Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Diagnostic Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Protozoa
3.2. Bacteria
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample_ID | Locality | Code | Coordinates | SD | FS | H. pinnae | Mycobacterium spp. | Vibrio spp. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PN1 | Sant’Antioco | SAN | 39°03′49.2″ N 8°27′47.6″ E | NO | D | YES | NO | NO |
PN2 | NO | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN3 | NO | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN4 | NO | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN5 | Calasetta-Cussorgia | CAL | 39°06′27.7″ N 8°23′54.8″ E | NO | D | YES | NO | NO |
PN6 | YES | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN7 | NO | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN8 | NO | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN9 | NO | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN10 | YES | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN11 | YES | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN12 | NO | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN13 | NO | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN14 | NO | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN15 | NO | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN16 | NO | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN17 | NO | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN18 | Tramariglio-MPA Capo Caccia Isola Piana | TRA | 40°35′23.6″ N 8°10′12.4″ E | NO | D | YES | NO | NO |
PN19 | NO | D | NO | YES | NO | |||
PN20 | Porto Conte-MPA Capo Caccia Isola Piana | PRC | 40°35′46.7″ N 8°12′58.1″ E | NO | A | NO | NO | NO |
PN21 | Cala Reale-MPA Isola dell’Asinara | CLR | 41°03′47.6″ N 8°16′59.5″ E | NO | D | NO | NO | NO |
PN22 | YES | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN23 | NO | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN24 | YES | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN25 | NO | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN26 | NO | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN27 | YES | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN28 | YES | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN29 | YES | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN30 | YES | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN31 | Fornelli-MPA Isola dell’Asinara | FOR | 40°59′04.1″ N 8°15′06.3″ E | YES | D | NO | NO | NO |
PN32 | YES | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN33 | NO | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN34 | NO | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN35 | YES | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN36 | YES | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN37 | YES | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN38 | Cala Scombro di dentro-MPA Isola dell’Asinara | CLS | 41°01′43.5″ N 8°14′44.6″ E | YES | D | YES | NO | NO |
PN39 | YES | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN40 | NO | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN41 | YES | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN42 | YES | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN43 | YES | D | NO | NO | NO | |||
PN44 | NO | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN45 | NO | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN46 | YES | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN47 | YES | D | YES | NO | NO | |||
PN48 | Isola Piana-MPA Isola dell’Asinara | IPI | 40°58′42.9″ N 8°13′22.6″ E | NO | A | NO | YES | NO |
PR1 | NO | A | NO | YES | NO | |||
PR2 | NO | A | NO | YES | NO |
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Scarpa, F.; Sanna, D.; Azzena, I.; Mugetti, D.; Cerruti, F.; Hosseini, S.; Cossu, P.; Pinna, S.; Grech, D.; Cabana, D.; et al. Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis. Life 2020, 10, 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10100238
Scarpa F, Sanna D, Azzena I, Mugetti D, Cerruti F, Hosseini S, Cossu P, Pinna S, Grech D, Cabana D, et al. Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis. Life. 2020; 10(10):238. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10100238
Chicago/Turabian StyleScarpa, Fabio, Daria Sanna, Ilenia Azzena, Davide Mugetti, Francesco Cerruti, Sepideh Hosseini, Piero Cossu, Stefania Pinna, Daniele Grech, David Cabana, and et al. 2020. "Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis" Life 10, no. 10: 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10100238