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Article

Migraine during COVID-19: Data from Second Wave Pandemic in an Italian Cohort

1
Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit, SMBNOS Department, Bari Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy
2
Headache Center, Sapienza Rome University, 04100 Latina, Italy
3
Headache Regional Referral Center, ASL1 Abruzzo, L’Aquila University, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
4
Headache Center, Careggi General Hospital, 50139 Firenze, Italy
5
Headache Science Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
6
Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
7
Headache Center, Amaducci Neurological Clinic, Policlinico General Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Andrea Carmine Belin
Brain Sci. 2021, 11(4), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040482
Received: 13 March 2021 / Revised: 7 April 2021 / Accepted: 8 April 2021 / Published: 10 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Headaches and Migraines during the COVID-19 Pandemic)
Objectives: The study aims to assess the impact of the second COVID-19 pandemic wave on migraine characteristics. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted on migraine patients previously interviewed during the first Italian pandemic outbreak. A second structured telephone interview was conducted between 20 November 2020 and 18 January 2021. We compared migraine characteristics among T0 (before pandemic), T1 (during the first pandemic phase), and T2 (during the second pandemic phase). Results: Among the 433 patients interviewed during the first pandemic phase, 304 cases were finally considered. One hundred forty-eight patients had a control visit between March 2020 and December 2020, 120 had an in-person visit, 14 by phone, the remainder used telemedicine software provided by the hospital. Frequency of headache, number of symptomatic drugs and headache intensity worsened during T2, compared to T0 and T1, especially in episodic migraine. Headache intensity increased relating to the negative emotional impact of the pandemic. Migraine management during the pandemic did not influence the clinical outcome. Conclusion: The prolongation of the pandemic seems to have a negative impact on migraine evolution. The arousal and negative psychological behavior toward the COVID-19 outbreak seem to worsen migraine. View Full-Text
Keywords: migraine; COVID-19; second wave pandemic; headache frequency migraine; COVID-19; second wave pandemic; headache frequency
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MDPI and ACS Style

Gentile, E.; Delussi, M.; Abagnale, C.; Caponnetto, V.; De Cesaris, F.; Frattale, I.; Guaschino, E.; Marcinnò, A.; Ornello, R.; Pistoia, F.; Putortì, A.; Candida, G.; Roveta, F.; Lupi, C.; Coppola, G.; Prudenzano, A.M.P.; Rainero, I.; Sances, G.; Roca, M.E.; Trojano, M.; Pierelli, F.; Geppetti, P.; Sacco, S.; de Tommaso, M. Migraine during COVID-19: Data from Second Wave Pandemic in an Italian Cohort. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040482

AMA Style

Gentile E, Delussi M, Abagnale C, Caponnetto V, De Cesaris F, Frattale I, Guaschino E, Marcinnò A, Ornello R, Pistoia F, Putortì A, Candida G, Roveta F, Lupi C, Coppola G, Prudenzano AMP, Rainero I, Sances G, Roca ME, Trojano M, Pierelli F, Geppetti P, Sacco S, de Tommaso M. Migraine during COVID-19: Data from Second Wave Pandemic in an Italian Cohort. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11(4):482. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040482

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gentile, Eleonora, Marianna Delussi, Chiara Abagnale, Valeria Caponnetto, Francesco De Cesaris, Ilaria Frattale, Elena Guaschino, Andrea Marcinnò, Raffaele Ornello, Francesca Pistoia, Alessia Putortì, Giusy Candida, Fausto Roveta, Chiara Lupi, Gianluca Coppola, Addolorata M.P. Prudenzano, Innocenzo Rainero, Grazia Sances, Maria E. Roca, Maria Trojano, Francesco Pierelli, Pierangelo Geppetti, Simona Sacco, and Marina de Tommaso. 2021. "Migraine during COVID-19: Data from Second Wave Pandemic in an Italian Cohort" Brain Sciences 11, no. 4: 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040482

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