Synopsis of Cis Latreille (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from southern Africa

A synopsis of the Cis Latreille, 1796 from southern Africa is provided, with the description of 10 new species: Cis bicaesariatus sp. n., Cis foveocephalus sp. n., Cis grobbelaarae sp. n., Cis lacinipennis sp. n., Cis makrosoma sp. n., Cis mpumalangaensis sp. n., Cis parvisetosus sp. n., Cis tessariplacus sp. n., Cis umlalaziensis sp. n. and Cis westerncapensis sp. n. The introduced species Cis fuscipes Mellié, 1849 is recorded for the first time from the Republic of South Africa. New geographic records are provided for the following species: Cis neserorum Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade, 2017; Cis regius Orsetti & Lopes-Andrade, 2016 and Cis stalsi Souza-Gonçalves & Lopes-Andrade, 2017. Most southern African Cis are placed in available or newly proposed species-groups and a provisional identification key is provided.


Introduction
Ciidae is a cosmopolitan family and comprises of more than 700 described species in 51 genera. The genus Cis Latreille, 1796 (Ciinae: Ciini) has about 400 described species occurring in all biogeographic regions, except for the Antarctic [1 -3]. It is the most diverse genus in the family, including more than half of all described Ciidae, but it is possibly polyphyletic [4,5]. The previously proposed division into subgenera is not in use and part of the Cis species is organized in artificial species-group [2,3,6,7].

Diagnosis:
The species belongs to the fuscipes group. It differs from C. capensis in males bearing truncate or weakly convex anterocephalic edge and anterior pronotal edge rounded, but only female C. fuscipes have been recorded from southern Africa. It differs from females of C. capensis in the anteriormost portion of head visible when see from above.
Comments: This species was collected together with C. mooihoekite, C. neserorum, C. parvisetosus sp. n., C. pickeri, the morphospecies Cis sp. S, Cis sp. Y and the invasive species Cer. tabellifer in South Africa. Only females of C. fuscipes were collected by the staff of SANC (Figure 3(A-D)), suggesting that this species may be represented only by parthenogenetic populations in Republic of South Africa.
Etymology: The new species is named in honor of the South African taxonomist Elizabeth Grobbelaar, who collected all paratypes from D'Nyala Nature Reserve. The species name is Latinized from "Grobbelaar" using the feminine suffix in the genitive singular (-ae).
Diagnosis: The species belongs to the comptus group. It differs from all other southern African species (except for C. makrosoma sp. n.) by the pattern of the dual elytral punctation, consisting of megapunctures forming more or less regular longitudinal rows, in-between rows filled with micropunctures bearing short bristles. It differs from C. makrosoma sp. n. in males with anterocephalic edge bearing small angulations, less elongated and more convex body, and a comparatively shorter and slightly tumid prosternum.
Females (Figure 4(E)): Anterior edge of head truncate and edge of pronotum rounded. Otherwise like males, but devoid of abdominal sex patch and protibial tooth.
Variation: Males, measurements in mm (n = 8, including the holotype): TL 1. 38      Etymology: The species name derives from the Latin noun "lacina", which means "flap", and "penis", both in the genitive singular. The name is a reference to the shape of the penis of this species, which bears a flap in each side of base.

Diagnosis:
The species belongs to the westerncapensis group. It differs from C. westerncapensis sp. n. in bearing slightly shorter and seriate vestiture (0.02-0.03 mm), darker dorsal coloration and a comparatively narrower body.
Description, male holotype ( Figure Figure 5(D)) with irregularly distributed, dual punctation bearing an impunctate median line beginning around three punctures-width of base until disc; megapunctures coarse, deep, about 2× as large as micropunctures, separated from each other by one megapuncture-width or less; interspaces, microreticulate; vestiture single, consisting of moderately short suberect yellowish bristles (0.02-0.03 mm) arising from megapunctures; anterior edge rounded; lateral edges barely crenulate, not explanate and not visible when seen from above; anterior corners rounded. Scutellar shield triangular, bearing few punctures and few bristles; BW 0.07 mm; SL 0.05 mm. Elytra with subseriate, dual punctation; megapunctures coarse, deep, about 2× as large as micropunctures, separated from each other by two megapuncture-widths or less; interspaces a bit rugose; vestiture seriate, single, consisting of moderately short suberect yellowish bristles (0.02-0.03 mm) arising from megapunctures. Metathoracic wings developed, apparently functional. Hypomera with coarse, shallow punctation; each puncture bearing one fine decumbent seta; interspaces, microreticulate. Prosternum in front of coxae biconcave and barely carinate; interspaces, microreticulate. Prosternal process subparallel-sided, about 0.9× as long as prosternum at midline, apex rounded. Protibiae with maximum width about one-fourth of its length; apical edge devoid of spines; outer apical angle projected in acute tooth. Mesoand metatibiae without spines in apical edge. Metaventrite with coarse, deep punctures; interspaces, microreticulate; discrimen about one-third the length of metaventrite at midline. Abdominal ventrites with coarse, moderately deep punctures, separated from each other by one puncture-width or less and bearing one fine decumbent yellowish seta; interspaces, microreticulate; length of ventrites (in mm, from base to apex at the longitudinal midline) as follows: 0.18, 0.07, 0.05, 0.06, 0.08; first abdominal ventrite bearing unmargined, large, circular setose sex patch at middle, with transverse diameter of 0.07 mm. Male terminalia in a paratype ( Figure 5(F-H)) with sternite VIII (Figure 5(F)) with posterior margin barely emarginate, bearing short setae at middle and long setae at subacute corners; anterior portion membranous. Tegmen ( Figure 5(G)) 1.7× as long as wide, widest at apical third; sides expanding from basal third to apex; apex with rounded emargination and two small tubercles at middle ( Figure 5 Comments. This species was collected together with the invasive species Cer. tabellifer.
Diagnosis: The species belongs to the neserorum group. It differs from other southern African species of the nesesorum group (except for C. afer, C. aster, C. bicaesariatus sp. n., C. caffer and C. masekelai) in males being devoid of concave impression in anterior pronotal portion. Cis makebae differs from C. afer, C. aster, C. bicaesariatus sp. n. and C. caffer in males bearing comparatively shorter anterocephalic and pronotal plates.
Distribution. Ethiopian. Known from northeastern KwaZulu-Natal and southeastern Limpopo (Republic of South Africa).
Comments: The species is known only from the type series [11]. This species was collected together with C. grobbelaarae sp. n., C. makrosoma sp. n., C. mandelai and the parasitoid A. micans [11].
Etymology: The species name derives from the Greek adjective "makros", which means "long", and the Greek noun "soma", which means "body", both in the genitive singular. The name is a reference to the body shape of this species.
Diagnosis: The species belongs to the makrosoma group. It differs from all other southern African species (except for C. grobbelaarae sp. n.) by the pattern of the dual elytral punctation, consisting of megapunctures forming more or less regular longitudinal rows, in-between rows filled with micropunctures bearing short bristles. It differs from C. grobbelaarae sp. n. in males with anterocephalic edge truncate, a very elongated and flattened body, and moderately long and flattened prosternum.  (Figure 6(D)) with coarse, deep, single punctation, bearing an impunctate median line beginning around four puncture-widths of base until disc; punctures distributed irregularly, separated from each other by one to two puncture-widths; interspaces, microreticulate; vestiture single, consisting of suberect yellowish short bristles (~0.01 mm); anterior edge rounded; lateral edges crenulate, barely explanate and completely visible when seen from above; anterior corners barely angulate. Scutellar shield subtriangular, bearing few punctures and few bristles; BW 0.12 mm; SL 0.06 mm. Elytra with seriate, dual punctation; megapunctures coarse, deep, about 2× as large as micropunctures, separated from each other by one megapuncture-width or less, forming more or less longitudinal rows, in-between rows filled with micropunctures; interspaces, smooth and shiny; vestiture single, consisting of short suberect yellowish bristles (~0.01 mm) arising from micropunctures. Metathoracic wings developed, apparently functional. Hypomera with coarse, shallow punctation; each puncture bearing one fine decumbent seta; interspaces, microreticulate. Prosternum in front of coxae flattened, moderately long; interspaces, microreticulate. Prosternal process subparallel-sided, about 0.9× as long as prosternum at midline, apex rounded. Protibiae with maximum width about one-third of its length; apical edge devoid of spines; outer apical angle projected in acute tooth. Meso-and metatibiae without spines in apical edge. Metaventrite with coarse, deep punctures; interspaces, microreticulate; discrimen about one-third the length of metaventrite at midline. Abdominal ventrites with coarse, moderately deep punctures, separated from each other by one puncture-width or less and bearing one fine decumbent yellowish seta; interspaces, microreticulate; length of ventrites (in mm, from base to apex at the longitudinal midline) as follows: 0.33, 0.11, 0.10. 0.08, 0.11; first abdominal ventrite bearing a margined, large, circular, setose sex patch at center, with transverse diameter of 0.07 mm. Male terminalia in a paratype ( Comments: This species was collected with C. makebae, C. mandelai, C. urbanae, the invasive species Cer. tabellifer and the parasitoid A. micans.
Diagnosis: The species belongs to the neserorum group. It differs from other southern African species of the neserorum group (except for C. neserorum, C. stalsi, C. testaceus, and C. urbanae) in males bearing a concave impression in anterior pronotal portion. Cis mandelai differs from C. neserorum and C. stalsi by its prosternal process, which is conspicuously narrow near the base and gradually expanded to a rounded apex. It differs from C. urbanae in the less robust body and males with comparatively shorter pronotal plates; and from C. testaceus in bearing head covered by pronotum when seen from above and comparatively shorter pronotal plates with straight sides.
Distribution: Ethiopian. Known from eastern North West, western Gauteng, eastern Mpumalanga and northern Limpopo (Republic of South Africa).
Diagnosis: The species belongs to the neserorum group. It differs from other southern African species of the neserorum group (except for C. afer, C. aster, C. bicaesariatus sp. n., C. caffer and C. makebae) in males being devoid of concave impression in anterior pronotal portion. Cis masekelai differs from C. afer, C. aster, C. bicaesariatus sp. n., C. caffer and C. makebae in males with anterior pronotal edge with a shallow emargination forming two very close short projections.

Comments:
The species is known only from the type series [10]. The records provided here ( Figure 15) are corrections for that provided by Souza-Gonçalves and Lopes-Andrade [11]. In that paper, the authors cited one recorded as 25 • here represented by the northernmost record ( Figure 15). This species was collected together with C. neserorum and the invasive species Cer. tabellifer.    Cis sp. Q and Cis sp. N (in part) in Neser [9]. Type locality: "Mooihoek Farm" (near Wakkerstroom), coordinates 27 • 13' S 30 • 32' E (Pixley Ka Seme Local Municipality, Gert Sibande District, Mpumalanga Province).
Etymology: The species name is Latinized from "Mpumalanga" in the genitive singular. The name is a reference to the Mpumalanga Province, the province where the holotype and most part of the paratypes were collected.
Diagnosis: The species belongs to the pacificus group. It differs from C. foveocephalus sp. n. in males being devoid of a vertexal sex patch; from C. parvisetosus sp. n. in the comparatively thicker and denser vestiture, as well as longer and more acute anterocephalic plates; and from C. umlalaziensis sp. n. in the non-subseriate elytral vestiture.  (Figure 7(D)) with irregularly distributed, dual punctation, bearing an impunctate median line beginning about four puncture-widths of base until disc; megapunctures coarse, deep, about 2× as large as micropunctures, separated from each other by one megapuncture-width or less; interspaces, microreticulate; vestiture single, consisting of short suberect yellowish bristles (0.01-0.02 mm) arising from megapunctures; anterior edge rounded; lateral edges not crenulate, not explanate and not visible when seen from above; anterior corners rounded. Scutellar shield pentagonal, bearing few punctures and few bristles; BW 0.10 mm; SL 0.05 mm. Elytra with non-seriate, dual punctation; megapunctures coarse, deep, about 2× as large as micropunctures, separated from each other by two puncture-widths or less; interspaces a bit rugose; vestiture single, consisting of short suberect yellowish bristles (0.01-0.02 mm) arising from megapunctures. Metathoracic wings developed, apparently functional. Hypomera with coarse, shallow punctation; each puncture bearing one fine decumbent seta; interspaces, microreticulate. Prosternum in front of coxae biconcave and barely carinate; interspaces, microreticulate. Prosternal process subparallel-sided, about 0.8× as long as prosternum at midline, apex rounded. Protibiae with maximum width about one-third of its length; apical edge devoid of spines; outer apical angle projected in acute tooth. Meso-and metatibiae without spines in apical edge. Metaventrite with coarse, deep punctures; interspaces, microreticulate; discrimen about one-fourth the length of metaventrite at midline. Abdominal ventrites with coarse, moderately deep punctures, separated from each other by one puncture-width or less and bearing one fine decumbent yellowish seta; interspaces, microreticulate; length of ventrites (in mm, from base to apex at the longitudinal midline) as follows: 0.22, 0.08, 0.07, 0.07, 0.08; first abdominal ventrite bearing a margined, circular, setose sex patch at middle, with transverse diameter of 0.05 mm. Male terminalia in a paratype (Figure 7(F-I)) with sternite VIII (Figure 7(F)) with posterior margin almost straight, bearing short setae at middle and long setae at rounded corners; anterior portion membranous. Tegmen (Figure 7(H)) 1.9× as long as wide, widest at apex; sides expanding from basal third to apex; apex with deep V-shaped emargination forming slender lateral struts curved to middle (Figure 7(H), black arrows). Basal piece (Figure 7(G)) subtriangular, 1.4× as wide as long. Penis (Figure 7(I)) as long as tegmen, 4.6 as long as wide; subcylindrical, subparallel-sided and converging to triangular apex; anterior portion rounded. Diagnosis: The species belongs to the bilamellatus group. It differs from C. pickeri in the TL less than 1.30 mm; pronotum devoid of a median impunctate line; anterocephalic edge in male with acute corners and pronotal plate angularly emarginate forming two small and triangular corners with acute apex; and male abdominal sex patch about one-quarter the length of the first ventrite at midline.
Comments: The species is known only from the type series [12]. This species was collected together with C. grobbelaarae sp. n., X. madagascariensis, the invasive species Cer. tabellifer and the parasitoids A. micans and A. silvani.
Host fungi. Unknown. Distribution: Ethiopian. Known from Cape of Good Hope (Western Cape Province, Republic of South Africa).
Comments: The species is known only from the type series [22]. There is no further record in the literature, as far as we have traced. We cannot place it in any group at this moment. Trametes sp., six records, three being breeding records (obs.: we are not sure whether these correspond to a single fungus species or several unidentified Trametes); Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen) Lloyd, four records, three being breeding records; Trametes meyenii (Klotzsch) Lloyd, two breeding records; Trametes polyzona (Pers.) Justo, four records, three of which are breeding records; Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd, seven records, six being breeding records; Thelephora sp., one breeding record [11].
Distribution: Ethiopian. Known from many localities in Republic of South Africa [11]. The species is the largest distributed among Cis species in southern and South Africa [11]. The additional material was collected in western and southern KwaZulu-Natal (Republic of South Africa) ( Figure 15).
Diagnosis: The species belongs to the multidentatus group. It differs from C. chinensis in bearing elytral punctation dual and lateral protonal edges not visible from above.

Distribution: Ethiopian. Known from eastern and southeastern KwaZulu-Natal (Republic of South Africa).
Comments: The species is known only from the type series [13]. This species was collected together with C. mandelai, C. umlalaziensis sp. n., the invasive species Cer. tabellifer, the tenebrionid Pentaphyllus fronticornis Gebien, 1910, and the parasitoid A. micans [13]. Etymology: The species name derives from the Latin adjectives "parvus", which means "small", and "setosum", which means "setose", both in the genitive singular. The name is a reference to the short vestiture of this species.
Diagnosis: The species belongs to the pacificus group. It differs from C. foveocephalus sp. n. in males being devoid of a vertexal sex patch; from C. mpumalangaensis sp. n. in the comparatively thinner and sparser vestiture, and comparatively shorter and less acute anterocephalic plates; and from C. umlalaziensis sp. n. in the non-subseriate and comparatively thinner elytral vestiture. Body elongate, convex, dorsum and venter reddish dark brown; palpi and tarsi yellowish brown; dorsal vestiture single, consisting of minute suberect setae, easily discernible in high magnifications (>80×); ventral vestiture of decumbent setae easily discernible in high magnifications (>80×). Head with anteriormost portion visible from above; dorsum with coarse and deep punctures, separated from each other by one puncture-width or less, with suberect minute seta (0.01-0.02 mm) arising from each puncture; interspaces, microreticulate; anterocephalic produced and slightly elevated forming two subtriangular. Antennae with 10 antennomeres, lengths as follows (in mm, left antennae measured in a paratype): 0.06, 0.05, 0.03, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01, 0.03, 0.03, 0.06 (FL 0.13 mm, CL 0.12 mm, CL/FL 0.95). Eyes coarsely facetted, with about 60 ommatidia; GW 0.13 mm. Gula 0.55× as wide as head. Pronotum (Figure 8(D)) with irregularly distributed, dual punctation, bearing an impunctate median line beginning five puncture-widths of base until disc; megapunctures coarse, deep, about 2× as large as micropunctures, separated from each other by one megapuncture-width or less; interspaces, microreticulate; vestiture single, consisting of minute suberect pale yellowish setae (0.01-0.02 mm) arising from megapunctures; anterior edge rounded; lateral edges not crenulate, not explanate and not visible when seen from above; anterior corners rounded. Scutellar shield triangular, bearing few punctures and apparently glabrous; BW 0.09 mm; SL 0.08 mm. Elytra with non-seriate, dual punctation; megapunctures coarse, deep, about 2× as large as micropunctures, separated from each other by two megapuncture-widths or less; interspaces a bit rugose; vestiture single, consisting of minute suberect pale yellowish setae (0.01-0.02 mm) arising from megapunctures. Metathoracic wings developed, apparently functional. Hypomera with coarse, deep punctation; each puncture bearing a fine decumbent seta; interspaces, microreticulate. Prosternum in front of coxae biconcave and barely carinate; interspaces, microreticulate. Prosternal process subparallel-sided, about 0.9× as long as prosternum at midline, apex rounded. Protibiae with maximum width about one-fourth of its length; apical edge devoid of spines; outer apical angle rounded. Meso-and metatibiae without spines in apical edge. Metaventrite with coarse, deep punctures; interspaces, microreticulate; discrimen about one-fifth the length of metaventrite at midline. Abdominal ventrites with coarse, moderately deep punctures, separated from each other by one puncture-width or less and bearing one fine decumbent pale yellowish seta; interspaces, microreticulate; length of ventrites (in mm, from base to apex at the longitudinal midline) as follows: 0.23, 0.08, 0.08, 0.08, 0.09; first abdominal ventrite bearing margined, circular, setose sex patch at middle, with transverse diameter of 0.05 mm. Male terminalia in a paratype (Figure 8(F-I)) with sternite VIII (Figure 8(F)) with posterior margin almost straight, bearing short setae at middle and long setae at rounded corners. Tegmen (Figure 8(H)) 1.4× as long as wide, widest at apex; sides expanding from basal third to apex; apex with shallow V-shaped emargination; corners rounded ( Figure 8 (2.15 ± 0.08). In some populations, the cephalic plates are smaller than than those of males from the type locality (Figure 9(F)) or absent (Figure 9(A)). Some differences are also noted in aedeagus from different populations, principally in size of tegmen and shape of basal piece (Figure 9    In some populations, the cephalic plates are smaller than than those of males from the type locality ( Figure  9(F)) or absent (Figure 9(A)). Some differences are also noted in aedeagus from different populations, principally in size of tegmen and shape of basal piece (Figure 9  Diagnosis: The species belongs to the bilamellatus group. It differs from C. mooihoekite in the TL being more than 1.30 mm; pronotum with a median impunctate line; anterocephalic edge in male with rounded corners and pronotal plate slightly emarginate forming two small projections with subrounded apex; and male abdominal sex patch about one-third the length of the first ventrite at midline. Host fungi: Laetiporus sp. (Fomitopsidaceae), one record; Russula capensis A. Person (Russulaceae), one record; and Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd, one breeding record [12].

Diagnosis:
The species belongs to the regius group. It differs from all southern African Cis species by the peculiar occipital tubercle close to vertex in males; pronotum with dual punctation, lateral to anterior edges broadly rounded and bearing a row of scattered setae; and elytra with single punctation and vestiture of seriate setae.
Additional Host fungi: Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., one breeding record [10]. Distribution: Ethiopian. Known from southern Western Cape (Republic of South Africa). The additional material was collected in four areas near the type locality ( Figure 15).
Comments: This species was collected together with C. parvisetosus sp. n. and the invasive species Cer. tabellifer.
Diagnosis: The species belongs to the neserorum group. It differs from other southern African species of the neserorum group (except for C. mandelai, C. neserorum, C. testaceus, and C. urbanae) in males bearing a concave impression in anterior pronotal portion. Cis stalsi differs from C. neserorum in males with first abdominal ventrite bearing a sex patch. It differs from C. mandelai and C. urbanae in possessing subparallel-sided prosternal process with rounded apex; and from C. testaceus in the comparatively shorter pronotal plates and very close anterocephalic plates.   Figure 14.
Cis sp. L in Neser [9].  Cis sp. L in Neser [9]. Etymology: The species name derives from the Greek noun "tessares", which means "four", and "plakos", which means "plates", both in the genitive singular. The name is a reference to the number of plates present on the anterocephalic edge of this species.
Diagnosis: The species resembles members of the Cis multidentatus group in the anterocephalic edge produced and elevate forming four teeth in males and anterior pronotal edge in male projected into two triangular plates; but the prosternum is biconcave and the outer apical angle of protibia is projected in an acute tooth only in males.
Comments: This species was collected together with C. foveocephalus sp. n., C. mpumalangaensis sp. n., the invasive species Cer. tabellifer, and the parasitoids A. gracilis and A. naiadis. We prefer not to place it in any group at this moment.
Host fungi: Unknown. Distribution: Ethiopian. Known from Eastern Cape Province (Republic of South Africa). Comments: The species is known only from the type series [21]. There is no further record in the literature, as far as we have traced. It is a member of the neserorum group.
Diagnosis: The species belongs to the neserorum group. It differs from other southern African species of the neserorum group (except for C. mandelai, C. neserorum, C. stalsi and C. testaceus) in males bearing a concave impression in anterior pronotal portion. Cis urbanae differs from C. neserorum in males with first abdominal ventrite bearing a sex patch, and from C. neserorum and C. stalsi in the prosternal process conspicuously narrow near base and gradually expanding to a rounded apex. Cis mandelai bears a similar prosternal process, but differs from in the comparatively more robust body and males with comparatively longer pronotal plates. It differs from C. testaceus in the more robust body.
Host fungi: Trametes sp., one breeding record [11]. Distribution: Ethiopian. Known from eastern Mpumalanga (Republic of South Africa). Comments: The species is known only from the type series [11]. It was collected together with C. makrosoma sp. n., the invasive species Cer. tabellifer and the parasitoids A. micans.  Figure 11(A-G); Figure 13. Cis sp. K in Neser [9]. Etymology: The species name is Latinized from "Umlalazi" in the genitive singular. The name is a reference to the Umlalazi Nature Reserve, the type locality of this species.
Diagnosis: The species belongs to the pacificus group. It differs from C. foveocephalus sp. n. in males being devoid of vertexal sex patch; from C. mpumalangaensis sp. n. in the subseriate elytral vestiture; and from C. parvisetosus sp. n. in the comparatively thicker and subseriate vestiture, and comparatively longer and more acute anterocephalic plates.
Etymology: The species name is Latinized from "Umlalazi" in the genitive singular. The name is a reference to the Umlalazi Nature Reserve, the type locality of this species.
Diagnosis: The species belongs to the pacificus group. It differs from C. foveocephalus sp. n. in males being devoid of vertexal sex patch; from C. mpumalangaensis sp. n. in the subseriate elytral vestiture; and from C. parvisetosus sp. n. in the comparatively thicker and subseriate vestiture, and comparatively longer and more acute anterocephalic plates.
Etymology: The species name is Latinized from "Western Cape" in the genitive singular. The name is a reference to the Western Cape Province, the unique known province where the species occurs.
Diagnosis: The species belongs to the westerncapensis group. It differs from C. lacinipennis sp. n. in bearing slightly longer (0.03-0.04 mm) and subseriate vestiture, lighter dorsal coloration and a comparatively wider body.
Females (Figure 12(E)): Anterior edge of head truncate and anterior edge of pronotum rounded. Otherwise like males, but devoid of abdominal sex patch and protibial tooth. Comments: This species was collected together with C. neserorum, C. parvisetosus sp. n., C. regius, the morphospecies Orthocis sp. A, X. madagascariensis, the invasive species Cer. tabellifer, and the parasitoids A. gracilis and A. naiadis.  Comments: This species was collected together with C. neserorum, C. parvisetosus sp. n., C. regius, the morphospecies Orthocis sp. A, X. madagascariensis, the invasive species Cer. tabellifer, and the parasitoids A. gracilis and A. naiadis.

Key to southern African species of Cis Latreille
Note: This identification key applies only to species described [1, [9][10][11][12] or examined by us. The following southern Africa Cis species were not included: C. afer, C. bimucronatus, C. caffer, C. capensis, C. delagoensis, C. muriceus and C. testaceus. The key works for both males and females, except for C. fuscipes, of which only females are known to occur in southern Africa, and C. aster and C. umlalaziensis sp. n., of which only males are known.