Therapeutic Agents with AHR Inhibiting and NRF2 Activating Activity for Managing Chloracne
1
Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
2
Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
3
Division of Skin Surface Sensing, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2018, 7(7), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox7070090
Received: 13 June 2018
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Revised: 2 July 2018
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Accepted: 11 July 2018
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Published: 13 July 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nrf2 in Dermatological Pathologies)
Chloracne is the major skin symptom caused by dioxin intoxication. Dioxin activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)–cytochrome p450 1A1 (CYP1A1) system, generates oxidative stress, and induces hyperkeratinization of keratinocytes and sebocytes leading to chloracne. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF2) is a master switch that induces the expression of various antioxidative enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1. Cinnamaldehyde is an antioxidant phytochemical that inhibits AHR–CYP1A1 signaling and activates the NRF2–antioxidative axis. The cinnamaldehyde-containing Kampo herbal medicine Keishibukuryogan is capable of improving chloracne in Yusho patients who are highly contaminated with dioxin. Agents with dual functions in promoting AHR–CYP1A1 inhibition and NRF2 activation may be useful for managing dioxin-related health hazards.
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Keywords:
aryl hydrocarbon receptor; chloracne; dioxin; nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2; heme oxygenase-1; Yusho
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MDPI and ACS Style
Furue, M.; Fuyuno, Y.; Mitoma, C.; Uchi, H.; Tsuji, G. Therapeutic Agents with AHR Inhibiting and NRF2 Activating Activity for Managing Chloracne. Antioxidants 2018, 7, 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox7070090
AMA Style
Furue M, Fuyuno Y, Mitoma C, Uchi H, Tsuji G. Therapeutic Agents with AHR Inhibiting and NRF2 Activating Activity for Managing Chloracne. Antioxidants. 2018; 7(7):90. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox7070090
Chicago/Turabian StyleFurue, Masutaka, Yoko Fuyuno, Chikage Mitoma, Hiroshi Uchi, and Gaku Tsuji. 2018. "Therapeutic Agents with AHR Inhibiting and NRF2 Activating Activity for Managing Chloracne" Antioxidants 7, no. 7: 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox7070090
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