Bowel Ultrasound in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: How Far in the Grayscale?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Technique and Features of Normality
3. Crohn’s Disease in Bowel Ultrasound
3.1. Ultrasound Features of CD
3.2. Complications of Crohn’s Disease
3.3. Transperineal Ultrasound
4. Ulcerative Colitis
5. Discussion and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | Grade 4 |
No vascularization signal at color Doppler | Mild: minimal signal, short stretches of vascularity in spots | Moderate: longer stretches of vascularity, blood vessels located only intra-mural | Severe: long continuous intra- and extra-mural blood vessels, extending into the mesentery |
Indications to Perform BUS in Crohn’s Disease |
---|
Initial work-up in suspected CD (i.e., differential diagnosis) |
Baseline evaluation of disease activity and extension before therapy |
Suspected complications (i.e., fistulas, abscesses, strictures) |
Monitoring after/during the treatment course (response vs. worsening) |
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Furfaro, F.; Dal Buono, A.; Allocca, M.; D'Amico, F.; Zilli, A.; Gabbiadini, R.; Danese, S. Bowel Ultrasound in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: How Far in the Grayscale? Life 2021, 11, 649. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11070649
Furfaro F, Dal Buono A, Allocca M, D'Amico F, Zilli A, Gabbiadini R, Danese S. Bowel Ultrasound in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: How Far in the Grayscale? Life. 2021; 11(7):649. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11070649
Chicago/Turabian StyleFurfaro, Federica, Arianna Dal Buono, Mariangela Allocca, Ferdinando D'Amico, Alessandra Zilli, Roberto Gabbiadini, and Silvio Danese. 2021. "Bowel Ultrasound in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: How Far in the Grayscale?" Life 11, no. 7: 649. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11070649