Thermoelasticity of Initially Stressed Bodies with Voids : A Domain of Influence

In our study, we will extend the domain of influence in order to cover the thermoelasticity of initially stressed bodies with voids. In what follows, we prove that, for a finite time t > 0, the displacement field ui, the dipolar displacement field φjk, the temperature θ and the change in volume fraction φ generate no disturbance outside a bounded domain B.


Introduction
We must outline that our bodies are included in the thermoelasticity of bodies with voids.As we know, Nunziato and Cowin, in the paper [1], have initiated the approach of the bodies with vacuous pores (or voids).In this theory, the authors introduce an additional degree of freedom in order to develop the mechanical behavior of a body in which the skeletal material is elastic and interstices are voids of material.There are many modern applications of this theory, of which we just mention the manufactured porous materials and the geological materials like soils and rocks.In the linear case, this theory of bodies with pores was approached by Cowin and Nunziato in the study [2].In this paper, the authors demonstrated a result of the uniqueness regarding the solution for the mixed problem and obtained a result of weak stability for the respective solutions.See also [3].The equations of the thermoelasticity of bodies with pores were obtained by Iesan in work [4].Other results regarding the contributions of voids of material in the theory of micropolar body with pores can be found in the papers [5,6].Lately, the number of papers devoted to various aspects of microstructure has greatly increased (see [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], so that our work can be considered a continuation in this respect.In our present study, we extend the previous results in order to cover the thermoelasticity of initially stressed material with voids.Thus, after we put down the main equations, the initial conditions and the boundary data of the mixed value problem in this context, we define the so-called domain of influence, denoted by B t , which corresponds to the data at time t and it is associated with the mixed problem.As in previous studies (see for instance [5,24,25]), we will use a specific method in order to prove a theorem regarding the domain of influence.
Our basic result asserts that the solutions of the mixed initial-boundary value problem, in the context of the theory of thermoelasticity of bodies with voids, decay to zero outside B t , for any finite variable t > 0.

Basic Equations
In our paper, we will consider some elastic bodies.We suppose that such anisotropic body is situated in regular domain B, include in R 3 , that is, the three-dimensional Euclidian space.The border of this domain is a smooth surface, denoted by ∂B.The closure of B is usual denoted by B.
A fix system of Cartesian axes Ox i , (i = 1, 2, 3) is used and the Cartesian notation is used for vectors and tensors.For the time derivative of a function, it is used a superposed dot.For the partial derivatives of a function with respect its spatial variables, we will use a comma which is followed by a subscript.partial derivatives with respect to the spatial coordinates.In the case of the repeated indices, the Einstein summation rule is used.
In addition, if there is no possibility of confusion, then dependence of function with regards to its spatial or time variables will be omitted.The evolution of body with dipolar structure will be described with the help of the following specific variables: Here, we denoted by u i the components of the displacement vector field and by ϕ ij the components of the dipolar displacement tensor field.
Using the above variables u i (x, t), ϕ ij (x, t), we will introduce the components of the tensors of strain, namely ε ij , k ij and γ i , as follows: Being in the context of linear theory, it is natural to consider that internal energy density is a quadratic form with the following expression: We will use a procedure similar to that used by Nunziato and Cowin in [3].Thus, taking into account that we obtain the following constitutive equations The main equations that govern the thermoelasticity of initially stressed materials with pores are (see [5]): -the motion equations: −ϕ kr,i N ijr + g jk = I kr φjr ; -the equation for the equilibrium of the forces: -the equation of energy: We complete the above equations with: -the kinetic relations The meaning of the notations that we used in Equations ( 3)-( 8) is as follows: -the density of mass, which is a constant; η-the entropy per unit mass; T 0 -the temperature of the material in its undeformed state; I ij -the tensor of microinertia; κ-the variable inertia the equilibrated forces; u i -the vector of the vector of moving; ϕ jk -the tensor for dipolar moving; ϕ-the function for the volume fraction that in the undeformed state has the value ϕ 0 ; φ-a measure for change in volume, regarding the undeformed state; θ-the variation of the temperature, regarding the temperature T 0 from the reference state; ε ij , γ ij , χ ijk -the strain tensors; τ ij , η ij , µ ijk -the the stress tensors; h i -the components of the vector for equilibrated stress; q i -the vector for the flux of the heat; f i -the body forces; g jk -the dipolar charges; r-the measure of the supply heat; g-a measure for balancing of intrinsic force; L-a measure for balancing of extrinsic force; A ijmn , B ijmn , ..., k ij -the functions what characterize the elastic properties of the material.These satisfy the following symmetry relations: In the above relations ( 1) and ( 3), the quantities P ij , Q ij and N ijk are prescribed functions which satisfy the following equations: Based on the inequality of the entropy production, we can deduce that In order to complete our mixed initial-boundary value problem, we add to the basic Equations ( 2)-( 7), the following prescribed initial data We also consider the given conditions to the limit is the unit normal to the surface∂B, outward oriented.In addition, we denoted by ∂B 1 , ∂B 2 , ∂B 3 and ∂B 4 the subsets of ∂B, considered together with their corresponding complements ∂B c 1 , ∂B c 2 , ∂B c 3 and ∂B c 4 .The time t 0 can be infinite.The functions u 0 i , u 1 i , ϕ 0 jk , ϕ 1 jk , θ 0 , φ 0 , φ 1 , ūi , ti , φjk , μjk , φ, θ, q, h are prescribed and regular in all points where are defined.
By introducing the geometric Equation ( 7) and the constitutive Equation (6) into Equations ( 2), ( 3) and ( 5), we obtain the following system of equations: −ϕ ji Q ki +ϕ ji,r N rki +G jkmn ε mn +B jkmn γ mn +D jkmnr χ mnr +b jk φ+e jki φ ,i −β jk θ+ g jk , We can define the solution of our mixed initial boundary value problem in the context of the theory of thermoelasticity of initially stressed bodies with voids in the cylinder Ω 0 = B × [0, t 0 ) as being the array (u i , ϕ jk , θ, φ) that verify all equations of the system ( 14)- (15) for any (x, t) ∈ Ω 0 , and satisfy the initial data (12) and also the conditions to the limit (13).

Main Result
First of all, we start by introducing the definition of the concept of a domain of influence.Then, we will prove an inequality which will underpin the influence theorem.This inequality is a counterpart of that demonstrated in the study [5].The main result of our work is a theorem regarding the existence of a domain of influence in the context of thermoelasticity of porous materials.
In order to obtain our results, we need to impose the following hypotheses on the properties of the bodies: A ijmn x ij x mn + 2G ijmn x ij y mn + B ijmn y ij y mn + 2F mnrij x ij z mnr + +2D ijmnr y ij z mnr + C ijkmnr z ijk z mnr + P ki x jk x ji − 2Q ik x ji y jk + +N rik x ji z jkr for all x ij = x ji , y ji , z ijk , ω i , ω; (iii) k ij η i η j ≥ γη i η i , for all η i .
These hypotheses are not considered as very restrictive, as they are commonly imposed in mechanics of continuum media.As an example, the hypothesis iii is deduced from the corollary (9) and this can be obtained from the entropy production inequality.
By analogy with the step function of Heaviside, we will consider a smooth non-decreasing function U e (z) as follows: for a sufficiently small e > 0.
We now fix two constants R > 0 and t > 0 and use d = |x − x 0 |, in order to define, with the help of the above function U e , the following useful function x 0 is an arbitrary point fixed in B. Here, v > 0 is a constant which have the amplitude of speed, which will be determined later.Using a sphere S(x 0 , R) of the form we define the set It is easy to see that V(x, s) is a regular function in all points of B × [0, t], which decay to zero outside set A. We now prove an inequality which is useful in what follows.
Proposition 1.If the ordered array (u i , ϕ ij , φ, θ) satisfies the system of Equations ( 14) and ( 15) and verifies Equations ( 12) and ( 13), then the following inequality takes place: Proof.This result can be immediately deduced by taking into account the above assumptions i and ii.
Let us define a function P(x, s) by −2Q ik u j,i ϕ jk + 2N rik u j,i ϕ jk,r From definition (20), we can deduce that P, as a function of (t, s) is, in fact, the potential density energy.
In the following, we also use the function K(x, s) defined by Clearly, this function is kinetic energy.
If we take into account the hypotheses i and ii, from Equations ( 20) and ( 21), we are led to the conclusion In the following theorem, we will prove an inequality, which is helpful to obtain our main result.
) is a solution of the system of Equations ( 14) and ( 15) that verifies ( 12) and ( 13), then the next inequality is satisfied for any (x, τ) in the cylinder B × [0, t]: Proof.If we multiply the both members of Equation ( 14) 1 by V ui , we obtain Analogously, we multiply both sides of Equation( 14) 2 by V φjk , so that we get the equality Furthermore, multiplying both sides of ( 14) 3 by V φ, we obtain the identity At last, by multiplying both sides of (14) 4 by Vθ, we will obtain Now, by summing up, term by term, Equations ( 24)-( 27), it is easy to deduce the identity It is not difficult to notice that relation (28) can be rewritten in the following equivalent form: Taking into account the expression of the potential energy P from (30), identity (29) can be restated in the form By integrating, over B × [0, t], both sides of identity (30) so that, by using the divergence theorem and the conditions to the limit (13), we are led to the following equality: V ,i τ ij + η ij uj + µ ijk φjk + h i φ + 1 T 0 q i θ dvds.
Now, we consider the definition (17) of the function V in order to the identity: A ijmn ε mn x j + G ijmn γ mn x j + F ijmnr χ mnr x j + + a ij + b ij φx j + d ijk + e ijk φ ,k x j − α ij + β ij θx j ui + + F jkmnr ε mn x r + D jkmnr γ mn x r + C ijkmnr χ mnr x i φjk + + D mni ε mn x i + E mni γ mn x i where we used the notation: U e = dU e dr .
For the terms on the right-hand side of identity (32), we will use the arithmetic-geometric mean inequality in the form ab ≤ 1 2 such that if we choose some suitable parameters m, we can find v (from the definition of U e ) to satisfy the inequality In addition, we obtain the inequality V ,j τ ij + η ij ui + V ,j µ ijk φjk + V ,i h i φ + 1 T 0 V ,i q i θ dvds ≤ (35) U e (x, τ)[K(x, τ) − P(x, τ)]dvdτ ≤ 0.