Distribution and Relative Abundance of Insect Vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Olive Groves of the Iberian Peninsula

Morente, Marina; Cornara, Daniele; Plaza, María; Durán, José Manuel; Capiscol, Carmen; Trillo, Raquel; Ruiz, Manuel; Ruz, Carmen; Sanjuan, Susana; Pereira, Jose Alberto; Moreno, Aranzazu; Fereres, Alberto

doi:10.3390/insects9040175

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Distribution and Relative Abundance of Insect Vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Olive Groves of the Iberian Peninsula

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Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICA-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain

Laboratorio de Producción y Sanidad Vegetal, Junta de Andalucía, 41089 Sevilla, Spain

CITOLIVA, Centro Tecnológico del Olivar y del Aceite, Mengíbar, 23620 Jaen, Spain

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Laboratorio de Producción y Sanidad Vegetal, Junta de Andalucía, 23620 Jaén, Spain

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Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, IAS-CSIC, 14004 Córdoba, Spain

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Cooperativa Agricola Villena. Ctra. del Puerto, s/n-03400, Villena, 03040 Alicante, Spain

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Instituto Politécnico de Bragança-Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Insects 2018, 9(4), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects9040175

Received: 2 October 2018 / Revised: 1 November 2018 / Accepted: 26 November 2018 / Published: 1 December 2018

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insect Monitoring and Trapping in Agricultural Systems)

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Abstract

The phytosanitary emergency caused by the spread of Xylella fastidiosa in the Mediterranean has raised demands for a better understanding of the ecology of its presumed and candidate insect vectors. Here, we present the results of a two-year survey carried out in olive groves across southern, eastern and Central Spain and northeastern Portugal. Several sampling methods were tested and compared to select the most appropriate to estimate population levels of potential vectors of X. fastidiosa. The spittlebugs Philaenus spumarius and Neophilaenus campestris (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) were the main species associated with olive groves. Both species were widely present on herbaceous ground vegetation within the olive groves; P. spumarius mainly associated with Asteraceae and N. campestris with Poaceae. Due to the patchy distribution of spittlebugs within the olive groves, sweep nets were the most effective and least time-consuming sampling method for the estimation of population size both in the ground cover and tree canopies. Trends in population density showed that spittlebugs can be abundant on ground vegetation but very rare on olive canopies. Spittlebugs disperse in late spring to non-cultivated hosts that act as natural reservoirs. In late fall, adults return to the olive groves for oviposition. However, olive trees may act as transient hosts for spittlebugs and high population densities of these insect vectors should be avoided in areas where X. fastidiosa is present. View Full-Text

Keywords: Philaenus spumarius; Neophilaenus campestris; population density; sampling methods; spittlebugs

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Morente, M.; Cornara, D.; Plaza, M.; Durán, J.M.; Capiscol, C.; Trillo, R.; Ruiz, M.; Ruz, C.; Sanjuan, S.; Pereira, J.A.; Moreno, A.; Fereres, A. Distribution and Relative Abundance of Insect Vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Olive Groves of the Iberian Peninsula. Insects 2018, 9, 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects9040175

AMA Style

Morente M, Cornara D, Plaza M, Durán JM, Capiscol C, Trillo R, Ruiz M, Ruz C, Sanjuan S, Pereira JA, Moreno A, Fereres A. Distribution and Relative Abundance of Insect Vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Olive Groves of the Iberian Peninsula. Insects. 2018; 9(4):175. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects9040175

Chicago/Turabian Style

Morente, Marina, Daniele Cornara, María Plaza, José M. Durán, Carmen Capiscol, Raquel Trillo, Manuel Ruiz, Carmen Ruz, Susana Sanjuan, Jose A. Pereira, Aranzazu Moreno, and Alberto Fereres. 2018. "Distribution and Relative Abundance of Insect Vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Olive Groves of the Iberian Peninsula" Insects 9, no. 4: 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects9040175

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Distribution and Relative Abundance of Insect Vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Olive Groves of the Iberian Peninsula

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