | “Objective: To determine the impact of length of stay …” |
“It is possible that mindfulness-based interventions may have the concurrent benefit of reducing substance use…” | “Faith-based programs play a vital role in the treatment of substance use disorders.” |
“Mindfulness-based interventions may hold promise as an effective intervention for reducing substance use…” | “…is a healthy sign that Shalom Recovery’s treatment protocol is having a positive and therapeutic effect…” |
“…youths with low service, with or without high love, were more likely to relapse than…” | “The study shows that religion and spiritual teachings specifically Sufi techniques are important to the rehabilitation of drug addicts.” |
“…it is likely that Step-work played a key role in fostering change.” | “The study also concludes that Sufi Healing Therapy Model are effective to be used on drug addicts…” |
“…Spiritual virtue as a pathway towards […] recovery…” | “…NA meeting produce more positive effect toward relapse prevention…” |
“…suggests interventions […] may improve relapse prevention…” | “The role of spirituality in the decrease of state anxiety indicates acute beneficial effect”. |
“…interventions applying spirituality could help relapse prevention…” | “…attending NA meeting once a week gave a significant change…” |
“Religious involvement may be important for prevention and treatment practices…” | “The impact of length of stay on recovery measures…” |
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Sánchez-Iglesias, I.; González-Castaño, M.; Molina, A.J. Use of Causal Language in Studies on the Relationship between Spiritually-Based Treatments and Substance Abuse and Relapse Prevention. Religions 2021, 12, 1075. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121075
Sánchez-Iglesias I, González-Castaño M, Molina AJ. Use of Causal Language in Studies on the Relationship between Spiritually-Based Treatments and Substance Abuse and Relapse Prevention. Religions. 2021; 12(12):1075. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121075
Chicago/Turabian StyleSánchez-Iglesias, Iván, Marta González-Castaño, and Antonio J. Molina. 2021. "Use of Causal Language in Studies on the Relationship between Spiritually-Based Treatments and Substance Abuse and Relapse Prevention" Religions 12, no. 12: 1075. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121075