Correction: Hom et al. Cognitive Function during the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease in Down Syndrome: Comparing Models. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 1220
by
, ,
Christy L. Hom
1,*
,
Katharine A. Kirby
2,
Joni Ricks-Oddie
2,3,
David B. Keator
1,
Sharon J. Krinsky-McHale
4,
Margaret B. Pulsifer
5,
Herminia Diana Rosas
6,
Florence Lai
6,
Nicole Schupf
7,8,
Ira T. Lott
9 and
Wayne Silverman
9 1
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Orange, CA 92868, USA
2
Center for Statistical Consulting, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
3
Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
4
New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
5
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
6
Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
7
Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
8
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
9
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Orange, CA 92868, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(7), 925; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070925
Submission received: 23 June 2022
/
Accepted: 24 June 2022
/
Published: 15 July 2022
We would like to submit the following correction to our recently published paper [1].
Error in Tables
In the original publication, there were mistakes in Table 2 and Table 5 as published. The standard deviation listed for the CS group on the DSMSE language test was mistakenly listed as 0.07 in Table 2. The p-value listed for the RADD-2 Expressive Language in Table 5 was mistakenly listed as <.001 in Table 5. The Estimate value for the Purdue Pegboard was mistakenly listed as 0615 in Table 5. The corrected Table 2 and Table 5 appear below.
The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.
Reference
- Hom, C.L.; Kirby, K.A.; Ricks-Oddie, J.; Keator, D.B.; Krinsky-McHale, S.J.; Pulsifer, M.B.; Rosas, H.D.; Lai, F.; Schupf, N.; Lott, I.T.; et al. Cognitive Function during the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease in Down Syndrome: Comparing Models. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 1220. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Table 2.
Means and standard deviations of raw test scores by AD status and their hypothesized cognitive domain.
Table 2.
Means and standard deviations of raw test scores by AD status and their hypothesized cognitive domain.
| Variable (Range of Scores) | Domain | CS (n = 103) | MCI-DS (n = 41) | Mann–Whitney U (p-Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Block Design (0–54) | Visuomotor | 23.79 (10.49) | 17.37 (12.78) | 3.11 (0.002) |
| Boston Naming (0–27) | Language | 15.88 (5.51) | 13.23 (6.91) | 2.04 (0.041) |
| Category Fluency (0–17) | EF | 8.23 (3.18) | 6.82 (3.68) | 2.21 (0.027) |
| Cats and Dogs Switch (--17.00–61.80) † | EF | 9.80 (11.22) | 5.05 (11.21) | 1.82 (0.069) |
| Cued Recall (3–35) | Memory | 28.61 (6.83) | 21.38 (9.22) | 4.43 (0.0001) |
| DSMSE Language (3–52) | Language | 37.10 (9.07) | 30.80 (9.63) | 3.28 (0.001) |
| DSMSE Memory (0–23) | Memory | 14.08 (4.68) | 9.80 (4.57) | 4.62 (0.0001) |
| DSMSE Visual Spatial (2–8) | Visuomotor | 6.18 (1.09) | 5.59 (1.01) | 2.98 (0.003) |
| mMMSE-DS Anomia (4–20) | Language | 18.18 (2.20) | 16.49 (4.19) | 1.55 (0.122) |
| mMMSE-DS Concentration (0–6) | EF | 3.69 (2.10) | 2.39 (2.14) | 3.15 (0.002) |
| mMMSE-DS Fine Motor (1–10) | Visuomotor | 8.04 (1.29) | 7.05 (2.28) | 2.58 (0.010) |
| mMMSE-DS Orientation (5–30) | EF | 25.46 (5.33) | 20.87 (6.41) | 4.75 (0.0001) |
| Purdue Pegboard Both Hands (0–8) | Visuomotor | 2.62 (1.82) | 1.51 (1.71) | 3.14 (0.002) |
| RADD-2 Digit Span Forward (0–8) | EF | 4.02 (1.66) | 2.97 (1.80) | 2.84 (0.005) |
| RADD-2 Expressive Lang. (0–16) | Language | 11.24 (3.92) | 8.80 (4.01) | 3.34 (0.001) |
| RADD-2 Receptive Lang. (0–12) | Language | 7.56 (2.51) | 6.80 (2.99) | 1.08 (0.279) |
| RADD-2 Sensorimotor (0–7) | Visuomotor | 6.70 (0.50) | 5.85 (1.50) | 3.87 (0.0001) |
| RADD-2 Similarities (0–4) | Language | 2.51 (1.49) | 1.56 (1.47) | 3.40 (0.001) |
| Rivermead Recognition (0–10) | Memory | 5.42 (3.77) | 2.21 (3.40) | 3.90 (0.0001) |
| Selective Reminding Test (1–24) | Memory | 15.50 (5.62) | 9.18 (4.32) | 5.70 (0.0001) |
| Tinetti Gait (4–12) | Visuomotor | 10.75 (1.62) | 10.37 (1.88) | 1.47 (0.143) |
| VMI (1–25) | Visuomotor | 15.45 (3.22) | 13.98 (3.40) | 1.75 (0.081) |
† Cats and Dogs is measured in seconds; all other scores are measured in points (number correct). EF = executive function.
Table 5.
The relationship between sex, premorbid ID, MCI-DS, and cognitive functioning.
| Cognitive Domain | Predictor Variable | Estimate | SE | CR | Standardized Regression Weight | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structural | ||||||
| Language/EF | Sex | −0.010 | 0.075 | −0.13 | −0.01 | 0.893 |
| Language/EF | PID | −0.413 | 0.067 | −6.15 | −0.41 | <0.001 |
| Language/EF | MCI-DS | −0.238 | 0.074 | −3.23 | −0.24 | 0.001 |
| Memory | Sex | 0.008 | 0.076 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.916 |
| Memory | PID | −0.241 | 0.075 | −3.21 | −0.24 | 0.001 |
| Memory | MCI-DS | −0.471 | 0.67 | −7.07 | −0.47 | <0.001 |
| Visuomotor | Sex | −0.093 | 0.081 | −1.14 | −0.09 | 0.255 |
| Visuomotor | PID | −0.302 | 0.077 | −3.91 | −0.30 | <0.001 |
| Visuomotor | MCI-DS | −0.303 | 0.78 | −3.90 | −0.30 | <0.001 |
| Measurement | ||||||
| Language/EF | Boston Naming | 0.879 | 0.023 | 38.18 | 0.88 | <0.001 |
| Language/EF | DSMSE Language | 0.878 | 0.023 | 37.81 | 0.88 | <0.001 |
| Language/EF | mMMSE Anomia | 0.742 | 0.041 | 18.14 | 0.74 | <0.001 |
| Language/EF | mMMSE Concentration | 0.724 | 0.043 | 16.53 | 0.72 | <0.001 |
| Language/EF | RADD-2 Digit Span Forward | 0.782 | 0.036 | 21.93 | 0.78 | <0.001 |
| Language/EF | RADD-2 Expressive Language | 0.874 | 0.023 | 37.52 | 0.87 | <0.001 |
| Language/EF | RADD-2 Receptive Language | 0.683 | 0.047 | 16.53 | 0.68 | <0.001 |
| Language/EF | RADD-2 Similarities | 0.760 | 0.038 | 20.05 | 0.76 | <0.001 |
| Memory | Cued Recall | 0.673 | 0.053 | 12.65 | 0.67 | <0.001 |
| Memory | DSMSE Memory | 0.858 | 0.032 | 27.09 | 0.86 | <0.001 |
| Memory | Rivermead Recognition | 0.702 | 0.051 | 13.87 | 0.70 | <0.001 |
| Memory | Selective Reminding Test | 0.845 | 0.033 | 25.65 | 0.85 | <0.001 |
| Visuomotor | Block Design | 0.849 | 0.033 | 26.09 | 0.85 | <0.001 |
| Visuomotor | DSMSE Visual Spatial | 0.797 | 0.038 | 17.05 | 0.80 | <0.001 |
| Visuomotor | Purdue Pegboard | 0.615 | 0.59 | 10.39 | 0.62 | <0.001 |
| Visuomotor | RADD Sensorimotor | 0.624 | 0.058 | 10.70 | 0.62 | <0.001 |
| Visuomotor | VMI | 0.708 | 0.048 | 14.77 | 0.71 | <0.001 |
CR = critical ratio, EF = executive function, MCI = mild cognitive impairment, PID = premorbid level of ID, SE = standard error.
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Hom, C.L.; Kirby, K.A.; Ricks-Oddie, J.; Keator, D.B.; Krinsky-McHale, S.J.; Pulsifer, M.B.; Rosas, H.D.; Lai, F.; Schupf, N.; Lott, I.T.; et al. Correction: Hom et al. Cognitive Function during the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease in Down Syndrome: Comparing Models. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 1220. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 925. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070925
AMA Style
Hom CL, Kirby KA, Ricks-Oddie J, Keator DB, Krinsky-McHale SJ, Pulsifer MB, Rosas HD, Lai F, Schupf N, Lott IT, et al. Correction: Hom et al. Cognitive Function during the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease in Down Syndrome: Comparing Models. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 1220. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(7):925. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070925
Chicago/Turabian StyleHom, Christy L., Katharine A. Kirby, Joni Ricks-Oddie, David B. Keator, Sharon J. Krinsky-McHale, Margaret B. Pulsifer, Herminia Diana Rosas, Florence Lai, Nicole Schupf, Ira T. Lott, and et al. 2022. "Correction: Hom et al. Cognitive Function during the Prodromal Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease in Down Syndrome: Comparing Models. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 1220" Brain Sciences 12, no. 7: 925. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070925
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