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Pathogens
Volume 14
Issue 7
10.3390/pathogens14070715
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Epidemiologic Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis B and Coinfections with Hepatitis C Virus or Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Korea: A Nationwide Claims-Based Study Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Database

by
Hyunwoo Oh
1,
Won Sohn
1,*,
Na Ryung Choi
2,
Hyo Young Lee
3,
Yeonjae Kim
4,
Seung Woo Nam
4 and
Jae Yoon Jeong
2,*
1
Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
4
Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2025, 14(7), 715; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14070715 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 30 June 2025 / Revised: 12 July 2025 / Accepted: 14 July 2025 / Published: 19 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Hepatitis Among Specific Populations: Epidemiology, Transmission, Treatment, and Prevention)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Coinfections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among individuals with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are associated with worse clinical outcomes but remain understudied due to their low prevalence and the sensitivity of associated data. This nationwide, cross-sectional study utilized claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (2014–2021) to investigate the prevalence, comorbidities, treatment patterns, and liver-related complications among patients with HBV monoinfection, HBV/HIV, HBV/HCV, or triple coinfection. Among over 4.5 million patients with chronic hepatitis B, the prevalence of HIV and HCV coinfection ranged from 0.05 to 0.07% and 0.77 to 1.00%, respectively. Patients with HBV/HCV coinfection were older and had significantly higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and major adverse liver outcomes, including hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation, compared to other groups. HBV/HIV coinfection was more common in younger males and was associated with higher dyslipidemia. The use of HBV antivirals increased over time across all groups. These findings highlight the distinct clinical characteristics and unmet needs of coinfected populations, underscoring the importance of tailored screening and management strategies in HBV-endemic settings.
Keywords: chronic hepatitis B; hepatitis C virus; human immunodeficiency virus; prevalence; comorbidity; health insurance review and assessment service chronic hepatitis B; hepatitis C virus; human immunodeficiency virus; prevalence; comorbidity; health insurance review and assessment service

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MDPI and ACS Style

Oh, H.; Sohn, W.; Choi, N.R.; Lee, H.Y.; Kim, Y.; Nam, S.W.; Jeong, J.Y. Epidemiologic Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis B and Coinfections with Hepatitis C Virus or Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Korea: A Nationwide Claims-Based Study Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Database. Pathogens 2025, 14, 715. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14070715

AMA Style

Oh H, Sohn W, Choi NR, Lee HY, Kim Y, Nam SW, Jeong JY. Epidemiologic Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis B and Coinfections with Hepatitis C Virus or Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Korea: A Nationwide Claims-Based Study Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Database. Pathogens. 2025; 14(7):715. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14070715

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oh, Hyunwoo, Won Sohn, Na Ryung Choi, Hyo Young Lee, Yeonjae Kim, Seung Woo Nam, and Jae Yoon Jeong. 2025. "Epidemiologic Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis B and Coinfections with Hepatitis C Virus or Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Korea: A Nationwide Claims-Based Study Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Database" Pathogens 14, no. 7: 715. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14070715

APA Style

Oh, H., Sohn, W., Choi, N. R., Lee, H. Y., Kim, Y., Nam, S. W., & Jeong, J. Y. (2025). Epidemiologic Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis B and Coinfections with Hepatitis C Virus or Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Korea: A Nationwide Claims-Based Study Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Database. Pathogens, 14(7), 715. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14070715

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