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Volume 13
Issue 22
10.3390/w13223310
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Article

Implementing an Operational Framework to Develop a Streamflow Duration Assessment Method: A Case Study from the Arid West United States

by
Raphael D. Mazor
1,*,
Brian J. Topping
2,
Tracie-Lynn Nadeau
3,
Ken M. Fritz
4,
Julia E. Kelso
2,5,
Rachel A. Harrington
6,
Whitney S. Beck
2,
Kenneth S. McCune
1,
Aaron O. Allen
7,
Robert Leidy
8,
James T. Robb
9 and
Gabrielle C. L. David
10
1
Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
2
Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA
3
Region 10, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Portland, OR 97205, USA
4
Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
5
Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (ORISE) Fellow, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
6
Region 8, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO 80202, USA
7
Los Angeles District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles, CA 90017, USA
8
Region 9, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
9
Sacramento District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA
10
Engineer Research and Development Center Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Nikolaos Skoulikidis
Water 2021, 13(22), 3310; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223310
Received: 15 October 2021 / Revised: 16 November 2021 / Accepted: 19 November 2021 / Published: 22 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Hydrology)
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Abstract

Streamflow duration information underpins many management decisions. However, hydrologic data are rarely available where needed. Rapid streamflow duration assessment methods (SDAMs) classify reaches based on indicators that are measured in a single brief visit. We evaluated a proposed framework for developing SDAMs to develop an SDAM for the Arid West United States that can classify reaches as perennial, intermittent, or ephemeral. We identified 41 candidate biological, geomorphological, and hydrological indicators of streamflow duration in a literature review, evaluated them for a number of desirable criteria (e.g., defensibility and consistency), and measured 21 of them at 89 reaches with known flow durations. We selected metrics for the SDAM based on their ability to discriminate among flow duration classes in analyses of variance, as well as their importance in a random forest model to predict streamflow duration. This approach resulted in a “beta” SDAM that uses five biological indicators. It could discriminate between ephemeral and non-ephemeral reaches with 81% accuracy, but only 56% accuracy when distinguishing 3 classes. A final method will be developed following expanded data collection. This Arid West study demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach and paves the way for more efficient development of scientifically informed SDAMs. View Full-Text
Keywords: classification; flow duration; streams; perennial; intermittent; ephemeral; temporary; flow permanence; intermittency; rapid assessment classification; flow duration; streams; perennial; intermittent; ephemeral; temporary; flow permanence; intermittency; rapid assessment
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MDPI and ACS Style

Mazor, R.D.; Topping, B.J.; Nadeau, T.-L.; Fritz, K.M.; Kelso, J.E.; Harrington, R.A.; Beck, W.S.; McCune, K.S.; Allen, A.O.; Leidy, R.; Robb, J.T.; David, G.C.L. Implementing an Operational Framework to Develop a Streamflow Duration Assessment Method: A Case Study from the Arid West United States. Water 2021, 13, 3310. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223310

AMA Style

Mazor RD, Topping BJ, Nadeau T-L, Fritz KM, Kelso JE, Harrington RA, Beck WS, McCune KS, Allen AO, Leidy R, Robb JT, David GCL. Implementing an Operational Framework to Develop a Streamflow Duration Assessment Method: A Case Study from the Arid West United States. Water. 2021; 13(22):3310. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223310

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mazor, Raphael D., Brian J. Topping, Tracie-Lynn Nadeau, Ken M. Fritz, Julia E. Kelso, Rachel A. Harrington, Whitney S. Beck, Kenneth S. McCune, Aaron O. Allen, Robert Leidy, James T. Robb, and Gabrielle C.L. David. 2021. "Implementing an Operational Framework to Develop a Streamflow Duration Assessment Method: A Case Study from the Arid West United States" Water 13, no. 22: 3310. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223310

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