Nonexistence of Global Weak Solutions for a Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation in an Exterior Domain

We study the large-time behavior of solutions to the nonlinear exterior problem Lu(t, x) = κ|u(t, x)|p, (t, x) ∈ (0, ∞) × Dc under the nonhomegeneous Neumann boundary condition ∂u ∂ν (t, x) = λ(x), (t, x) ∈ (0, ∞)× ∂D, where L := i∂t + ∆ is the Schrödinger operator, D = B(0, 1) is the open unit ball in RN , N ≥ 2, Dc = RN\D, p > 1, κ ∈ C, κ 6= 0, λ ∈ L1(∂D,C) is a nontrivial complex valued function, and ∂ν is the outward unit normal vector on ∂D, relative to Dc. Namely, under a certain condition imposed on (κ, λ), we show that if N ≥ 3 and p < pc, where pc = N N−2 , then the considered problem admits no global weak solutions. However, if N = 2, then for all p > 1, the problem admits no global weak solutions. The proof is based on the test function method introduced by Mitidieri and Pohozaev, and an adequate choice of the test function.


Introduction
We investigate the nonlinear exterior problem where L := i∂ t + ∆ is the Schrödinger operator, D = B(0, 1) is the open unit ball in R N , N ≥ 2, D c = R N \D, p > 1, and κ ∈ C, κ = 0. Problem (1) is studied under the nonhomegeneous Neumann boundary condition ∂u ∂ν (t, x) = λ(x), (t, x) ∈ (0, ∞) × ∂D, where λ ∈ L 1 (∂D, C) is a nontrivial complex valued function and ∂ν is the outward unit normal vector on ∂D, relative to D c . Namely, we derive sufficient conditions so that Equations (1) and (2) admit no global weak solutions. We mention below some motivations for studying the considered problem. Let us first fix some notations. Given a complex number z, the real part of z is denoted by Re z, the imaginary part of z is denoted by Im z, the conjugate of z is denoyted by z, and the modulus of z is denoted by |z|.
In the literature, there are many results related to the blow-up of solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger equations in the whole space R N . Glassey [1] studied the Cauchy problem Under the assumptions it was shown that ∇u 2 and u ∞ blow up in finite time. In [2], Ogawa and Tsutsumi proved that, if N ≥ 2 and then, if the initial data ϕ ∈ H 1 is radially symmetric and has negative energy, the solution to (3) in H 1 blows up in finite time. For other related woks, see, for example [3][4][5][6] and the references therein. Ikeda and Wakasugi [7] investigated the problem where κ ∈ C, κ = 0 and 1 < p ≤ 1 + 2 N . Under certain assumptions on ϕ, they proved that the L 2 -norm of the solution u of (4) blows up in finite time. In [8], Ikeda and Inui extended the results obtained in [7] to the case 1 < p < 1 + 4 N . For other related results, see, for example [9,10]. We mention that the nonlinearity κ|u| p works differently from the nonlinearity κ|u| p−1 u. Indeed, Ikeda and Wakasugi in [7] showed that κ|u| p does not act as a long range effect such as κ|u| p−1 u (note that the L 2 -norm of solutions for the equation in (3) conserves for all t ∈ R, see [7]).
On the other hand, it is well known that for many problems, the large-time behavior of solutions depends on the geometry of the domain, as well as the considered boundary conditions. As an example, let us consider the semilinear heat equation It is well known from a famous result of Fujita [11] that the critical exponent of (5) is i.e., if 1 < p < p F and u 0 > 0, problem (5) possesses no global positive solutions; if p > p F and u 0 is smaller than a small Gaussian, then (5) has global positive solutions. Consider now the same problem posed in the exterior domain D c with a Neumann boundary condition on ∂D, i.e., In the case λ ≡ 0, it was shown by Levine and Zhang [12] that the critical exponent of problem (7) is equal to the Fujita critical exponent p F defined by (6). However, if N ≥ 3 and ∂D λ(x) dσ > 0, it was proven by Bandle, Levine, and Zhang [13] that the critical exponent of problem (7) jumps from p F (the critical exponent of (5)) to a bigger number N N−2 . This shows the influence of the geometry of the domain and the considered boundary conditions on the critical behavior of solutions to (5).
In [14], Jleli and Samet studied the exterior problem (1) under the nonhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition and the initial condition It was shown that, if 1 < p < N N−2 (N ≥ 3) and Re κ · Im where H is a harmonic function, then Equations (1), (8) and (9) admit no global weak solutions. A natural question is to ask whether the above result still holds if, instead of the nonhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition (8), we consider the nonhomogeneous Neumann boundary condition (2). In this paper, motivated by the above mentioned facts, we study the exterior problem (1) under the nonhomogeneous Neumann boundary condition (2). The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we give the definition of the global weak solutions of (1) and (2), and we prove some preliminary results. In Section 3, we present and proof our main result.

Global Weak Solutions
First, we fix some notations. Let where C 2 cpt (Q, R + ) is the space of nonnegative C 2 functions compactly supported in Q. Recall that D c is closed and Γ ⊂ Q.
Let ψ ∈ C ∞ (R N ) be a function satisfying Let ξ ∈ C ∞ (R) be a function satisfying where τ > 2p p−1 and ρ > 0 are constants. Let It can be easily seen that It follows from Lemmas 1 and 2 that Lemma 3. If u ∈ S GL , then and for any 1 < T < ∞.

Main Result
In this section, we obtain sufficient conditions for which S GL = ∅. As in [14], the used technique is based on the test function method introduced by Mitidieri and Pohozaev (see, e.g., [15]). However, due to the boundary condition (2), the considered test function in our case is different to that used in [14].
For N ≥ 3, let Define the sets H i , i = 1, 2, by Our main result is the following.

Remark 1.
Note that no assumptions on the initial condition are required in Theorem 1.

Conclusions
Nonlinear Schrödinger equations attracted the attention of many mathematicians, due to their significant applications in physics. Many efforts were made to identify the blow-up of the solution of different boundary value problems involving such a type of nonlinear equations. Hence, there is a variety of approaches in the literature to studying the dynamical properties of the blow-up of the solution and prove the existence/nonexistence of global weak solutions. Here, Theorem 1 complements the results with power-type nonlinearities, in the nonhomogeneous Neumann boundary case. As pointed out above, we do not impose any assumption on the initial condition. We establish the result using the approach originally developed by Mitidieri and Pohozaev [15], together with an adequate choice of the test function. We recall that the approach methodology is indirect, starting on the assumption of the existence of a global weak solution to (1) and (2). The test function in our case is different from that used in recent analogous papers (see, for example, the one in [14]).