Vulnerability Hotspots Mapping for Enhancing Sanitation Services Provision: A Case Study of Jordan
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Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Prince El-Hassan Bin Talal Faculty of Natural Resource and Environment, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
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Bremen Overseas Research and Development Agency (BORDA) Jordan Country Office, Amman 11183, Jordan
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Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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GIS and Remote Sensing Center, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Panagiotis Karanis, Layla Ben Ayed, Eleni Golomazou, Patrick Scheid, Ourania Tzoraki, Anna Lass and Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
Water 2022, 14(11), 1689; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111689
Received: 23 April 2022
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Revised: 21 May 2022
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Accepted: 23 May 2022
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Published: 25 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Emerging Solutions for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene)
Enhancing sanitation services is a major challenge for sustainable development and plans. This work aims at developing a vulnerability hotspot mapping for improving sanitation services provision in Jordan based on a multi-weighted criteria model. Multiple spatial, physical, demographic, social, economic, and sanitation data were collected and compiled using GIS. We also considered experts’ and stakeholders’ opinions to determine the necessary indicators needed to develop Sanitation Hotspot Index (SHI). We used the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis to assign the relative weights of ten criteria. We also checked the consistency of AHP results. We found that the sanitation and population density got the highest relative weights, while soil hydraulic conductivity got the lowest. Based on the results of AHP, we developed two SHI mapping for two administrative levels: district and neighborhood levels. The maps classified the sanitation vulnerability into five classes ranging from most vulnerable to least vulnerable. The developed SHI maps can be used as a decision support tool for decision-makers and planners to allocate the necessary funds and orient the aids from donors and international agencies to enhance sanitation services in the country’s most vulnerable areas.
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Keywords:
sanitation; mapping; GIS; AHP; Jordan; hotspots; vulnerability
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MDPI and ACS Style
Hammouri, N.; Talafha, M.; Hamarneh, Q.; Annab, Z.; Al-Ruzouq, R.; Shanableh, A. Vulnerability Hotspots Mapping for Enhancing Sanitation Services Provision: A Case Study of Jordan. Water 2022, 14, 1689. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111689
AMA Style
Hammouri N, Talafha M, Hamarneh Q, Annab Z, Al-Ruzouq R, Shanableh A. Vulnerability Hotspots Mapping for Enhancing Sanitation Services Provision: A Case Study of Jordan. Water. 2022; 14(11):1689. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111689
Chicago/Turabian StyleHammouri, Nezar, Mohammad Talafha, Qais Hamarneh, Zeina Annab, Rami Al-Ruzouq, and Abdallah Shanableh. 2022. "Vulnerability Hotspots Mapping for Enhancing Sanitation Services Provision: A Case Study of Jordan" Water 14, no. 11: 1689. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111689
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