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Water
Volume 13
Issue 20
10.3390/w13202868
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Article

A GIS-Based Groundwater Contamination Assessment Using Modified DRASTIC Geospatial Technique

by
Ahsen Maqsoom
1,
Bilal Aslam
2,
Mamdooh Alwetaishi
3,
Muhammad Awais
1,
Usman Hassan
1,
Sidra Maqsoom
4,
Wesam Salah Alaloul
5,*,
Muhammad Ali Musarat
5,
Bilel Zerouali
6 and
Enas E. Hussein
7
1
Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad Wah Campus, Islamabad 47040, Pakistan
2
Department of Data Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
3
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 888, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Construction Engineering and Infrastructure Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok 12120, Thailand
5
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
6
Vegetable Chemistry-Water-Energy Research Laboratory, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hassiba Benbouali, University of Chlef, B.P. 78C, Ouled Fares, Chlef 02180, Algeria
7
National Water Research Center, P.O. Box 74, Shubra El-Kheima 13411, Egypt
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Chunhui Li, Zoe Li, Yurui Fan, Celso Augusto Guimarães Santos and Junliang Jin
Water 2021, 13(20), 2868; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13202868
Received: 28 August 2021 / Revised: 4 October 2021 / Accepted: 9 October 2021 / Published: 14 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Sustainable Water Resources Management and Planning under Climate Change)
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Abstract

Groundwater contamination along with anthropogenic actions and land use forms are increasing threats in urbanized zones around the world. Additionally, water quality and quantity are declining due to urbanization development. DRASTIC parameters (depth to the water table, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone, hydraulic conductivity) were considered to investigate hydrological characteristics for assessment of contamination. Having a major effect of anthropogenic activities, various susceptibility zones were produced by modifying the DRASTIC model into DRASTICA, integrating anthropogenic effects as the “A” parameter in an alphabetic system. After the assessment, the research exposes that from the total area, 14% is under very high susceptibility, 44% is of high susceptibility, 39% is of moderate susceptibility, and 3% is of low susceptibility to groundwater pollution. The results in the built-up areas and based on the parameter of nitrate in quality of water show that the altered DRASTIC model or DRASTICA model proved to give better outcomes compared with the usual DRASTIC model. The policy advisers and management authorities must use the analysis data as precaution measures so that future calamities can be avoided. View Full-Text
Keywords: groundwater susceptibility; DRASTIC; sensitivity analysis; DRASTICA model; contamination risk groundwater susceptibility; DRASTIC; sensitivity analysis; DRASTICA model; contamination risk
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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MDPI and ACS Style

Maqsoom, A.; Aslam, B.; Alwetaishi, M.; Awais, M.; Hassan, U.; Maqsoom, S.; Alaloul, W.S.; Musarat, M.A.; Zerouali, B.; Hussein, E.E. A GIS-Based Groundwater Contamination Assessment Using Modified DRASTIC Geospatial Technique. Water 2021, 13, 2868. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13202868

AMA Style

Maqsoom A, Aslam B, Alwetaishi M, Awais M, Hassan U, Maqsoom S, Alaloul WS, Musarat MA, Zerouali B, Hussein EE. A GIS-Based Groundwater Contamination Assessment Using Modified DRASTIC Geospatial Technique. Water. 2021; 13(20):2868. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13202868

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maqsoom, Ahsen, Bilal Aslam, Mamdooh Alwetaishi, Muhammad Awais, Usman Hassan, Sidra Maqsoom, Wesam Salah Alaloul, Muhammad Ali Musarat, Bilel Zerouali, and Enas E. Hussein. 2021. "A GIS-Based Groundwater Contamination Assessment Using Modified DRASTIC Geospatial Technique" Water 13, no. 20: 2868. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13202868

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