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Article

Fabrication and Physicochemical Study of B2SA-Grafted Poly(vinyl Alcohol)–Graphene Hybrid Membranes for Dehydration of Bioethanol by Pervaporation

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Department of Chemistry, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India
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Center for Material Science, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India
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Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST) Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Anastasia Penkova
Membranes 2021, 11(2), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020110
Received: 26 December 2020 / Revised: 23 January 2021 / Accepted: 26 January 2021 / Published: 4 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development, Investigation and Application of Novel Polymer Membranes)
Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS)-crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution was prepared and treated with benzaldehyde 2 sulphonic sodium salt acid (B2SA) for sulfonation. Different contents of graphene were incorporated into B2SA-grafted PVA–TEOS hybrid membrane to improve the membrane stability, mechanical strength, and overall pervaporation performance of the membranes. Membranes were fabricated using the casting technique. Developed membranes were then analyzed for their physicochemical changes by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle analysis (CA), and mechanical strength. The lower d-spacing value observed in WAXD was evidence for the decreased inter-chain distance between the polymer chains. DSC exhibited the enhanced thermal stability of the developed membranes compared to the plane PVA membrane with enhancement in Tg value (106 °C), which was well above the pervaporation experimental temperature. Incorporation of graphene induced higher mechanical strength to the fabricated membranes. Further, the membranes were tested for the pervaporation separation of bioethanol. All the membranes were stable throughout the pervaporation studies, with M-2 G showing the total permeation flux of 11.66 × 10−2 kg/(m2 h) at 30 °C. View Full-Text
Keywords: poly(vinyl alcohol); B2SA; graphene; bioethanol; pervaporation poly(vinyl alcohol); B2SA; graphene; bioethanol; pervaporation
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MDPI and ACS Style

Kalahal, P.B.; Kulkarni, A.S.; Sajjan, A.M.; Khan, T.M.Y.; Anjum Badruddin, I.; Kamangar, S.; Banapurmath, N.R.; Ayachit, N.H.; Naik, M.L.; Marakatti, V.S. Fabrication and Physicochemical Study of B2SA-Grafted Poly(vinyl Alcohol)–Graphene Hybrid Membranes for Dehydration of Bioethanol by Pervaporation. Membranes 2021, 11, 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020110

AMA Style

Kalahal PB, Kulkarni AS, Sajjan AM, Khan TMY, Anjum Badruddin I, Kamangar S, Banapurmath NR, Ayachit NH, Naik ML, Marakatti VS. Fabrication and Physicochemical Study of B2SA-Grafted Poly(vinyl Alcohol)–Graphene Hybrid Membranes for Dehydration of Bioethanol by Pervaporation. Membranes. 2021; 11(2):110. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020110

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kalahal, Prakash B., Akshay S. Kulkarni, Ashok M. Sajjan, T. M.Y. Khan, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Sarfaraz Kamangar, Nagaraj R. Banapurmath, Narasimha H. Ayachit, Manu L. Naik, and Vijaykumar S. Marakatti. 2021. "Fabrication and Physicochemical Study of B2SA-Grafted Poly(vinyl Alcohol)–Graphene Hybrid Membranes for Dehydration of Bioethanol by Pervaporation" Membranes 11, no. 2: 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020110

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