National Trends in Prevalence of Depression in Men and Women with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalized in Spain, 2016–2020
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Statistical Analysis
2.2. Ethics
3. Results
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acute myocardial infarction, n (%) | Men | 397 (2.88) | 465 (2.92) | 481 (2.81) | 518 (2.91) | 418 (2.78) | 0.925 |
Women | 155 (9.65) | 172(9.2) | 181 (8.57) | 196 (8.77) | 198 (10.16) | 0.406 | |
Congestive heart failure, n (%) | Men | 1347 (3.08) | 1444 (3.08) | 1314 (2.68) | 1435 (2.89) | 1079 (2.69) | <0.001 |
Women | 1324 (11.48) | 1332 (10.85) | 1153 (9.03) | 1243 (9.41) | 995 (9.31) | <0.001 | |
Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | Men | 635 (3.19) | 732 (3.35) | 614 (2.8) | 705 (3.05) | 581 (2.92) | 0.008 |
Women | 208 (12.11) | 209 (11.58) | 207 (10.51) | 209 (9.19) | 218 (10.4) | 0.029 | |
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | Men | 603 (4.51) | 628 (4.3) | 532 (3.64) | 615 (4.1) | 479 (3.73) | 0.001 |
Women | 300 (12.2) | 349 (13.1) | 312 (10.91) | 333 (11.26) | 331 (12.72) | 0.058 | |
Diabetes, n (%) | Men | 1911 (3.27) | 2085 (3.27) | 1914 (2.9) | 2044 (3.1) | 1696 (3.13) | <0.001 |
Women | 1465 (12.26) | 1611 (12.25) | 1342 (10.15) | 1408 (10.35) | 1119 (10.37) | <0.001 | |
Renal disease, n (%) | Men | 1115 (3.16) | 1220 (3.12) | 1092 (2.67) | 1234 (2.98) | 943 (2.69) | <0.001 |
Women | 621 (9.59) | 746 (10.12) | 671 (8.76) | 715 (8.95) | 608 (9.23) | 0.035 | |
Cancer, n (%) | Men | 1007 (2.98) | 1041 (2.93) | 950 (2.61) | 981 (2.65) | 817 (2.61) | 0.002 |
Women | 360 (9.36) | 450 (10.07) | 456 (9.29) | 460 (8.86) | 441 (9.26) | 0.371 | |
Liver disease, n (%) | Men | 586 (4.13) | 712 (4.54) | 653 (3.8) | 665 (3.78) | 569 (3.78) | 0.001 |
Women | 332 (14.91) | 381 (14.34) | 375 (12.53) | 410 (11.86) | 369 (12.92) | 0.004 | |
Pneumonia, n (%) | Men | 729 (3.47) | 768 (3.44) | 757 (3.33) | 735 (3.4) | 529 (3.29) | 0.859 |
Women | 491 (12.65) | 533 (12.53) | 484 (10.38) | 469 (10.16) | 346 (10.42) | <0.001 | |
Obesity, n (%) | Men | 840 (4.1) | 840 (3.64) | 871 (3.64) | 833 (3.37) | 703 (3.32) | <0.001 |
Women | 1196 (15.13) | 1333 (15.01) | 1189 (12.83) | 1197 (12.41) | 978 (12.55) | <0.001 | |
Asthma, n (%) | Men | 106 (3.64) | 143 (3.72) | 153 (3.3) | 186 (4.06) | 172 (4.13) | 0.240 |
Women | 393 (11.09) | 490 (11.34) | 561 (10.71) | 584 (11.26) | 404 (10.73) | 0.809 | |
Obstructive sleep apnea, n (%) | Men | 964 (4.19) | 1045 (3.95) | 1037 (3.68) | 1004 (3.44) | 814 (3.33) | <0.001 |
Women | 651 (15.97) | 682 (14.18) | 590 (11.51) | 656 (12.04) | 538 (12.2) | <0.001 | |
Oxygen prior to hospital admission, n (%) | Men | 919 (4.2) | 915 (3.89) | 907 (3.77) | 868 (3.68) | 583 (3.44) | 0.002 |
Women | 752 (13.33) | 828 (13.29) | 795 (11.47) | 848 (11.63) | 654 (12.14) | 0.001 | |
Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | Men | 175 (2.75) | 213 (3.05) | 260 (3.15) | 271 (3.25) | 199 (2.64) | 0.122 |
Women | 199 (11.72) | 248 (12.08) | 340 (12.77) | 315 (11.01) | 243 (10.73) | 0.155 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Lozano, R.; Naghavi, M.; Foreman, K.; Lim, S.; Shibuya, K.; Aboyans, V.; Abraham, J.; Adair, T.; Aggarwal, R.; Ahn, S.Y.; et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012, 380, 2095–2128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Siraj, R.A.; McKeever, T.M.; Gibson, J.E.; Bolton, C.E. Incidence of depression and antidepressant prescription in patients with COPD: A large UK population-based cohort study. Respir. Med. 2022, 196, 106804. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Matte, D.L.; Pizzichini, M.M.; Hoepers, A.T.; Diaz, A.P.; Karloh, M.; Dias, M.; Pizzichini, E. Prevalence of depression in COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies. Respir. Med. 2016, 117, 154–161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, M.W.; Ho, R.C.; Cheung, M.W.; Fu, E.; Mak, A. Prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 2011, 33, 217–223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pooler, A.; Beech, R. Examining the relationship between anxiety and depression and exacerbations of COPD which result in hospital admission: A systematic review. Int. J. Chronic Obs. Pulm. Dis. 2014, 9, 315–330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Maurer, J.; Rebbapragada, V.; Borson, S.; Goldstein, R.; Kunik, M.E.; Yohannes, A.M.; Hanania, N.A. ACCP Workshop Panel on Anxiety and Depression in COPD. Anxiety and depression in COPD: Current understanding, unanswered questions, and research needs. Chest 2008, 134, 43S–56S. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Pumar, M.I.; Gray, C.R.; Walsh, J.R.; Yang, I.A.; Rolls, T.A.; Ward, D.L. Anxiety and depression-Important psychological comorbidities of COPD. J. Thorac. Dis. 2014, 6, 1615–1631. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Salte, K.; Titlestad, I.; Halling, A. Depression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—A systematic review. Dan. Med. J. 2015, 62, A5137. [Google Scholar]
- Strollo, H.C.; Nouraie, S.M.; Hoth, K.F.; Riley, C.M.; Karoleski, C.; Zhang, Y.; Hanania, N.A.; Bowler, R.P.; Bon, J.; Sciurba, F.C. Association of Systemic Inflammation with Depressive Symptoms in Individuals with COPD. Int. J. Chronic Obs. Pulm. Dis. 2021, 16, 2515–2522. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Blakemore, A.; Dickens, C.; Chew-Graham, C.A.; Afzal, C.W.; Tomenson, B.; Coventry, P.A.; Guthrie, E. Depression predicts emergency care use in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A large cohort study in primary care. Int. J. Chronic Obs. Pulm. Dis. 2019, 14, 1343–1353. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Jordan, N.; Lee, T.A.; Valenstein, M.; Pirraglia, P.A.; Weiss, K.B. Effect of depression care on outcomes in COPD patients with depression. Chest 2009, 135, 626–632. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Choi, J.S.; Kwak, S.H.; Son, N.H.; Oh, J.W.; Lee, S.; Lee, E.H. Sex differences in risk factors for depressive symptoms in patients with COPD: The 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMC Pulm. Med. 2021, 21, 180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vikjord, S.A.A.; Brumpton, B.M.; Mai, X.M.; Vanfleteren, L.; Langhammer, A. The association of anxiety and depression with mortality in a COPD cohort. The HUNT study, Norway. Respir. Med. 2020, 171, 106089. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social. Spanish Register of Specialized Care-Basic Minimum Database [Registro de Actividad de Atención Especializada. RAE-CMBD]. Available online: https://www.mscbs.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/cmbdhome.htm (accessed on 2 July 2022).
- Quan, H.; Sundararajan, V.; Halfon, P.; Fong, A.; Burnand, B.; Luthi, J.C.; Saunders, L.D.; Beck, C.A.; Feasby, T.E.; Ghali, W.A. Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data. Med. Care. 2005, 43, 1130–1139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social. Solicitud de Extracción de Datos—Extraction Request (Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database). Available online: https://www.mscbs.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/estadisticas/estMinisterio/SolicitudCMBDdocs/2018_Formulario_Peticion_Datos_RAE_CMBD.pdf (accessed on 5 April 2022).
- Di Marco, F.; Verga, M.; Reggente, M.; Maria Casanova, F.; Santus, P.; Blasi, F.; Allegra, L.; Centanni, S. Anxiety and depression in COPD patients: The roles of gender and disease severity. Respir. Med. 2006, 100, 1767–1774. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Schane, R.E.; Walter, L.C.; Dinno, A.; Covinsky, K.E.; Woodruff, P.G. Prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 2008, 23, 1757–1762. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Schneider, C.; Jick, S.S.; Bothner, U.; Meier, C.R. COPD and the risk of depression. Chest 2010, 137, 341–347. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fuentes-Alonso, M.; Lopez-Herranz, M.; López-de-Andrés, A.; Ji, Z.; Jiménez-García, R.; Maestre-Miquel, C.; Zamorano-León, J.J.; Jimenez-Trujillo, I.; de Miguel-Diez, J. Prevalence and Determinants of Mental Health among COPD Patients in a Population-Based Sample in Spain. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2786. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Minh, H.V.; Byass, P.; Chuc, N.T.K.; Wall, S. Gender differences in prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of hypertension: Findings from the WHO STEPs survey in a rural community of Vietnam. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2006, 20, 109–115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Laurin, C.; Lavoie, K.L.; Bacon, S.L.; Dupuis, G.; Lacoste, G.; Cartier, A.; Labrecque, M. Sex differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and psychological distress in patients with COPD. Chest 2007, 132, 148–155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, D.; Zhao, X.; Huang, D.; Dai, Z.; Chen, M.; Li, D.; Wu, B. Outcomes associated with comorbid anxiety and depression among patients with stable COPD: A patient registry study in China. J. Affect. Disord. 2022, 313, 77–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ghaemi Kerahrodi, J.; Brähler, E.; Wiltink, J.; Michal, M.; Schulz, A.; Wild, P.S.; Münzel, T.; Toenges, G.; Lackner, K.J.; Pfeiffer, N.; et al. Association between medicated obstructive pulmonary disease, depression and subjective health: Results from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 20252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Zhao, Z.; Zhang, D.; Sun, H.; Chang, D.; Lv, X.; Lin, J.; Liu, J.; Wu, X.; Hu, K.; Guo, X.; et al. Anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea: The overlap syndrome. Sleep Breath. 2021. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, P.; Chen, B.; Lou, H.; Zhu, Y.; Chen, P.; Dong, Z.; Zhu, X.; Li, T.; Lou, P. Predictors and outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China. BMC Pulm. Med. 2022, 22, 16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Heinzer, R.; Vat, S.; Marques-Vidal, P.; Marti-Soler, H.; Andries, D.; Tobback, N.; Mooser, V.; Preisig, M.; Malhotra, A.; Waeber, G.; et al. Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the general population: The HypnoLaus study. Lancet Respir. Med. 2015, 3, 310–318. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Van Manen, J.G.; Bindels, P.J.; Dekker, F.W.; IJzermans, C.J.; van der Zee, J.S.; Schadé, E. Risk of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its determinants. Thorax 2002, 57, 412–416. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hayashi, Y.; Senjyu, H.; Iguchi, A.; Iwai, S.; Kanada, R.; Honda, S.; Ozawa, H. Prevalence of depressive symptoms in Japanese male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2011, 65, 82–88. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- González-Gutiérrez, M.V.; Guerrero Velázquez, J.; Morales García, C.; Casas Maldonado, F.; Gómez Jiménez, F.J.; González Vargas, F. Predictive Model for Anxiety and Depression in Spanish Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Arch. Bronconeumol. 2016, 52, 151–157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barrueco-Otero, E.; Refoyo Matellán, B.; Martín Puente, J.; Viñado Mañes, C.; León Subias, E.; Olivera Pueyo, J.; Sancho Sanchez, C. Prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y diagnóstico de sospecha de depresión en pacientes con EPOC. [Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms, Predictive Factors, and Diagnosis of Suspicion of Depression in Patients with COPD]. Aten. Primaria 2022, 54, 102236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kessler, R.C.; Birnbaum, H.; Bromet, E.; Hwang, I.; Sampson, N.; Shahly, V. Age differences in major depression: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Psychol. Med. 2010, 40, 225–237. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tsai, T.Y.; Livneh, H.; Lu, M.C.; Tsai, P.Y.; Chen, P.C.; Sung, F.C. Increased risk and related factors of depression among patients with COPD: A population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 2013, 13, 976. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Miravitlles, M.; Molina, J.; Quintano, J.A.; Campuzano, A.; Pérez, J.; Roncero, C. Factors associated with depression and severe depression in patients with COPD. Respir. Med. 2014, 108, 1615–1625. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Docherty, J.P. Barriers to the diagnosis of depression in primary care. J. Clin. Psychiatry 1997, 58 (Suppl. S1), 5–10. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Menear, M.; Doré, I.; Cloutier, A.M.; Perrier, L.; Roberge, P.; Duhoux, A.; Houle, J.; Fournier, L. The influence of comorbid chronic physical conditions on depression recognition in primary care: A systematic review. J. Psychosom. Res. 2015, 78, 304–313. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sakamoto, Y.; Yamauchi, Y.; Yasunaga, H.; Takeshima, H.; Hasegawa, W.; Jo, T.; Sasabuchi, Y.; Matsui, H.; Fushimi, K.; Nagase, T. Development of a nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality of patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int. J. Chronic Obs. Pulm. Dis. 2017, 12, 1605–1611. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Meza, D.; Khuder, B.; Bailey, J.I.; Rosenberg, S.R.; Kalhan, R.; Reyfman, P.A. Mortality from COVID-19 in Patients with COPD: A US Study in the N3C Data Enclave. Int. J. Chronic Obs. Pulm. Dis. 2021, 16, 2323–2326. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spelta, F.; Fratta Pasini, A.M.; Cazzoletti, L.; Ferrari, M. Body weight and mortality in COPD: Focus on the obesity paradox. Eat. Weight Disord. 2018, 23, 15–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ozeke, O.; Ozer, C.; Gungor, M.; Celenk, M.K.; Dincer, H.; Ilicin, G. Chronic intermittent hypoxia caused by obstructive sleep apnea may play an important role in explaining the morbidity-mortality paradox of obesity. Med. Hypotheses 2011, 76, 61–63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Martínez-Gestoso, S.; García-Sanz, M.T.; Carreira, J.M.; Salgado, F.J.; Calvo-Álvarez, U.; Doval-Oubiña, L.; Camba-Matos, S.; Peleteiro-Pedraza, L.; González-Pérez, M.A.; Penela-Penela, P.; et al. Impact of anxiety and depression on the prognosis of COPD exacerbations. BMC Pulm. Med. 2022, 22, 169. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- de Voogd, J.N.; Wempe, J.B.; Koëter, G.H.; Postema, K.; van Sonderen, E.; Ranchor, A.V.; Coyne, J.C.; Sanderman, R. Depressive symptoms as predictors of mortality in patients with COPD. Chest 2009, 135, 619–625. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lou, P.; Zhu, Y.; Chen, P.; Zhang, P.; Yu, J.; Wang, Y.; Chen, N.; Zhang, L.; Wu, H.; Zhao, J. Interaction of depressive and anxiety symptoms on the mortality of patients with COPD: A preliminary study. COPD 2014, 11, 444–450. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pino, E.C.; Zuo, Y.; Borba, C.P.; Henderson, D.C.; Kalesan, B. Clinical depression and anxiety among ST-elevation myocardial infarction hospitalizations: Results from Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2004–2013. Psychiatry Res. 2018, 266, 291–300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vin-Raviv, N.; Akinyemiju, T.F.; Galea, S.; Bovbjerg, D.H. Depression and Anxiety Disorders among Hospitalized Women with Breast Cancer. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0129169. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Akhtar-Danesh, N.; Landeen, J. Relation between depression and sociodemographic factors. Int. J. Ment. Health Syst. 2007, 1, 4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | p-Value Trend | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COPD patients, n | 228,055 | 239,767 | 246,376 | 241,483 | 195,128 | |
Depression, n | 11,608 | 12,372 | 11,284 | 11,398 | 9132 | |
Depression, prevalence | 5.09 | 5.16 | 4.58 | 4.72 | 4.68 | <0.001 |
Men, n (%) | 6326 (54.5) | 6675 (53.95) | 6134 (54.36) | 6263 (54.95) | 4975 (54.48) | 0.659 |
Women, n (%) | 5282 (45.5) | 5697 (46.05) | 5150 (45.64) | 5135 (45.05) | 4157 (45.52) | |
Age, mean (SD) | 73.29 (11.53) | 73.35 (11.56) | 73.24 (11.45) | 73.67 (11.58) | 73.70 (11.57) | 0.004 |
40–59 years, n (%) | 1646 (7.68) | 1739 (7.88) | 1510 (6.45) | 1498 (6.61) | 1194 (6.72) | <0.001 |
60–69 years, n (%) | 2581 (5.95) | 2805 (6.14) | 2676 (5.5) | 2589 (5.44) | 2093 (5.35) | <0.001 |
70–79 years, n (%) | 3283 (4.55) | 3474 (4.64) | 3157 (4.1) | 3209 (4.13) | 2622 (4.16) | <0.001 |
≥80 years, n (%) | 4098 (4.51) | 4354 (4.49) | 3941 (4.06) | 4102 (4.38) | 3223 (4.28) | <0.001 |
CCI, mean (SD) | 2.69 (1.84) | 2.74 (1.87) | 2.73 (1.86) | 2.86 (1.94) | 2.97 (2.02) | <0.001 |
Depression first diagnosis, n (%) | 88 (0.76) | 83 (0.67) | 71 (0.63) | 58 (0.51) | 51 (0.56) | 0.147 |
LOHS, median (IQR) | 6 (7) | 6 (8) | 6 (6) | 6 (7) | 6 (8) | 0.982 |
IHM, n (%) | 695 (5.99) | 764 (6.18) | 702 (6.22) | 724 (6.35) | 762 (8.34) | <0.001 |
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Depression, n (Prevalence) | 6326 (3.42) | 6675 (3.45) | 6134 (3.11) | 6263 (3.25) | 4975 (3.19) | 0.274 |
Age, mean (SD) | 74.11 (10.82) | 74.27 (11) | 74.05 (10.93) | 74.64 (11.12) | 74.7 (11.22) | 0.002 | |
40–59 years, n (%) | 688 (4.69) | 769 (5.09) | 687 (4.28) | 686 (4.45) | 548 (4.47) | <0.001 | |
60–69 years, n (%) | 1387 (3.96) | 1388 (3.85) | 1322 (3.51) | 1265 (3.49) | 986 (3.31) | <0.001 | |
70–79 years, n (%) | 1927 (3.12) | 2029 (3.19) | 1864 (2.87) | 1886 (2.9) | 1564 (2.95) | <0.001 | |
≥80 years, n (%) | 2324 (3.16) | 2489 (3.17) | 2261 (2.87) | 2426 (3.2) | 1877 (3.08) | <0.001 | |
CCI, mean (SD) | 2.96 (1.97) | 3.01 (1.99) | 2.98 (1.93) | 3.14 (2.06) | 3.2 (2.09) | <0.001 | |
Depression first diagnosis, n (%) | 48 (0.76) | 58 (0.87) | 48 (0.78) | 35 (0.56) | 32 (0.64) | 0.273 | |
LOHS, median (IQR) | 6 (7) | 6 (8) | 6 (7) | 6 (7) | 6 (8) | 0.897 | |
IHM, n (%) | 420 (6.64) | 478 (7.16) | 448 (7.3) | 473 (7.55) | 490 (9.85) | <0.001 | |
Women | Depression, n (Prevalence) | 5282 (12.27) | 5697 (12.28) | 5150 (10.58) | 5135 (10.46) | 4157 (10.56) | <0.001 |
Age, mean (SD) | 72.31 (12.25) | 72.28 (12.1) | 72.26 (11.96) | 72.49 (12.02) | 72.49 (11.87) | 0.779 | |
40–59 years, n (%) | 958 (14.21) | 970 (13.95) | 823 (11.14) | 812 (11.21) | 646 (11.72) | <0.001 | |
60–69 years, n (%) | 1194 (14.26) | 1417 (14.62) | 1354 (12.3) | 1324 (11.65) | 1107 (11.87) | <0.001 | |
70–79 years, n (%) | 1356 (12.88) | 1445 (12.87) | 1293 (10.83) | 1323 (10.47) | 1058 (10.51) | <0.001 | |
≥80 years, n (%) | 1774 (10.2) | 1865 (10.07) | 1680 (9.16) | 1676 (9.38) | 1346 (9.31) | <0.001 | |
CCI, mean (SD) | 2.38 (1.61) | 2.43 (1.67) | 2.44 (1.73) | 2.52 (1.73) | 2.7 (1.89) | <0.001 | |
Depression first diagnosis, n (%) | 40 (0.76) | 25 (0.44) | 23 (0.45) | 23 (0.45) | 19 (0.46) | 0.094 | |
LOHS, median (IQR) | 6 (7) | 6 (7) | 6 (6) | 6 (6) | 6 (7) | 0.553 | |
IHM, n (%) | 275 (5.21) | 286 (5.02) | 254 (4.93) | 251 (4.89) | 272 (6.54) | 0.002 |
IHM MEN | IHM WOMEN | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Without Depression | With Depression | p-Value | Without Depression | With Depression | p-Value | |
Acute myocardial infarction, n (%) | 7037 (9.1) | 177 (7.77) | 0.029 | 856 (9.65) | 71 (7.87) | 0.082 |
Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 25,250 (11.33) | 708 (10.7) | 0.111 | 6262 (11.5) | 499 (8.25) | <0.001 |
Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 8976 (8.68) | 258 (7.9) | 0.117 | 817 (9.27) | 72 (6.85) | 0.010 |
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 8479 (12.56) | 313 (10.96) | 0.011 | 1624 (13.63) | 153 (9.42) | <0.001 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 24,156 (8.09) | 734 (7.61) | 0.088 | 4432 (7.95) | 382 (5.5) | <0.001 |
Renal disease, n (%) | 21,182 (11.37) | 548 (9.78) | <0.001 | 3852 (11.77) | 276 (8.21) | <0.001 |
Cancer, n (%) | 24,239 (14.32) | 678 (14.14) | 0.725 | 2887 (13.74) | 245 (11.31) | 0.002 |
Liver disease, n (%) | 6912 (9.03) | 192 (6.03) | <0.001 | 902 (7.32) | 95 (5.09) | <0.001 |
Pneumonia, n (%) | 12,043 (12.02) | 406 (11.54) | 0.391 | 1833 (9.96) | 170 (7.32) | <0.001 |
Obesity, n (%) | 6477 (5.93) | 225 (5.51) | 0.261 | 2287 (6.08) | 274 (4.65) | <0.001 |
Asthma, n (%) | 1120 (5.78) | 47 (6.18) | 0.639 | 1163 (5.93) | 122 (5.02) | 0.071 |
Obstructive sleep apnea, n (%) | 7797 (6.16) | 246 (5.06) | 0.002 | 1195 (5.76) | 121 (3.88) | <0.001 |
Oxygen prior to hospital admission, n (%) | 11,460 (10.84) | 388 (9.26) | 0.001 | 2747 (9.95) | 298 (7.69) | <0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 9562 (26.3) | 247 (22.09) | 0.002 | 2077 (20.37) | 184 (13.68) | <0.001 |
Presence of Depression | IHM among Patients with COPD and Depression | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | Both Sexes | Men | Women | Both Sexes | |
OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
Year 2016 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Year 2017 | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1 (0.96–1.04) | 1.01 (0.98–1.03) | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 0.94 (0.79–1.12) | 1.02 (0.91–1.13) |
Year 2018 | 0.9 (0.87–0.94) | 0.84 (0.81–0.87) | 0.88 (0.85–0.9) | 1.07 (0.92–1.23) | 0.86 (0.72–1.02) | 0.98 (0.88–1.1) |
Year2019 | 0.95 (0.92–0.99) | 0.83 (0.79–0.86) | 0.9 (0.87–0.92) | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 0.83 (0.69–1) | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) |
Year 2020 | 0.94 (0.9–0.97) | 0.84 (0.81–0.88) | 0.9 (0.87–0.92) | 1.43 (1.25–1.65) | 1.13 (0.94–1.35) | 1.31 (1.17–1.46) |
Age, 40–59 years | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Age, 60–69 years | 0.78 (0.75–0.82) | 1.04 (1–1.09) | 0.91 (0.89–0.94) | 1.65 (1.32–2.06) | 1.36 (1.06–1.74) | 1.52 (1.29–1.79) |
Age, 70–79 years | 0.65 (0.62–0.67) | 0.92 (0.88–0.96) | 0.77 (0.74–0.79) | 2.32 (1.88–2.86) | 2.15 (1.7–2.71) | 2.26 (1.93–2.63) |
Age, ≥80 years | 0.67 (0.64–0.69) | 0.77 (0.74–0.8) | 0.73 (0.71–0.75) | 3.85 (3.14–4.72) | 4.21 (3.39–5.22) | 3.99 (3.44–4.63) |
CCI | 0.97 (0.97–0.98) | 0.95 (0.95–0.96) | 0.9 6(0.96–0.97) | 1.2 6(1.24–1.29) | 1.31 (1.27–1.34) | 1.28 (1.26–1.3) |
Pneumonia | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 1.57 (1.4–1.77) | 1.41 (1.19–1.68) | 1.52 (1.38–1.67) |
Obesity | 1.04 (1–1.08) | 1.27 (1.23–1.31) | 1.16 (1.13–1.19) | 0.76 (0.65–0.88) | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) | 0.81 (0.73–0.89) |
Asthma | 1.11 (1.03–1.2) | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 0.95 (0.7–1.3) | 0.98 (0.8–1.19) | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) |
Obstructive sleep apnea | 1.12 (1.08–1.16) | 1.08 (1.04–1.13) | 1.1 (1.07–1.13) | 0.67 (0.58–0.77) | 0.67 (0.55–0.82) | 0.67 (0.6–0.76) |
Oxygen prior to hospital admission | 1.21 (1.17–1.25) | 1.13 (1.09–1.17) | 1.17 (1.14–1.2) | 1.27 (1.12–1.43) | 1.48 (1.29–1.7) | 1.35 (1.23–1.48) |
Mechanical ventilation | 0.84 (0.79–0.9) | 0.95 (0.9–1.01) | 0.9 (0.86–0.94) | 5.17 (4.41–6.06) | 4.51 (3.77–5.4) | 4.84 (4.3–5.45) |
Female | 3.54 (3.48–3.6) | 0.81 (0.76–0.88) |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
de Miguel-Díez, J.; Lopez-de-Andres, A.; Jimenez-Garcia, R.; de Miguel-Yanes, J.M.; Hernández-Barrera, V.; Carabantes-Alarcon, D.; Zamorano-Leon, J.J.; Noriega, C. National Trends in Prevalence of Depression in Men and Women with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalized in Spain, 2016–2020. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 6337. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216337
de Miguel-Díez J, Lopez-de-Andres A, Jimenez-Garcia R, de Miguel-Yanes JM, Hernández-Barrera V, Carabantes-Alarcon D, Zamorano-Leon JJ, Noriega C. National Trends in Prevalence of Depression in Men and Women with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalized in Spain, 2016–2020. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(21):6337. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216337
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Miguel-Díez, Javier, Ana Lopez-de-Andres, Rodrigo Jimenez-Garcia, Jose M. de Miguel-Yanes, Valentin Hernández-Barrera, David Carabantes-Alarcon, Jose J. Zamorano-Leon, and Concepcion Noriega. 2022. "National Trends in Prevalence of Depression in Men and Women with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalized in Spain, 2016–2020" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 21: 6337. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216337
APA Stylede Miguel-Díez, J., Lopez-de-Andres, A., Jimenez-Garcia, R., de Miguel-Yanes, J. M., Hernández-Barrera, V., Carabantes-Alarcon, D., Zamorano-Leon, J. J., & Noriega, C. (2022). National Trends in Prevalence of Depression in Men and Women with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalized in Spain, 2016–2020. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(21), 6337. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216337