Fuzzy Parameterized Complex Multi-Fuzzy Soft Expert Set Theory and Its Application in Decision-Making

: Contemporary research has reﬁned systems with complex fuzzy sets in order to improve the design and model of real-life applications. Symmetry and antisymmetry are basic characteristics of binary relations used when modeling the decision maker’s preferences. A recent focus has been the analysis of a complex data set using the properties of fuzzy concept lattice and the complex soft set. We will introduce a new concept to represent the information which utilizes the time factor, called fuzzy parameterized complex multi-fuzzy soft expert set ( FP - CMFSES ), and investigate part of its fundamental properties. This FP - CMFSES model allows us to validate the information provided by an expert, at a given phase of time, using the properties of complex fuzzy sets. We then construct an algorithm based on this concept by converting it from the complex state to the real state. Eventually, we implement it to a decision-making problem to demonstrate the applicability of the suggested method. A comparison among FP - CMFSES and other existing methods is made to expose the dominance of the suggested method. Apart from that, we also propose the weighted fuzzy parameterized complex multi-fuzzy soft expert set and investigate its application to decision-making.


Introduction
Numerous categories of uncertainties occur in almost every domain of our daily life, which calls for useful mathematic tools for handling these kinds of uncertainties.Various mathematic tools such as fuzzy set (FS) theory [1], intuitionistic fuzzy set theory [2] and multi-fuzzy set (MFS) theory [3,4] have been built and proved to be valuable in managing various types of the problems that contain uncertainties.The fuzzy Delphi approach on military drivers' performance [5] and the extended weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method using intuitionistic fuzzy numbers for a website evaluation [6] are examples of fuzzy hybrids used in decision-making.Unfortunately, due to the insufficiency of parameterization tools, these mentioned theories seem to face their own challenges.In order to overcome these challenges, Molodtsov [7] proposed the theory of soft sets to manage the uncertainties in parameterized form, which is independent from the challenges that have distressed the existing theoretical methods.
In recent years, the application of this theory has been implemented in many areas such as information sciences, intelligent systems, game theory, measurement theory, probability theory and the list continues.Currently, the study on soft sets is developing promptly such as fuzzy soft sets [8,9], intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets [10,11] and multi-fuzzy soft sets [12].Following from there, Alkhazaleh and Salleh [13] investigated the theory of soft expert sets, which later broadened to a fuzzy soft expert set theory [14], a bipolar fuzzy soft expert set [15], a multi Q-fuzzy soft expert set [16], and a neutrosophic soft expert set [17,18].
Recent studies in FS and MFS focused on establishing systems utilizing complex fuzzy sets (CFS) [19,20] to better design and model the real-life applications.The 'complex' part has the capability of managing the information of uncertainty and periodicity simultaneously.These models have been utilized to denote the uncertainty and periodicity features of an object together in a single set.Since then, the studies on CFS, in theories and applications, have established promptly (e.g., [21,22]).
Based on [3,19], Al-Qudah and Hassan [23] introduced a hybrid model of CFS and MFS, known as the complex multi-fuzzy set (CMFS).This model seems handy in managing difficulties associated with multidimensional characterization properties.Likewise, Al-Qudah and Hassan [24] presented the concept of complex multi-fuzzy soft sets in order to assimilate the advantages of CMFS along with sufficient parameterization tools.For making these models better functional in improving decision-making results, Al-Qudah and Hassan [25] suggested the theory of the complex multi-fuzzy soft expert set (CMFSES) in order to allow the users to be familiar with all of the experts' opinion in a single model, neglecting the need for any further cumbersome operations.
Theories such as fuzzy parameterized soft sets [26], fuzzy parameterized fuzzy soft sets [27], intuitionistic fuzzy parameterized soft sets [28] and their generalizations [29][30][31] have been widely studied.However, these theories that we mentioned above have a shortcoming, which is their inability to represent the information which happens over a time period.To overcome this, we design a new approach of FP-CMF SE S that has the ability to handle the uncertainty data that is captured by the amplitude term and phase term of the complex numbers, simultaneously.The contributions of this study can be summarized as below: 1.
Firstly, we generalize the concept of fuzzy parameterized fuzzy soft expert set to FP-CMF SE S to include the time frame, which is presented by the phase terms and the ability to represent multi-dimensional data.

2.
FP-CMF SE S is used to put forth an algorithm on decision-making by converting it from a complex state to a real state and subsequently provided the detailed decision steps.

3.
Lastly, we introduce the weighted fuzzy parameterized complex multi-fuzzy soft expert set and examine its application to decision-making.
Section 2 denotes some fundamental definitions and theories of the associated studies.The FP-MFSES is also introduced in this section while Section 3 presents the formulation of the FP-CMF SE S and its operations.In Section 4, we demonstrate some operations on FP-CMF SE S together with a few propositions and theorems, while, in Section 5, an application of the corresponding theory in decision-making is discussed.In this section too, the comparison is conducted to justify the validity of the suggested approach while Section 6 is devoted to weighted fuzzy parameterized complex multi-fuzzy soft expert set based on decision-making.Finally, Section 7 is the conclusion with suggestion for further studies.

Preliminaries
In the current section, crucial theories are outlined corresponding to MFS and CMFS that are consistent with this study as stated below.

Multi-Fuzzy Set (MFS)
The theory of MFS [3] is a newly developed method to denote some problems that possess multidimensional characterization properties, which seems challenging to be explained in other expansions of fuzzy set theory.The notion of a MFS is defined as follows: Definition 1 ([3]).Let k be a positive integer and U be a non-empty set.An MFS A in U is a set of ordered sequences where µ i ∈ P(U) (for i = 1, 2, ..., k) and P(U) is the set of all fuzzy subsets of U. The function µ A (x) = (µ 1 (x) , ..., µ k (x)) is known as the multi-membership function of MFS A, and k denotes the dimension of A. The set of all MFS of dimension k in U is represented by M k FS(U).

Complex Multi Fuzzy Set and Complex Multi Fuzzy Soft Expert Set
Al-Qudah and Hassan [23] proposed a CMFS for dealing with uncertainties of two-dimensional multi-fuzzy information in which it captures the amplitude terms and phase terms of the complex numbers simultaneously.Definition 2 ([23]).Denote (i = √ −1 ).Let k be a positive integer and U be a non-empty set.A CMFS A, defined on a universe of discourse U, is characterised by a multi-membership function µ A (x) = (µ j A (x) ) (for j = 1, 2, ..., k), which assigns to any element x ∈ U a complex-valued grade of multi-membership functions in A. µ A (x) may all lie within the unit circle in the complex plane, and are thus of the form µ A (x) = (r j A (x) • e iω j A (x) ) (for j = 1, 2, ..., k), both r j A (x) and ω j A (x) are real-valued and (r j A (x) ) ∈ [0, 1] (for j = 1, 2, ..., k).The CMFS A may be denoted as the set of ordered sequence where A (x) ) (for j = 1, 2, ...k) is known as the complex multi-membership function of CMFS A, k denotes the dimension of A. The set of all CMFS of dimension k in U is represented by CM k FS(U): Definition 3 ([23]).For every two CMFSs of dimension k in X, subset, equality, union, intersection operations, and the complement operation are defined as follows: 1.

A ⊂ B if and only if r
, for all x ∈ U and j = 1, 2, ..., k.

2.
A = B if and only if r j , for all x ∈ U and j = 1, 2, ..., k.

3.
A where ∨ and ∧ represents the max and min operator, respectively.

Definition 4 ([25]
).Let k be a positive integer, U be a universe of elements, E denotes a set of parameters, X represents a set of experts (agents), and O = {1 = agree, 0 = disagree} a set of opinions.Let Z = E × X × O and A ⊆ Z.A pair (F , A) is known as a CMFSES of dimension k (CM k FSES) over U, where F is a mapping given by F : A → CM k F U , where CM k F U represents the collection of all complex multi-fuzzy subsets of U. The CMFSES (F , A) can be expressed as: where F (e) (x) : e ∈ A, x ∈ U, j = 1, 2, ..., k}.

Fuzzy Parameterized Multi-Fuzzy Soft Expert Set (FP-MFSES)
We will now introduce the concept of FP-MFSES, and provide a corresponding illustrative example.
Definition 5. Let k denote a positive integer and U represent a universe of set, E denotes a set of parameters, I z (E) represents all fuzzy subsets of E, X represents a set of experts (agents), and O = {1 = agree, 0 = disagree} is a set of opinions.Let Z = ϕ × X × O and A ⊆ Z, where ϕ ⊂ I z (E).
A pair ( f , A) ϕ is called an FP-MFSES of dimension k (FP-M k FSES) over U, where f is a mapping expressed by where M k F(U) represents the collection of all multi-fuzzy subsets of U.
Example 1. Suppose that a company wants to manufacture new types of products and to take some experts opinions regarding these products.Let U = {u 1 , u 2 } represent a set universe consisting of two kinds of products.Suppose the parameter set E = {e 1 , e 2 } i.e., two criteria are considered in order to assess the performance of these products, where e 1 represents the "quality", which consists of three levels: excellent, very good and good, while e 2 stands for the parameter "price" which also has three levels: high, medium and low, and Υ = { 0.2 e 1 , 0.7 e 2 } a fuzzy subset of I z (E).Let X = {x 1 , x 2 } represent a set of experts who are authorized to provide their opinions corresponding to these products.

Fuzzy Parameterized Complex Multi-Fuzzy Soft Expert Set
In this current section, we propose the concept of FP-CMF SE S and study their characterizations.Then, we give an illustrative example of it.Definition 6.Let k denote a positive integer and U represent a universe of elements, E denote a set of parameters, F z (E) represents the set of fuzzy subsets of E, X denote a set of experts, and O = {1 = agree, 0 = disagree} a set of opinions.Let Z = Υ × X × O and A ⊆ Z where Υ ⊂ F z (E).Then, the pair (f , A) Υ is known as fuzzy parameterized complex multi-fuzzy soft expert set of dimension k (FP-CM k F SE S) over U if and only if f Υ : A → CM k (U) is a mapping into the set of all complex multi-fuzzy sets in U.
The FP-CM k F SE S (f , A) Υ can be written as a following set of ordered pairs: such that η Υ (e) is the corresponding membership function of the fuzzy set Υ and f , ∀u ∈ U and j = 1, 2, ..., k, where µ j f Υ (σ) (u) is a complex-valued grade of multi-membership function ∀u ∈ U and j = 1, 2, ..., k, for the FP-CM k F SE S (f , A) Υ .The values of [µ j f Υ (σ) (u)] may all lie within the unit circle in the complex plane, and are thus of the form [µ ], where (i = √ −1 ), each of the amplitude terms [r j f Υ (e) (u)] and the phase terms It follows that, letting U denote a universe of elements, E represent a set of parameters, and let (f , A) Υ , (g, B) h, (L, D) λ ∈PF-CM k F SE S(U), which is defined as below: The following example aids in demonstrating this notion.
Thus, we can view the FP-CM k F SE S (f , A) Υ as being comprised of the following collection of approximations: We now introduce the ideas of the subset and equality operations on two FP-CMF SE Ss in the following definition.Definition 7. Let (f , A) Υ and (g, B) h be two FP-CM k F SE S over U which then yields the following: h if and only if the following conditions are fulfilled for e ∈ E: for the amplitude terms and for the phase terms ω In this case, we write (f , A) ⊆ (g, B).
Proof.The properties of ⊆ and = trivially follow from the definitions given above.
Following from that, we now introduce the definition of the empty and absolute FP-CMF SE S.
), for all σ ∈ A and u ∈ U (i.e., r j f Now, we suggest the definitions of an agree-FP-CMF SE Ss and the disagree-FP-CMF SE Ss.

Basic Operations on Fuzzy Parameterized Complex Multi-Fuzzy Soft Expert Set
In the current section, we demonstrate some fundamental theoretic operations on FP-CMF SE Ss, which consists of the complement, union, intersection, AND and OR.We also investigate the structural features of these operations based on FP-CMF SE Ss.

Complement of FP-CMF SE S
Here, we describe the complement operation for FP-CMF SE S and provide a corresponding illustrative example and a proof of a proposed proposition.
Υ and is defined by where ], ∀u ∈ U and j = 1, 2, ..., k, where c is the complex multi-fuzzy complement.
Proof.From Definition 12, we have

Union and Intersection of FP-CMFSES
In this part, we demonstrate the definitions of union and intersection operations of two FP-CMF SE Ss, along with an illustrative example and some propositions on these two operations.
The following propositions explicitly characterise the combined operations of union and intersection of FP-CMF SE Ss.
Proof.We only outline the proof of assertion 4 since the proof of assertions 1, 2 and 3 comes directly from Definitions 13 and 14.
Let (S, W ) Ω = , u S Ω ( )(u) : u ∈ U : ∈ W , where We consider the case when ∈ P ∆ ∩ A λ as the other cases are trivial.Then, by using Equation ( 13), we have Therefore, we have (( Thus, the first part of assertion 4 is proven.Likewise, we can prove the second part of assertion 4.This completes the proof.

AND and OR of FP-CMF SE Ss
We now introduce the notion of AND and OR operations on two FP-CMF SE Ss with a proposition of these two operations.
Hence, O Ω c and J Ω are the same operator, thus the first assertion of Proposition 2 is proven.
Likewise, we can prove the second assertion too.

An Application of Fuzzy Parameterized Complex Multi-Fuzzy Soft Expert Set
In this current section, we give an implementation of FP-CMF SE S in solving a decision-making problem.
In our example, the amplitude terms represent the degrees of belongingness to the living cost and weather, whereas the phase terms denote the degrees of belongingness to the phase of seasons.
Suppose that the traveler would like to select one of the three countries based on the living cost and weather.We apply the following Algorithm 1 to this problem in order to achieve a good selection in deciding the best country in terms of the living cost and weather.We outline the steps required in this process as follows.
Algorithm 1: Using FP-CM k F SE S.
Step 1. Construct FP-CM k F SE S (f , A) Υ over U.
Step 2. Convert the FP-CM k F SE S (f , A) Υ to the FP-M k FSES ( f , A) Υ by obtaining the weighted aggregation values of µ j fΥ (σ ˙ ) (u),∀σ ˙ ∈ A,∀u ∈ U and j = 1, 2, ..., k as in the following equation: where .., k) are the amplitude and phase terms in the FP-CM k F SE S (f , A) Υ , respectively.µ j fΥ (σ ˙ ) (u ) is the multi-membership function in the FP-M k FSES ( f , A) Υ and ν 1 , ν 2 are the weights for the amplitude terms (the degrees of belongingness to the living cost and weather) and the phase terms (the degrees of belongingness to the phase of seasons), respectively, where ν 1 and ν 2 ∈ [0, 1] and ν 1 + ν 2 = 1.
Step 3. Find the values of C ˙ for agree-FP-M k FSES and disagree-FP-M k FSES, respectively, ∀σ ˙ ∈ A and ∀u ∈ U using Step 4. Compute the score of each element u ∈ U by the following formulas: for the agree-FP-M k FSES and disagree-FP-M k FSES, respectively, where η Υ (e ˙ ) is the corresponding membership function of the fuzzy set Υ and X is the set of the experts.
Step 5. Find the value of the score R = K − S for each element x ∈ U.
In the same way, we calculate the FP-M k FSE-values, ∀σ ∈ A and ∀u ∈ U and the results are displayed in Table 1.From Table 1, we can give the values of C ˙ , for agree-FP-M k FSES and disagree-FP-M k FSES (as explained in Definition 5 earlier and formulated in Step 3 of Algorithm 1) presented in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.
Let K and S represent the score of each numerical grade for the agree-FP-M k FSES and disagree-FP-M k FSES, respectively.These values are given in Table 4.
Clearly, the maximum choice value is 0.019 as shown in Table 4 and so the optimal decision is to select u 2 in terms of the living cost and weather.

Comparison between FP-CMF SE S and the Existing Method
We have used the FP-CMF SE S to determine the appropriate country from the three countries to travel in terms of the living cost and weather, where its amplitude terms represent the degrees of belongingness to the living cost and weather and its phase terms represent the degrees of belongingness to the phase of seasons.In this section, we will compare our proposed FP-CMF SE S model against the existing method of a fuzzy parameterized fuzzy soft expert set (FPFSES) [31].
FPFSES is able to solve a decision-making problem using a single membership function, but it is not able to solve the decision-making problem, which involves multi-agent, multi-attribute, multi-object, multi-index and uncertainty utilizing multi-membership functions.An additional reason is its inability to deal with problems that have a periodic nature, as its structure lacks the phase term.
Consider a decision-making problem in Example 9 above.It can be seen that the FPFSES cannot describe this problem, since it is unable to represent multi-membership functions simultaneously.In addition, it is unable to represent variables in two dimensions, whereas our proposed model FP-CMF SE S can completely characterize these parameters.
Thus, the proposed method has certain advantages.Firstly, this method uses the FP-CMF SE S to represent the the decision-making problem, which involves multi-agent, multi-attribute, multi-object, multi-index and uncertainty utilizing multi-membership functions.FP-CMF SE S includes evaluation information missing in the FPFSES model, such as the time frame, which is presented by the phase terms and the ability to represent multi-dimensional data.Secondly, the FP-CMF SE S that is used in our method has the ability to handle the uncertainty information that is captured by the amplitude terms and phase terms of the complex numbers, simultaneously.Finally, a practical formula is employed to convert the FP-CMF SE S from the complex state to the real state, which employs a simple computational process without the need to carry out directed operations on complex numbers.

Weighted of Fuzzy Parameterized Complex Multi-Fuzzy Soft Expert Set Based Decision-Making
In this present segment, we present the idea for assigning relative weights to the experts by establishing a novel notion called WFP-CMF SE S and apply it to decision-making problems.
To begin with, we propose the concept of WFP-CMF SE S.
Definition 17.Let k be a positive integer, U be a universe of elements, E be a set of parameters, F z (E) denote the set of fuzzy subsets of E, X be a set of experts, and F z (X) denote all fuzzy subsets of X and O = {1 = agree, 0 = disagree} a set of opinions.Let Z = Υ × × O and A ⊆ Z, where Υ ⊂ F z (E) and ⊂ F z (X).Then, the pair (f , A) Υ, is called a a weighted fuzzy parameterized complex multi-fuzzy soft expert set of dimension k (W FP-CM k F SE S) over U if and only if f Υ, : A → CM k (U) is a mapping into the set of all complex multi-fuzzy sets in U.
The W FP-CM k F SE S (f , A) Υ, can be written as the following set of ordered pairs: such that η Υ (e) and η (x) are the corresponding membership functions of the fuzzy set Υ and , respectively.
Obviously, a revised version of Algorithm 1 can be developed to cope with the decision-making problems based on W FP-CMF SE Ss (see Algorithm 2).In the revised algorithm, we assign the relative weight to each of the experts where the choice of the experts may not be of equal importance and compute the weighted choice values R instead of choice values R .Now, we use Algorithm 2 to select the appropriate country from the three countries of choice.
The following algorithm may be used to solve the decision-making problem in Example 9, where the data are represented by the W FP-CM k F SE S (f , A) Υ, .
Algorithm 2: Using W FP-CM k F SE S.
Step 1. Construct W FP-CM k F SE S (f , A) Υ, over U.
Step 2. Convert the W FP-CM k F SE S (f , A) Υ, to the weighted fuzzy parameterized multi-fuzzy soft expert set (WFP-M k FSES) ( f , A) Υ, as it was illustrated in step 2 of Algorithm 1.
Step 3. Find the values of C ˙ for agree-WFP-M k FSES and disagree-WFP-M k FSES respectively, ∀σ ˙ ∈ A and ∀u ∈ U using Step 4. Compute the score of each element u ∈ U by the following formulas: for the agree-WFP-M k FSES and disagree-WFP-M k FSES, respectively, where η Υ (e ˙ ) and η (x ˙ ) are the corresponding membership functions of the fuzzy set Υ and , respectively.
Step 5. Find the value of the score R = K − S for each element u ∈ U.
Step 6.The optimal decision is any element in s, where s = max u ∈U { R }.
To illustrate the above idea, let us reconsider Example 9.
Example 10.Consider Example 9. Suppose that the traveler has assigned the following weights for the experts in X: for the expert "x 1 ": 1 = 0.5, for the expert "x 2 ": 2 = 0.7.Then, the fuzzy subset of experts is = 0.5 x 1 , 0.7 x 2 and the FP-CM k F SE S (f , A) Υ in Example 9 is changed into a W FP-CM k F SE S (f , A) Υ, .
Tables 5 and 6 give the numerical grade for agree-W FP-M k F SES and disagree -W FP-M k F SES. Now, we calculate the score R = K − S for each element u ∈ U , where K and S , represent the score of each numerical grade for the agree-WFP-M k FSES and disagree-WFP-M k FSE, respectively.The scores are tabulated in Table 7 below.From Table 7, it is clear that the weighted optimal choice value max 1≤ ≤3 { R } = R2 , so the optimal decision is to select u 2 .Hence, it is recommended for the traveler to choose the country u 2 as the desirable alternative.
Note that the results obtained using Algorithm 1 and Algorithm 2 are the same.However, by incorporating weights on the experts' advice may reduce the biased information given by the experts.

Conclusions
Al-Qudah and Hassan [25] introduced the idea of CMFSES as a substantial and important generalization of the soft expert set and complex multi-fuzzy set and concentrated on the utilization of CMFSES based decision-making.In this paper, we have presented the idea of FP-CMF SE S by giving an important degree to each parameter in the CMFSES's domain.In addition, we discussed some basic operations of FP-CMF SE S like equality, subset, complement, intersection, union, AND operation, and OR operation and some properties and illustrative examples were provided too.Then, we introduced an adjustable approach to decision-making using the FP-CMF SE S theory and its associated algorithm constructed.This algorithm is then applied to determine the best country in terms of the living cost and weather, where its amplitude terms represent the degrees of belongingness to the living cost and weather, and its phase terms represent the degrees of belongingness to the phase of seasons.The advantage of using FP-CMF SE S is manifested in representing information of two dimensions for one object simultaneously or objects with multi-dimensional characterization properties in one model.This type of decision-making problems cannot be solved by conventional methods such as the FPFSES [31].A comparison of the FPFSES to FP-CMF SE S was presented and the preferability of FP-CMF SE S was revealed.Finally, we defined the notion of weighted FP-CMF SE S where experts' relative weights have been considered and applied it to solve a decision-making problem.Our preliminary study is yet to be applied to problems of many fields that contain uncertainty such as pattern recognition, image processing, and fuzzy control.For further study, we will attend to the algebraic structure of FP-CMF SE S such as group, ring and field.We plan to extend this concept to other types of algebraic structures such as monomial algebras [32] and semigroups [33,34] in the future.We are eager to extend our work to other multi-criteria decision-making models and applications for modeling vagueness and uncertainty.
Suppose (f , A) Υ and (g, B) h are two FP-CM 3 F SE Ss over the same U given by

Table 2 .
Tabular representation of the agree-FP-M k FSES.

Table 3 .
Tabular representation of the disagree-FP-M k FSES.

Table 5 .
Tabular representation of the numerical grade for WFP-M k FSES.

Table 6 .
Tabular representation of the numerical grade for disagree-WFP-M k FSES.

Table 7 .
The score R = K − S .